Service / URL to test WiFi connectivity - General Questions and Answers

I'm trying to find the URL and/or process used to detect if a Android (7.1.1/7.1.2) has connectivity to the internet.
For instance, I'm connected to wifi at a airport, and confirmed that I have authenticated, however, Android detects that it isn't connected to the internet. What does Android connect to in order to verify if it has internet access, and what service is it using?

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Problems Connecting to Wifi

Any time that I connect to a wifi network that requires its own security login or w/e (i.e. at Borders/Barnes and Nobles, Panera) I can connect to it fine the first time and it will go to the certification site thing that those wifi hotspots require. However, if my phone goes to sleep or I try to connect to that same network later on, the certificate site will not load up and I will not have an internet connection.
Is anyone having these problems and is there any solution for this?

connect to wifi device without losing cellular data

ok so im working on a wireless project, and there is 1 thing i need to check into...
let me start by saying what i have, and the goal....
1. I am using a "Router/Wifi AP" that has no internet, but it has a laptop connected to it... side note: Laptop has DHCP service..
2. Laptop produces a camera feed.. that streams to a IP (android cellphone) over UDP inside the "internet-less local area network";
ok, so the goal is to "connect to the wifi device without losing cellular data (to access google maps and other APIs)"
PROBLEM: when i connect to WiFi(internet-less local area network) on android device,, it does not use Cellular data to connect to internet/APIs
is there any special network ranges that allow the android device to connect to cellular data when connected to a wifi(with no internet)?

Using internet while connected to local WIFI

I have an RV that allows me to control everything their their app as long as I am connected to the RV's local WIFI network (which doesn't provide internet).
It is obviously a terrible design as I cannot access the internet if I want to stay connected to it.
I know that about the "Switch to mobile data" option, but this doesn't work as this disconnects me from that WIFI connection. So that means I actually have to put the connection as a "Network exception" if I want it to stay connected.
Is there any work around to stay connected to a WIFI connection, but use mobile data when on that connection?
(Samsung note 10+ Android 12)
Always thought
a carrier's cellular network ( a radio network distributed over land ) is used when sending / receiving mobile data,
an internet service provider's network ( accessable via router / access point ) is used when sending / receiving data to / from internet.
All Android apps have a default network. The system decides which should be the default network.
It depends on app's configuration what connections - if available - are to be used - even simultaneously.

Can't access home network when phone is usb tethered?

My android phone is usually on wifi at home. My laptop has some wifi chip/antennae issues so I have to either connect to the network via a lan port or, alternatively, use android phone usb tethering. If I am connected via the latter, on the laptop I observe that I cannot connect to the router network - I cannot even access the router login page.
I don't know a simple term for this feature. I guess it works like a network switch. But is there any app that, when enabled would help me connect my laptop (when usb-tethered) to the wifi network?

Connectivity check and network assessment question

Hello,
I hope you can help me with the following questions:
When you connect to a WLAN, Android automatically determines whether it has an internet connection.
If no internet connection is detected, you are still connected to the WLAN (or a message is displayed that there is no internet connection and whether the connection should be maintained), but the data traffic is routed exclusively via the mobile network.
Now I have a network device that sends out its own WLAN but does not have Internet access itself. When I connect to its WLAN, I still cannot access the device because it recognises that no Internet connection is possible via this WLAN. Only when I explicitly switch off the mobile data can I access the device via the WLAN.
So I did some research to find out what mechanism underlies this behaviour.
What I have already been able to find out is the following:
When connecting to a WLAN, Android checks the accessibility of https://connectivitycheck.gstatic.com/generate_204. If this URL is accessible, data is also sent.
If this URL is available, data traffic is also routed via the WLAN.
So I reproduced the URL using these instructions and made it accessible locally via a redirection at my DNS server.
Now a connection to the device is actually possible via the WLAN without having to explicitly switch off the mobile data.
However, Android still recognises that no internet access is possible via the WLAN.
As I understand it, this should not be the case, since I am simulating existing access via the reconstructed connectivity check URL.
So there seem to be other mechanisms here that check the internet connection.
How exactly is connectivity checked on Android?
Can anyone tell me what other mechanisms exist here and how they can be simulated?
The second question I have also concerns the WLAN.
When I am connected to a Wi-Fi network, Android sometimes reports that the quality is low even though the Wi-Fi reception is excellent and the signal strength is also displayed as "very good".
I don't have any network rating provider active in Android.
How does Android determine that the quality is low and how can I prevent this check?
What criteria are used to rate networks without a network rating provider set up?
For completeness:
In the developer options of my smartphone, the setting "Mobile data usage always activated" is of course active.

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