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I have recently purchased a Samsung Galaxy S2. I have the phone set up the way i like it but i wish to try different OS versions which will require rooting and wiping my phone so a few questions regarding backups:
1) Currently i have my gmail contacts and facebook contacts "linked" together. I believe this is only stored locally on my phone. Is there a way i can save all this contact info so when i log back in to my profile in the future it will all be seamlessly placed as it was.
2) Currently i have a whole batch of homescreens with icons and widgets and my applications screen with every app in a "folder" can i back these up exactly as they are?
3) Within various different applications there are different options or save games and various things like that, are these easily accessible and able to be backed up
4) Finally can i just do an "image" of my phone and if i wipe it and mess about then simply restore that image back to exactly how it was?
Cheers for any help
boxrick,
Can't answer specifically for the Galaxy S2 as I don't have it, and because Android is "pimped" in various ways by different device makers some of the homescreens/layouts are custom implemented, and best backed up by the methods appropriate for--or offered by--that device.
Having said that, if you are using Google market, a lot of stuff (like the apps obviously) is automatically saved with them. Or the apps themselves can be backed up with any good file manager, like Astro, to an SD card or via USB.
I can't answer you about the Gmail & Facebook contacts being "linked together", but from experience most items are stored in the Google Contacts data-fields and stored remotely in your Google account (and therefore restored from there straightaway)
I have multiple Android devices, and to tell you the truth I pretty much just copy everything "en-masse" to a hard drive. If you're rooted, it's fairly easy to pull down almost everything this way. You're just dealing with files and folders, just like on your regular computer (which is why I'm pretty much done with anything "black-box" like formerly iphone/ipad, btw )
If you're looking for a "set-it-and-forget-it" type app, I don't currently use any, but on my travels I've seen a few "names" tossed around with good reviews. You can research
MyBackup Pro
Sprite Backup
Those two are pretty well known full-blown-backup type apps. They're paid apps, but cheap.
I've heard of The Missing Sync which takes a different approach by syncing all your data to a Windows or Mac desktop for backup and also for re-distribution to other devices. Sort of like a "data-centralizer" type approach, which might be up your alley. I think the app runs about $40 though.
Finally, I do use the free LifeSaver 2 app for important SMS messages and call logs-- picked it up over at F-droid.org. It's for pretty specific data types, but it's this stuff that usually is the hardest to save (since I don't actually know where it is when I backup the entire root directory + subs & files).
Hope the above gives you some ideas. My general advice would be to research, read the boards, with special attention to the threads dedicated to the Galaxy S2, because the other users have gone before you
And btw, if you find something really cool (including if one of the apps above turn out to help you), make sure you come back and post your findings. I'm always on the lookout for a "gem" app that makes my life easier.
Good luck!
Apps: Titanium.
Data: MyBackup.
MyBackup does a much better job at saving your contacts than Google does. MyBackup restores them exactly as they were, Google often loses custom fields and messes up your contact names. Just look at the mess when you sync a contact called "Al's Pizza (open 'till midnight)" back from Google. It also gets the timestamps on SMSs right, which most competitors don't.
You could forget about Tit and backup your apps with MyB too, but then you miss out on all the different batch jobs that come with Tit.
There's one thing that all backup apps choke on: widgets. I always have to set 'em up again after a wipe/restore job.
Can't titanium backup both apps & data?
Titanium can backup user data, sort of.
Restoring user data with Tit is not as straightforward as with MyB. They should add a user data screen so you don't have to hunt for your data in a long list of apps.
One final question, if I was to change from Android Phone A to Android Phone B. Will these "apps" and backups be able to restored to a totally different phone?
rogier666 said:
There's one thing that all backup apps choke on: widgets. I always have to set 'em up again after a wipe/restore job.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
rogier, what widget app do you use? I use Elixir, and in it there's an option to export widget data. Search for the "edit widgets" button, click it and you'll be taken to a pane where all the widgets are replaceable. Below it, you'll see a "More" button--that's where the import/export widgets button is. After you export widgets settings (you have to type in a name for it), Elixir then saves that exact config. After flashing a ROM and restoring via Ti, you can then choose to add back your widgets via the "Import" button. Remember though: if you want to bring back a 5x5 widget, you have to choose "5x5" widget after long pressing on a blank space, otherwise the widget won't restore properly. With this, you can have as many widgets you want and not worry about the tedious process of reconstructing them after a restore.
do you have to use the paid for version of titanium?
boxrick said:
One final question, if I was to change from Android Phone A to Android Phone B. Will these "apps" and backups be able to restored to a totally different phone?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, you can with Google . Go to Settings --> Privacy --> Back up my data.
When you buy your new phone, select restore my data. At first you won't see any difference, but after a few hours your apps will be restored
Borat38 said:
rogier, what widget app do you use? I use Elixir...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Right now I've got Widgetsoid, DroidStats, Smooth Calendar, PlayerPro, DroidWall, Make Your Own Clock, and seNotes on my home screens.
Some widget apps have a backup option, some only come in one flavor (like DroidWall) so they don't really need a backup option. But others (like most notes widgets) don't have any backup option at all.
This is really annoying for the sticky notes widgets, because it's often impossible to remember what info you'd have to put back in them (which is why you wrote it in a note to begin with).
So I'd really like a one click option to back up and restore all my widgets.
thetinybus said:
do you have to use the paid for version of titanium?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nope, you don't. The free version backs up everything too. It just takes more clicks to restore your stuff.
The free version of MyBackup only restores to the same phone that it backed up, so if you want to use MyBackup to transfer your data to a new phone you'll need the paid version.
I have purchased MybackupPro. The problem is I am fairly confident it will not back up my linked contacts. Therefore I need to root my phone and use TI backup...
Id like to post here http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1125414&page=12 and find out about after unrooting, flashing back to the default kernel ( for warranty purposes ). Need 10 posts
Now it seems I am getting restrictions on the amount of times I am posting. This also doesn't help me much!
Yes! I've just gotten off the oncall rotation stint so I can mess with my phone again without getting worried but not receiving calls. I'm on Infused 1.6, bigtime disappointed about no GB love from ATT so I'm going to try S7.
However, I have a ton of paid and free apps and setups installed that I really don't want to lose. I've gotten through a ton of threads but there weren't any hard mention that the apps would stick around. I have religiously backed up using Titanium and even copied the files to my PC for safe keeping.
Q1. I presume I would have to reinstall all apps on S7 as my Froyo-based backups will be useless then?
Q1. If I need to fallback to Infused 1.6, can I just use GTG Ultimate Unbrick, get back to stock rooted and use the Ti backup files to get me back to the previous state? Like Ghost? And I'll get my widgets, unlocker, folder organizer, themes e.g. back ?
Thanks a bunch.
If u like the set up you have already , just go into Recovery. Back/Nandroid and your safe at any point to just return to the set up that you had. with your apps and contacts and what not.
you CAN use Titanium to restore to your New GB Rom just do not Restore System Data. Only restore missing apps and data.
other that you should be good bruh, Good luck.
Thanks. I've done my nandroid backup and have verified I can go into red CWM. I didn't realize but glad to know I can use my Tibu to restore my apps. I presume I will still need to manually re-setup any customization, unlocker, folder apps e.g. I was all set to do it this morning at work except I forgot my outlook-synced contacts and calendar will need to be re-entered so I'll hold off until I backed them up at home.
Just to be doubly sure, are my paid and free apps in the form that I can manually just copy to my PC as a backup and be able to copy back and install them? Much like the setup or install exes and folders on Windows? Some of my apps I've purchased from Amz, some from Mkt and others from brainapp.
Titanium will Bring over all your apps. Again, just DO NO restore SYSTEM data.
and as far as your pad apps, they should ALL be linked to your google account. so at any point just go into market, hit settings, My Apps and u can find them all in there.
Now that people have had the device for a few days, I was hoping their to headstart could help potential switchers and as the SR doesn't have it's own forum yet so I'm asking here.
Newbie alert!!!!
I am wondering how easy it will be to move from the Gs2 to the skyrocket? Basically any recommended ways of moving my apps, texts, pictures, etc to the SdCARD and back from the SdCard to the new phone? Contacts are synced with Google Contacts so no problems there, my main concern is with paid apps, I'd rather not pay for them again.
Can I back up apps via TiBU and restore them on the Skyrocket? Or can I just reinstall them on the new phone?
End of Newbie question!!!!
Paid apps are in your google account as well, you will be able to reinstall all your paid apps through the market (without repaying) by just signing in to your same google account.
The only thing you need to backup is your pictures/music.
Here's what I did to migrate to my Skyrocket from my Captivate:
*Duh Alert* Have your original phone rooted and Titanium Pro installed.
Original Phone
1. Backup APK & Data with Titanium.
2. Locate where backup directory is on your phone. Mine was \sdcard\TitaniumBackup
3. Mount original phone and copy backup directory to your computer.
New Hotness
1. Root that bad boy. Search the site, its here.
2. Install Titanium Pro from market.
3. Back up 1 app, pick something silly. That will create the backup directory.
4. Mount the new hotness and copy your saved directory from your computer to the Skyrocket.
5. Restore apps. I did one at a time cuz I didn't want everything installed on the new phone.
95% of the apps and data restored properly.
Simplistic, yes....but it works. Go forth and multiply.
If you want the smoothest experience on your Skyrocket, do NOT use a backup tool to bring over apps, just reinstall them from the Market.
Copying apps and app date with a tool like Titanium does and WILL cause some issues.
crawlgsx said:
If you want the smoothest experience on your Skyrocket, do NOT use a backup tool to bring over apps, just reinstall them from the Market.
Copying apps and app date with a tool like Titanium does and WILL cause some issues.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
To partially agree with you I tried using MyBackUp Pro and almost everything failed. That's what I deserve for buying that one first back in the day. BUT....Titanium worked great. All of my paid apps were as good as gold.
Plus, if you want your saved data, wouldn't you have to use a backup tool?
gheck911 said:
To partially agree with you I tried using MyBackUp Pro and almost everything failed. That's what I deserve for buying that one first back in the day. BUT....Titanium worked great. All of my paid apps were as good as gold.
Plus, if you want your saved data, wouldn't you have to use a backup tool?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If your just trying to backup like game saves then sometimes. A lot of times that data can be backed up by just mounting your sdcard to your computer and copying the files. Some games do save the data in funny locations so you do need (easier) to use something like Titanium, but you are always better off starting from as scratch as possible to avoid issues later.
Moving an app to save you from entering your login info for example, is just a bad idea. Most apps have no real data to backup, simple 2 second settings etc....
crawlgsx said:
If you want the smoothest experience on your Skyrocket, do NOT use a backup tool to bring over apps, just reinstall them from the Market.
Copying apps and app date with a tool like Titanium does and WILL cause some issues.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i have found that most issues with TiBu are do to you trying to restore System Information......i used tibu to restore my apps on the Skyrockert. i just picked APPS only with out system data.
worked fine i have not seen a hickup on any device or install after a flash of new Rom.
the2rrell said:
i have found that most issues with TiBu are do to you trying to restore System Information......i used tibu to restore my apps on the Skyrockert. i just picked APPS only with out system data.
worked fine i have not seen a hickup on any device or install after a flash of new Rom.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
+1
TiBu works great, usually, for restoring NON-System apps and their data.
Avoid restoring system apps/data.
Also, if you do happen to run into a problem with a particular restored app, all you need to do is uninstall/reinstall it and then use TiBu to restore the "data only" for that app.
This has always worked for me.
y?
Its basically the same phone, screen tiny bit bigger and it edges r round, and the. 3 faster CPU is not noticeable, and if u don't live in the handful of citys that have lte network what's the point by the time LTE gets fully activated skyrocket will be old phone something way better out, now if u didn't have the gs2 already if say hell ya but since u do wasted money IMO
UNROOTED!
I know titanium backup was always the best in the past but not sure if the last few years found better options for my S6 Verizon or if phones have better built-in backups. I think TB required root but i dont have that on my stupid S6 verizon. Otherwise, what other options do i have?
A guide would be appreciated, as I am afossil in the XDA world now!
I definitely want my photos/vids, my contacts (should be with google), texts, wifi/pws (thought it seems when I hit "Reset all settings" that it wiped them all, despite having "Backup to google" checked...), apps, etc all restored afterwards if possible.
drcrappants said:
UNROOTED!
I know titanium backup was always the best in the past but not sure if the last few years found better options for my S6 Verizon or if phones have better built-in backups. I think TB required root but i dont have that on my stupid S6 verizon. Otherwise, what other options do i have?
A guide would be appreciated, as I am afossil in the XDA world now!
I definitely want my photos/vids, my contacts (should be with google), texts, wifi/pws (thought it seems when I hit "Reset all settings" that it wiped them all, despite having "Backup to google" checked...), apps, etc all restored afterwards if possible.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Simple one I would suggest is Samsung SmartSwitch. It pretty much backsup everything.
But for example. if you have any game data stored on your device. It doesnt backup. and if it doesn't backup WhastApp chat back up data as well.
I would suggest a twrp/cwm backup is the best.
Orelse use a USB OTG pendrive to simply copy paste all the files and folders required.But you will need to restore everything
And Samsung Cloud is the best option for backup and restore as of now. For cloud services upto 15 GB after that you will have to pay for the services
My wife and I are awaiting our pixel 7 pro phones to arrive. I'd like to start the backup process and be prepared for as much of a seamless switch as possible.
She has a Galaxy note 8 and I have a rooted pixel 2xl. We will be backing up via the stock Google backup process. This gets 80%+ of what we need, but if there's a good way to backup and restore pics, messages, app data not covered under a Google backup, and more stuff I'm not thinking of I'd love to hear about it.
I've read that transferring data from the old phone to the new over the adapter and cord can make the new phone inexplicably have bad battery drain issues for a long time after the data transfer. Because of this it's recommended that over air backups be completed.
For my wife's stock Galaxy note 8 is a swift backup and restore via swfitbackup on her new p7p recommended? What are my options given I'm on a rooted phone? Is there any more thorough backup and restore I can do through swift backup, titanium backup, or other methods? The only times I've ever restored from Titanium backup it was incomplete and I was dissatisfied. I'm note sure what I did wrong.
My thread in general, but you could start with Post #7 - My personal advice for how to get your device back up and running as you had it before a factory reset
Have fun with your new phones when you get them!
Always start mostly fresh. When you restore the Google backup, edit the default options and remove settings and apps from the restore process and you should be fine but if you restore your full backup, you're probably going to have issues, especially for your wife that's not coming from a Pixel.
Its not just the cord but *any* backup that can restore things that muck up the phone, restoring settings in particular, but app data can be a problem too.
EtherealRemnant said:
Always start mostly fresh. When you restore the Google backup, edit the default options and remove settings and apps from the restore process and you should be fine but if you restore your full backup, you're probably going to have issues, especially for your wife that's not coming from a Pixel.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Remove settings and apps? Did you mean app data? If I don't restore the apps there's really no point in a restore is there?
EtherealRemnant said:
Always start mostly fresh. When you restore the Google backup, edit the default options and remove settings and apps from the restore process and you should be fine but if you restore your full backup, you're probably going to have issues, especially for your wife that's not coming from a Pixel.
Its not just the cord but *any* backup that can restore things that muck up the phone, restoring settings in particular, but app data can be a problem too.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I just want to point out that my wife and I have been restoring app data from Google's backup for 6+ years on (5? 6?) devices for each of us and have never had any problems. In two cases (only one for my wife), going to a Samsung device, and also once in each of our cases, going from a Samsung to Pixel.
Restore by cord I agree is a mistake. But just because Google's cloud restore works so much better and more complete.
For the record, I used Swift Backup (and SMS Backup) yesterday to move my apps from my 4 XL to my 7 Pro (both rooted). It worked fine. Some apps asked me to sign in again but settings remained intact for the most part.
I'll see how things are in the coming days but so far, so good.
Ghisy said:
For the record, I used Swift Backup (and SMS Backup) yesterday to move my apps from my 4 XL to my 7 Pro (both rooted). It worked fine. Some apps asked me to sign in again but settings remained intact for the most part.
I'll see how things are in the coming days but so far, so good.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sms backup is part of the Google backup isn't it?
Schroeder09 said:
Sms backup is part of the Google backup isn't it?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nah, I always use SMSBackupandRestore. This app has never let me down since the beginning of Android!
SMS Backup & Restore - Apps on Google Play
A simple app that backs up and restores SMS & MMS messages and call logs.
play.google.com
Schroeder09 said:
Sms backup is part of the Google backup isn't it?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, it is. I confirm I have texts in my Google Messages app going back to December, which I recall was when I factory reset my P6P by mistake by accidentally leaving the "-w" in the flash-all.bat, and I have never been too concerned with restoring SMS since I mainly use Google Voice (which keeps things forever no matter what), so whether I allow the cloud restore of SMS when setting up a device fresh is 50/50 for me.
Mod Edit: Quoted Post Deleted
SMS Backup and Restore is a 3rd party app designed to specifically backup and restore all your SMS text messages because in years past the default Google backup did not do this. I have used it many times myself. However, even though I recommend a fresh install to mitigate any potential bugs, you have stated that you have done several restores to new phones without incident. I also did a Google restore on my 7 Pro without incident AND all my texts came back automatically so it appears as if Google backup is now working properly. So go ahead and let the backup return. You "should" be OK. YMMV
Schroeder09 said:
Remove settings and apps? Did you mean app data? If I don't restore the apps there's really no point in a restore is there?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The restore would still copy over texts and call logs and such but you are correct, it would be largely a clean install. This has *always* been the recommendation when moving to a new phone. Clean slate = least amount of issues. Added bonus, you get rid of apps you don't even use anymore and get a more streamlined setup.
roirraW edor ehT said:
I just want to point out that my wife and I have been restoring app data from Google's backup for 6+ years on (5? 6?) devices for each of us and have never had any problems. In two cases (only one for my wife), going to a Samsung device, and also once in each of our cases, going from a Samsung to Pixel.
Restore by cord I agree is a mistake. But just because Google's cloud restore works so much better and more complete.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Cord or cloud shouldn't really matter as it should be the same settings and app data, just a faster restore with the cord and the copying of some files from storage. Not everyone has problems either but if you don't want to have to potentially set everything back up a second time, it's always good to start with a clean slate if you have the patience to do so.
Schroeder09 said:
My wife and I are awaiting our pixel 7 pro phones to arrive. I'd like to start the backup process and be prepared for as much of a seamless switch as possible.
She has a Galaxy note 8 and I have a rooted pixel 2xl. We will be backing up via the stock Google backup process. This gets 80%+ of what we need, but if there's a good way to backup and restore pics, messages, app data not covered under a Google backup, and more stuff I'm not thinking of I'd love to hear about it.
I've read that transferring data from the old phone to the new over the adapter and cord can make the new phone inexplicably have bad battery drain issues for a long time after the data transfer. Because of this it's recommended that over air backups be completed.
For my wife's stock Galaxy note 8 is a swift backup and restore via swfitbackup on her new p7p recommended? What are my options given I'm on a rooted phone? Is there any more thorough backup and restore I can do through swift backup, titanium backup, or other methods? The only times I've ever restored from Titanium backup it was incomplete and I was dissatisfied. I'm note sure what I did wrong.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This post/topic makes me feel nostalgic....
It makes me sore for the days we could do nandroid TWRP backups (back in the days from the Pixel 2 XL, like the OP). I found, if tweaked right, those backups saved absolutely everything -- from wallpapers, icon placements, widgets, apps & settings, anything and everything! It was like a literal snapshot of the phone at the time of backup. I messed up my phone a bunch of times, and relied on those backups and would restore and would never miss a beat!
I used to swear by SMS Backup & Restore (from Droid 1 to Galaxy S5, I have texts still from 2012), but (please correct me if I'm wrong), it's not able to save MMS's and RCS (particularly & obviously, because it's totally different technology). I think it even states that in the app on its limitations...so that's something that should be considered when using that to back up -- that you may want to be sure that whatever backup method you use, it saves the MMS's (pictures, audio files, stickers, bitmoji's, etc.)....
I've found Swift is/does well enough. I could be wrong, but I don' t think it backups like Titanium though where you can have different versions and backups of the same app -- I haven't looked hard at the settings or backup, but I couldn't find a way to restore an app at different certain stages. I couldn't get the wallpaper (picture/image) to save correctly on Swift as well...But it is great at supported split apks and "extended media" like .obb files (for games I believe).... Using the phone transfer cord and Swift seems to be comparable as it seems both my messages stated to transfer 2GBs worth, while Swift compressed it to 500MB, it seemed to save the 10s of thousands of texts I have been carrying with me for a decade...
simplepinoi177 said:
This post/topic makes me feel nostalgic....
It makes me sore for the days we could do nandroid TWRP backups (back in the days from the Pixel 2 XL, like the OP). I found, if tweaked right, those backups saved absolutely everything -- from wallpapers, icon placements, widgets, apps & settings, anything and everything! It was like a literal snapshot of the phone at the time of backup. I messed up my phone a bunch of times, and relied on those backups and would restore and would never miss a beat!
I used to swear by SMS Backup & Restore (from Droid 1 to Galaxy S5, I have texts still from 2012), but (please correct me if I'm wrong), it's not able to save MMS's and RCS (particularly & obviously, because it's totally different technology). I think it even states that in the app on its limitations...so that's something that should be considered when using that to back up -- that you may want to be sure that whatever backup method you use, it saves the MMS's (pictures, audio files, stickers, bitmoji's, etc.)....
I've found Swift is/does well enough. I could be wrong, but I don' t think it backups like Titanium though where you can have different versions and backups of the same app -- I haven't looked hard at the settings or backup, but I couldn't find a way to restore an app at different certain stages. I couldn't get the wallpaper (picture/image) to save correctly on Swift as well...But it is great at supported split apks and "extended media" like .obb files (for games I believe).... Using the phone transfer cord and Swift seems to be comparable as it seems both my messages stated to transfer 2GBs worth, while Swift compressed it to 500MB, it seemed to save the 10s of thousands of texts I have been carrying with me for a decade...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
All those texts have been migrated from your various texting apps to the Google messages app you use now? That'd be awesome to retain all those. I search for OLD stuff quote a bit, but it seems some stuff disappears.
Ghisy said:
Nah, I always use SMSBackupandRestore. This app has never let me down since the beginning of Android!
SMS Backup & Restore - Apps on Google Play
A simple app that backs up and restores SMS & MMS messages and call logs.
play.google.com
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I second this. Been using this since the really really old days when it was 2 apps in the OG Android days. It can even auto backup to Google Drive everyday and restore from it just as easy.
If you have access to a computer, you could just copy everything and go through the folders bit by bit, or upload them somewhere(Google Photos, Dropbox, Mega, etc) temporarily and put them on your new device.
Whenever I clean flash my phone's, I restore text messages once in awhile but pretty much always start clean and download apps as I find the need for them rather than bulk downloading them all.
Schroeder09 said:
All those texts have been migrated from your various texting apps to the Google messages app you use now? That'd be awesome to retain all those. I search for OLD stuff quote a bit, but it seems some stuff disappears.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I used SMS Backup & Restore in its infancy back on my Droid 1 days (2012)...and had been migrating each backup after every upgrade up to the S5. I did have a lot of success with TWRP nandroid backups, but I don't think I successfully used it to migrate to a phone upgrade; also it's not an option to the Pixel 7 anyways. Then when I transferred to the Pixel 2 from the S5, I found the transfer tool (via cord) transferred everything perfectly. I went from that to the Pixel 5 to the Pixel 7 now, and it seemed to transfer everything.
It seems the app now makes sure to backup MMS pictures and audio and other media, which it wasn't stable or fully capable back then (which is why I had stopped backing my texts up using it). But a lot of people are swearing by it and that was my go-to back in the day, so I'm sure it's a great tool for transferring texts.
I always used Verizon Messages and it used to transfer well enough, except for this time -- I doubt you use this app, not many do. Verizon Messages was able to detect all the texts, but it couldn't migrate/detect the MMS messages transferred. Again, I doubt you (or anyone) uses the app, but if you do, know that it is lacking or buggy.
I liked to use it though because it supposedly stores texts for 3 months on their server, they'll accept texts even if the device can't receive signal, and will update/resend it when the device can connect, and I kinda liked their interface and how you can apply colors to conversation bubbles...