Database Info

Snapdragon™ BatteryGuru

Anyone Tried this yet?
Snapdragon™ BatteryGuru
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.xiam.snapdragon.app
App is from Qualcomm.
I've never used apps the limit functionality to save battery before, but if anyone would know how to do this right, it should be Qualcomm.
Snapdragon™ BatteryGuru extends battery performance and improves overall user experience by intelligently making changes that optimize Snapdragon device functionality. This app:
• Delivers longer battery life with fewer charges
• Intelligently learns how you use your Snapdragon smartphone and optimizes your device without disabling smartphone functionality
• Requires no user configuration - Snapdragon BatteryGuru automatically learns and adjusts the smartphone settings so you don’t have to.
After a brief 2-4 day introduction period, Snapdragon BatteryGuru learns the user’s behaviors and then notifies the user that it is ready to extend the battery life and improve the experience. Snapdragon BatteryGuru continues to operate in the background, deepening its understanding of the user and further optimizing the experience over time.

Thanks man!
Will give it a go.

I'm not really sure on what the value of these apps are.
Letting my phone do whatever it wants when I'm on wifi and my phone is sitting idle, my phone uses around 1%/hour of battery life.
Some portion of that is all this app could really save then, right?
Why bother if, in exchange, I'm possibly having delayed notifications, apps not updating in the background, etc.?

Sounds like a bunch of BS to me.
I'll be shocked if this makes any discernable difference.
Sent from my SCH-I535 using Tapatalk 2

I installed this and 3 days later it was still in learning mode. I got tired of waiting for it to do something else, so I deleted it and installed Greenify.

I'll give it a whirl.

I may try this out, but I already have the no–brainer solution to battery life woes...a big fat extended battery. If only lots of others would do the same lol.

I use the cPU sleeper, i;; give this a try, i get great batt life on stock, stock kernel..

Some of the reviews said it actually drained the battery. Might be wort trying but I have my doubts.
Sent from my SCH-I535 using xda app-developers app

I've had it on my sick Verizon s3 for about 3 days, so far not impressed. It took 2 days in learning mode, then once that period ended it seems to actually be a significant battery drainer! I will try for another couple of days and report back, but I'm not optimistic so far.
Sent from my Nexus 7 using XDA Premium HD app

It seems to keep me from adjusting my CPU with rom toolbox pro or system tuner pro. Can someone else that is running a custom kernal (IMO 2.0) and let me know if they can adjust theirs.
Sent from my Nexus 7 using Tapatalk HD

This is an app written and distributed by a component manufacturer. They will cut speed/processing power as much as they can to make the device use less battery. This inherently means the app will take control of the CPU/governor adjustments. A kernel such as KT with an app that LOCKS frequencies may prevent this, but also will render the app useless.
They aren't concerned with the same things as we in the rooting world are. We want to push as much processing power as possible while using the least amount of electrical power needed, not slow the device down while hoping ppl don't notice. Lol..

I too experienced battery drain from this app.
+1 on CPU Sleeper
Sent from my SCH-I535 using Tapatalk 2

tryed for about 1weeks.
After the learning mode...it started to appear as one of the most stealer of battery life...with 12/13% of daily battery usage. Disinstalled lol ...and my phone seems to be turned at a good battery life

Buying the Nexus 5

Hi all I've come to a decision that buying the Nexus 5 is worth it, a perfect collection to my devices
The Snapdragon 800 Quad 2.3 got my attention and its pretty cheap
I would like to ask about the battery life and if there are any custom roms that improve it
Thanks alot

Hi,
For the battery life it will vary from each users, it depends on your usage and settings (screen brightness, synchro, GPS, etc...), for more details you can take a look here for example: Nexus 5 Battery Results. Some users have 7 hrs screen on time, others 3 hrs (plus the idle time to take in consideration) for example, like I said it depends of your use. If you are a gamer the battery life will not be the same as the user who use its phone only for SMS.
Again you will have different opinions (and people that claims that x rom or x kernel is the best for battery life, you'll have the same number of opinions as there are different roms / kernels and it will not help you more...), for some the battery life is great and for others it's terrible, etc..., I would say the average is a day for about 4 Hrs screen on time with "normal" (or "light" use, I mean not 1 hour of Dead Trigger) use. It will depend of what you will do with your phone?
The battery life is mainly on the user side, it's not x rom or y rom that will give you better or worse battery life (unless a big issue in the rom, but... or sometimes it's the Gapps that drain more than usual it's right). If you have a bad signal or a rogue app that give you a ton of wackelocks so higher battery drain, whatever the rom or the kernel you will use it will be always the same thing.
If you want improve your battery life, know what apps you have, how and what they do in background for example (to avoid wackeloks), you can underclock, etc...
Take a look here also about battery life and kernel: Nexus 5 Battery benchmarks.
And there is already a bunch of threads (and review) about battery life in the Q&A forum...

viking37 said:
Hi,
For the battery life it will vary from each users, it depends on your usage and settings (screen brightness, synchro, GPS, etc...), for more details you can take a look here for example: Nexus 5 Battery Results. Some users have 7 hrs screen on time, others 3 hrs (plus the idle time to take in consideration) for example, like I said it depends of your use. If you are a gamer the battery life will not be the same as the user who use its phone only for SMS.
Again you will have different opinions (and people that claims that x rom or x kernel is the best for battery life, you'll have the same number of opinions as there are different roms / kernels and it will not help you more...), for some the battery life is great and for others it's terrible, etc..., I would say the average is a day for about 4 Hrs screen on time with "normal" (or "light" use, I mean not 1 hour of Dead Trigger) use. It will depend of what you will do with your phone?
The battery life is mainly on the user side, it's not x rom or y rom that will give you better or worse battery life (unless a big issue in the rom, but... or sometimes it's the Gapps that drain more than usual it's right). If you have a bad signal or a rogue app that give you a ton of wackelocks so higher battery drain, whatever the rom or the kernel you will use it will be always the same thing.
If you want improve your battery life, know what apps you have, how and what they do in background for example (to avoid wackeloks), you can underclock, etc...
Take a look here also about battery life and kernel: Nexus 5 Battery benchmarks.
And there is already a bunch of threads (and review) about battery life in the Q&A forum...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Revontheus said:
Hi all I've come to a decision that buying the Nexus 5 is worth it, a perfect collection to my devices
The Snapdragon 800 Quad 2.3 got my attention and its pretty cheap
I would like to ask about the battery life and if there are any custom roms that improve it
Thanks alot
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
To add to what they said though, certain Kernels with certain Roms can HELP with battery life but it all boils down to how the user uses it. I can tell you that with my same usage on KitKat and Cyanogenmod 11 (CM11), I get better battery life out of CM11. I recorded about a 4 hour longer battery life on CM11 as opposed to default KitKat that comes on the device.
You should look into CM11, it's a cleaner, more effecient, more customizable version of KitKat.
Hope this helps!
Great job to Viking on explaining battery life/Roms

@viking37, I Saw on some reviews on the internet that it comes pre-throttled ( pre underclocked ) is this true

Revontheus said:
@viking37, I Saw on some reviews on the internet that it comes pre-throttled ( pre underclocked ) is this true
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Underclocked, for the Nexus 5 , I never saw this, have you a link?
All Nexus 5 are clocked at max 2,26 Ghz, nothing less... It seems that there is different variants of the S800 (clocked at 2,4/2,5 Ghz) but the S800 in the Nexus 5 it's 2,26 Ghz (MSM8974AA).
Maybe you mean this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapdragon_(system_on_chip)#Snapdragon_800?

I have no issues with battery life ... I consistently get 14-20 hours of use with 3-5 hours of screen time or 2-3 hours of screen with 1-2 hours of voice.
Auto brightness, GPS on, nothing special.
Sent from my Nexus 5 using Tapatalk

Oh thank goodness, I saw some reviews saying it comes pre-throttled to save battery
Thanks

battery life is terrible but after some modification, it better a lot.
Sent from my Nexus 5 using Tapatalk

I get 24 hours and 5 to 6 screen time. Tweaked heavily with battery life in mind.
Its nearly as good as my Moto x.
Sent from my Nexus 5 using Tapatalk

Battery (screen time)

I have never used a 3k mAh battery(phone) before and now that i have i cant really see a big change here are the stats
1. 20% battery after 10 hours.
2. Screen time 5 hours.
3.call time 40 mins
4. I am connected to wifi all day so whenever my screen is on its either i am surfing net or using any other internet apps
5. No game played
These are the status for today (usually same other days too)
If anyone of u can take out some time to reply abt if ur guys are getting the same or almost same charge time or is it only me

Mine screem time always exceeds 6.30hrs and i play games

Between 5-6 hrs of screen-on time on all-day wifi, 20-30 mins of 2G calls, an hour of gaming, an hour of YouTube or music, and the rest of the time wasted on social networking & other apps, and in taking a LOT of photos.
There have been days where i've seen 7 hrs of SOT, but that was when the phone wasn't loaded with as many apps as it is now. Now its mostly around 5 hours on moderately heavy usage and just over 6 on days when i only text & browse the web.
Sent from my Mi 4i
Hit Thanks if I helped.

stivinnaura said:
Between 5-6 hrs of screen-on time on all-day wifi, 20-30 mins of 2G calls, an hour of gaming, an hour of YouTube or music, and the rest of the time wasted on social networking & other apps, and in taking a LOT of photos.
There have been days where i've seen 7 hrs of SOT, but that was when the phone wasn't loaded with as many apps as it is now. Now its mostly around 5 hours on moderately heavy usage and just over 6 on days when i only text & browse the web.
Sent from my Mi 4i
Hit Thanks if I helped.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Lol, its like we have identically usuage of phone

ruffain said:
I have never used a 3k mAh battery(phone) before and now that i have i cant really see a big change here are the stats
1. 20% battery after 10 hours.
2. Screen time 5 hours.
3.call time 40 mins
4. I am connected to wifi all day so whenever my screen is on its either i am surfing net or using any other internet apps
5. No game played
These are the status for today (usually same other days too)
If anyone of u can take out some time to reply abt if ur guys are getting the same or almost same charge time or is it only me
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
1.5 Days with full charge...

prasad12ka4 said:
1.5 Days with full charge...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Damn. But what kinda usage

ruffain said:
Damn. But what kinda usage
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Basic usage..
Calls, whats app, mails,....

Managed 7 hours screen on time with moderate usage.
- Mostly browsing on Wi-Fi
- Took over 80 photos
- 50 mins of calls on 2G
- All day Wi-Fi except while sleeping
This is just after the 6.5.5.0 update.
Hit Thanks :thumbup: if you found it useful!

stivinnaura said:
Yes i did notice really great difference in the screen time dont know if it was just me it did actually changed after the update
Click to expand...
Click to collapse

ruffain said:
stivinnaura said:
Yes i did notice really great difference in the screen time dont know if it was just me it did actually changed after the update
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Stats refer to pic were
1.5 hour youtube
1 hour call
Wifi almost all the time
Screen time was more then 6 hours
Click to expand...
Click to collapse

Battery usage- not effective
Dear friends,
I hear you all talking about battery usage, and i am wondering if anything is wrong with my phone.... who knows... but i would like to report that, yes , indeed the screen time is reaching the 5 hours but the battery has been reduced from 90% to 15% and only using facebook and videos and the music player!!!! OMG!!!! I Mean OMG!!!
Where did you came up with 5 hours with youtube plus gaming plus facebook plus talking plus plus ????
To my humble belief the battery needs to save more energy. !!!! At the moment i dont have any tool to monitor if all 8 processors are runnning at the same time, but i am pretty sure that they do run together for everything! BUT actually they dont need to run !!! Especially when the phone is used only for facebook webrowsing and all these applications.!!!!!
all cores must be triggered and be fully working when you are using high end graphic games and stuff! Why all this battery is running for such small applications @???@@@@!!!!!?????????
I am not sure if anyone knows any solution on how to deactivate all these cores, but if there is swomebody i would appreciate it if he really did as it is a pitty all this battery to go wasted JUST AND ONLY FOR the purpose of just alll 8 cores running at the same time WITHOUT ANY LOGICAL REASON!!!!
This phone has amazing poetntials!!!! AMAZING POTENTIALS if it to be reprogrammed and debloated by developers such as yourselfs!! If i knew how i would immediatelly start searching for a solution to all these issues!!! There are much more issues than that and for this phone specs the capabilities are being wasted!!! It needs to be debloated and may other things that will enable this phone to become a big GADGET in the market as a low cost and proper phone that it its!
Please for your replies
All the best
Bill

I have left this phone on overnight for 7 hours with WiFi and 4G connections, starting with 100% charge. Periodically my phone would have been checking for new podcasts but other than that it wasn't doing anything.
On my Moto G 4G, the battery dropped from 100 to 93%.
On the Mi 4i it only dropped to 97%, which could be the much larger battery, but it might also be the CPU returning quickly to a deep sleep state as it can finish tasks quicker.
In day to day usage I haven't found it hugely better in terms of battery life but I think that's because the screen is a lot larger and also has far more pixels which places a greater requirement on the GPU.
I use the GSam Battery Monitor app and have attached a screenshot from this as well as from the MiUi6/Android graph.

vrtsvas said:
Dear friends,
I hear you all talking about battery usage, and i am wondering if anything is wrong with my phone.... who knows... but i would like to report that, yes , indeed the screen time is reaching the 5 hours but the battery has been reduced from 90% to 15% and only using facebook and videos and the music player!!!! OMG!!!! I Mean OMG!!!
Where did you came up with 5 hours with youtube plus gaming plus facebook plus talking plus plus ????
To my humble belief the battery needs to save more energy. !!!! At the moment i dont have any tool to monitor if all 8 processors are runnning at the same time, but i am pretty sure that they do run together for everything! BUT actually they dont need to run !!! Especially when the phone is used only for facebook webrowsing and all these applications.!!!!!
all cores must be triggered and be fully working when you are using high end graphic games and stuff! Why all this battery is running for such small applications @???@@@@!!!!!?????????
I am not sure if anyone knows any solution on how to deactivate all these cores, but if there is swomebody i would appreciate it if he really did as it is a pitty all this battery to go wasted JUST AND ONLY FOR the purpose of just alll 8 cores running at the same time WITHOUT ANY LOGICAL REASON!!!!
This phone has amazing poetntials!!!! AMAZING POTENTIALS if it to be reprogrammed and debloated by developers such as yourselfs!! If i knew how i would immediatelly start searching for a solution to all these issues!!! There are much more issues than that and for this phone specs the capabilities are being wasted!!! It needs to be debloated and may other things that will enable this phone to become a big GADGET in the market as a low cost and proper phone that it its!
Please for your replies
All the best
Bill
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you have heard of overclocking and underclocking nywas yes u can tweak processor u need to root our phone for that there are lot of apps for that I don't remember the names rights now.
Sent from my Mi 4i using Tapatalk

Hi thanks
ruffain said:
If you have heard of overclocking and underclocking nywas yes u can tweak processor u need to root our phone for that there are lot of apps for that I don't remember the names rights now.
Sent from my Mi 4i using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi,
Wouldn't it be much more nicer though the fact of developing a new rom that the user will be able to do all these stuff ( i mean overclocking/underclocking, play with colors saturation and setting as well as eliminating all the process that prevent the phone from keeping the battery for 2 days! (that is even with wi fi use!)
Cause if you think about it , we are not far from previous low end generation phone that the used single core and much more less characteristics in order to run the exact same application on the same level, but in a lower graphics environment. Also look at samsung note 4 hibernation mode, that would be a development for this phone as well and keep the phone lasting for 30 days!
From one point of view we are talking with an open world of software, why not having these abilities why do we have to waste drain battery with no reason what so ever. ???
I think you know what short of improvements i am talking about and these would be accompanied perfectly with this phone specs.
what do you think guys?
i want your point of view, maybe i am not saying everything correctly.
Thanks

vrtsvas said:
Hi,
Wouldn't it be much more nicer though the fact of developing a new rom that the user will be able to do all these stuff ( i mean overclocking/underclocking, play with colors saturation and setting as well as eliminating all the process that prevent the phone from keeping the battery for 2 days! (that is even with wi fi use!)
Cause if you think about it , we are not far from previous low end generation phone that the used single core and much more less characteristics in order to run the exact same application on the same level, but in a lower graphics environment. Also look at samsung note 4 hibernation mode, that would be a development for this phone as well and keep the phone lasting for 30 days!
From one point of view we are talking with an open world of software, why not having these abilities why do we have to waste drain battery with no reason what so ever. ???
I think you know what short of improvements i am talking about and these would be accompanied perfectly with this phone specs.
what do you think guys?
i want your point of view, maybe i am not saying everything correctly.
Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes that would be nice and I guess ASOP roms have all those features wat you are asking about. A new rom would be nice but miui keeps on fixes minor bugs I don't think mi would provide us that rom in near future and noone really likes to wait so everyone roots their phone and tweaks it xposed framework is one of the best thing after rooting
Sent from my Mi 4i using Tapatalk

ruffain said:
Yes that would be nice and I guess ASOP roms have all those features wat you are asking about. A new rom would be nice but miui keeps on fixes minor bugs I don't think mi would provide us that rom in near future and noone really likes to wait so everyone roots their phone and tweaks it xposed framework is one of the best thing after rooting
Sent from my Mi 4i using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i have rooted my mi 4i but i cannot adjust only using two out of the eight cores for everything in order to achieve battery reduction.... there is non such application neither kernel development of any short hat allows you to change the kernel setting to how-many number of cores you would like.
But if you know any other way i would be most happy to hear about it my friend.

@vrtsvas
on what version ROM are you?

hi there
ruffain said:
@vrtsvas
on what version ROM are you?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i am on
android version : 5.0.2. lrx22g
miui version 6.5.6.0 (lximicd) stable
why are you asking this though? how does this relates to the core programming and usage, do you know any software to downclock and use only two cores only? that would be the benefit to the story,

vrtsvas said:
i am on
android version : 5.0.2. lrx22g
miui version 6.5.6.0 (lximicd) stable
why are you asking this though? how does this relates to the core programming and usage, do you know any software to downclock and use only two cores only? that would be the benefit to the story,
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well coz Dev ROM sucks the battery so I thought that might ur case yes u can under clock the processor and ur devices must be rooted for it since the kernel source is out I guess we shd wait for a new ROM i am sure someone would include that feature in the ROM
Sent from my Mi 4i using Tapatalk

If someone have root can use "Tweaks For Mi 4i . Fast Charge, No Lagging, Fix issues. For Any ROM" thread from en.miui page to get more standby. I used Tweak your cpu. Phone was coller and by night it used about 3%. Now on V7 I'm not sure it works but that ROM got a lot wakelocks from enything. By night it used 5%.

N985F/DS exynos version.

So I am one of the unlucky ones on the planet that has an exynos version and worst of all its the N985F/DS version (non 5G)
It's the same as the N986B while this had 5G.
I see roms and kernels for the N986... Can I still use those for mine?

Not having 5G may be a blessing; no parasitic battery drain. I wouldn't sweat that at all.
If still running on Android 10, stay with that version.
Stock Samsung's can run very well and the IU on Samsung's is excellent. You a package disabler to selectively weed out bloatware. If you optimize it, it should run great.
If not, plan B...

I have the HK Snapdragon version and the above still applies.
Run package disabler to kill unwanted apps, set screen res to FHD+ & 60hz.
5g kills the battery so it's a bonus your handset doesn't support it.
My battery life is absolutely amazing, but obviously the Exynos will not be as good.

kradcliffe said:
I have the HK Snapdragon version and the above still applies.
Run package disabler to kill unwanted apps, set screen res to FHD+ & 60hz.
5g kills the battery so it's a bonus your handset doesn't support it.
My battery life is absolutely amazing, but obviously the Exynos will not be as good.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What's your SOT for browser, and vids; battery % per hr? If you know it.

Not sure about SOT but my average daily usage over the past 7 days is 24%. Battery easily lasts 3 days. And that's with a Galaxy Watch 3 connected as well.

N10+Snapdragon running on P*
Browser SOT 7-8%@hr
Online vids 9-11%
At night with cell/internet active, tap on AOD >.5%@hr
I limit brightness to 50% or less. Google play Services, Playstore are disabled unless needed. Bt almost always on. Wifi and all cloud disabled.
I use Accubattery history and Gallay battery tracker to monitor usage.
I was curious how the N20U was doing.
Was considering getting a N20U.
What OS version are you running?
*Got a new N10+Snapdragon/Q recently, still testing it. It may have slightly better battery stats, not sure. Set up is near identical. The Notes are a lot of fun...

Guys. Much appreciative of your responses but I was asking more in the matter of flashing roms for the N986B on my N985F/DS and whether that's possible or not without bricking.

Hello,
I got the same issue, May I ask? How to fix it?

Question Real bad battery

Im having performance issues along with battery drainage. Snapdragon 8gen1

All those social media apps aren't helping... I never allow any on my devices for a number of reasons including security.

check this thread, also make sure you have 5G disabled (enable when you need it) but having %g enabled really hits battery, https://forum.xda-developers.com/t/...e-battery-performance-stability-heat.4376755/ I used much of the stuff on this thread and I'm getting 8 to 10 hrs SoT and 2 to 3 days between charges.

while you using this trash apps like FB, ingram, twitter, snapchat which are wakes-up your modem every 3 seconds to download useless update what your friends eat in restorants you will continue getting that bad battery time...
use ADB APP control app and remove all preinstalled apps which is spying on your phone
Debloat LISTS - S22 Ultra Series
Hey everyone, figure i start a thread on apps/etc that can be safely disabled, so that we can dial on on removing needless junk from our phones. I am currently running a Snapdragon S22 Ultra, SM-S908U 512GB (AT&T variant) so my list may vary...
forum.xda-developers.com
techie users can use PCAPdroid to see why your phone is drain battery

Iyad22 said:
Im having performance issues along with battery drainage. Snapdragon 8gen1
Click to expand...
Click to collapse

Settings _ HD+ , 60HZ.

[email protected] said:
Settings _ HD+ , 60HZ.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That will help; how much so be interesting to know. However I don't think that's the only cause of the excessive power consumption.
Social media apps suck battery on any phone they are on... especially if using 5G rather than 4G as Jostian pointed out.
Also display brightness really matters too. 30-40% is best, use manual brightness control.

[email protected] said:
Settings _ HD+ , 60HZ.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I bought a 2k display and 120 hz so i wont use them?
blackhawk said:
That will help; how much so be interesting to know. However I don't think that's the only cause of the excessive power consumption.
Social media apps suck battery on any phone they are on... especially if using 5G rather than 4G as Jostian pointed out.
Also display brightness really matters too. 30-40% is best, use manual brightness control.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Dude im using 4g and lighy use i had the s21 ultra before and i get aroung 5 h with heavy use and 6 to 7h with light use . This is not good at all . I had the 13 pro max for days and i had 10h sot

Iyad22 said:
I bought a 2k display and 120 hz so i wont use them?
Dude im using 4g and lighy use i had the s21 ultra before and i get aroung 5 h with heavy use and 6 to 7h with light use . This is not good at all . I had the 13 pro max for days and i had 10h sot
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I ain't no dude...
The really funny part is my N10+ gets better SOT than both of those. I use the hell out of 4G.
You are what you load nonetheless still pertains to your current dilemma. The S22U's hardware is more optimized for gaming it seems. Ironically Samsung deliberately throttle this at first.
High refresh rates are no big deal as far as I'm concerned but doubt that 60hz would even yield a 10% power savings, but you don't know until you try. Using the highest resolution also will eat another couple percent.
Lol, I keep Google play Services disabled most times for an extra 2%@SOT.

blackhawk said:
Also display brightness really matters too. 30-40% is best, use manual brightness control.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hello Blackhawk. I wonder if it makes a lot of difference between 30-40% manually and auto brightness. Did you compare that? Is it the sensor that makes the difference in battery usage when using auto brightness?

Droidphilev said:
Hello Blackhawk. I wonder if it makes a lot of difference between 30-40% manually and auto brightness. Did you compare that? Is it the sensor that makes the difference in battery usage when using auto brightness?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Auto brightness doesn't know how bright you need it to be. Many times it's too bright and that isn't beneficial for your retinas or battery life.