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Hi All,
I wonder if you may be able to help. This morning we discovered one of our S7 phones was a black screen with solid blue light. It seemed completely unresponsive to touch, wouldn't wake. etc. The home, volume and power buttons seemed to do nothing. I plugged the phone into the computer, it didn't pick up a USB device.
Phone is stock from EE in the UK. No custom anything. Model: SM-930F 32GB.
EE and Samsung couldn't suggest anything to help.
We tried Power + Volume Down - This results in one of the following;
A (A battery with the current fill %) this happens when plugged in
B (Samsung Galaxy S7 powered by android) loading screen which then cycles or returns to a black screen with solid blue LED
We also tried Power + Volume Down + Home button. This does load the Warning screen about using a custom OS.
We have next day replacement warranty on the phone, i don't need to fix this phone. We only want to try and recovered some data and photos
Any help appreciated.
Kind Regards.
Shannaramoon said:
Hi All,
I wonder if you may be able to help. This morning we discovered one of our S7 phones was a black screen with solid blue light. It seemed completely unresponsive to touch, wouldn't wake. etc. The home, volume and power buttons seemed to do nothing. I plugged the phone into the computer, it didn't pick up a USB device.
Phone is stock from EE in the UK. No custom anything. Model: SM-930F 32GB.
EE and Samsung couldn't suggest anything to help.
We tried Power + Volume Down - This results in one of the following;
A (A battery with the current fill %) this happens when plugged in
B (Samsung Galaxy S7 powered by android) loading screen which then cycles or returns to a black screen with solid blue LED
We also tried Power + Volume Down + Home button. This does load the Warning screen about using a custom OS.
We have next day replacement warranty on the phone, i don't need to fix this phone. We only want to try and recovered some data and photos
Any help appreciated.
Kind Regards.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi, try turning off the App Power saving mode!! i had these problems also and it was caused by a app that cant handle the always on setting so when you use that app and then turn the phone in standby it will cause the freeze/black screen
Were you ever able to fix this problem? I just had it happen to me and I'm in the same situation.
This just happened to me. After an hour spent with tier II tech support, no progress.
You need to let the phone die completely. Once it's dead (and the blue light) is no longer dead, plug the phone into an OEM walk charger. In my situation,my s7 edge would vibrate to recognize the charge, than reset - before it could even build up a charge (so I thought). I left it alone for an hour or so, and amazingly, it booted up like normal.
Good luck!
I have this problem. How long will it take the battery to drain from fully charged with just the blue light on.
This just happened to me as well. I hope draining the battery works. This occurred when my battery drained and the phone turned off. When I tried to turn it back on after letting it charge for a few minutes it looked like it started to boot, then went to a black screen with a solid blue light. No button combination has any effect.
EDIT: Waiting until the battery died and then attempting to charge the phone has had no effect. No combination of keys has an any effect, either.
EDIT #2: I've taken my phone into the Verizon store. They tell me it's an issue with software and the phone is dead. They said this is "rare". Considering what I see here, I can't say how rare I find it. I have insurance, so they're replacing it, but now they're not keeping up their end of the deal on when the replacement phone will be delivered.
Flash it!
I had the exact same symptoms. What did the trick for me was draining out the battery and then fully charging it, WITHOUT TURNING ON the phone. If you do turn it on, you need to drain it out again. When the phone was fully charged I booted up the download mode and flashed the stock firmware with Odin. That was it, my Galaxy S7 was fully functioning again.
Hope this helps someone out there.
Just experienced kinda the same problem.
S7 died overnight on the charger. I was lucky to wake up on my own.
Just blue led.
I let it drain out over the day so it turned off (vol- + power no working).
Charged it a bit and try to go to recovery: loaded recovery but completely frozen.
I let it drain again and recharged it after it turned off.
Then I went to DL mode and reflashed latest carrier stock rom. AP. CP. BL. CSC. All.
Flashed fine! After rebooting it said "erasing...", rebooted and is back to the blue led only.
Strongly suggesting a hw issue at this point.
I'll let it drain again, fully recharge it, flash a non branded stock rom. If that wont work i'll probably need to bring it to my carrier on monday. Too bad its friday...
//Phone is r.i.p. even after a re flash of stock fw with full battery it only boots to blue led.
//Phone even deader. No more response in any way.
(some time later)
//Just received the repair report. The mainboard and some minor components were replaced under warranty even though my phone was rooted. Good thing for me it never turned on again.
Hi yall and Happy New 2017 to all comrades
Gentleman,
I have an annoying issue with my Xperia Z5. Yesterday I finally agreed to let the automatic update commence after post-poning the damn thing for a week. Started at 48% of battery, the phone switched of and underwent with the system update installation as usual. Nothing extraordinary throughout the the whole process - the progress bar filled up all the way to 100% and the Sony attempted a reboot. Unluckly the reboot did not happen. Blank black screen with no signs of life in it whatsoever.. Holding down the Power Button doesn`t change anything. Holding down the Power Button + Volume up / Volume down (any kind of combinations with these three) doesn`t work as well. Sticking the charger in is the only thing that makes a little difference where the LED will start flashing red periodically , but not holding solid red light as it would have been charging. Holding down the Power Button until the charger is plugged makes the led solid red, but as soon as I let go on the button the light vanishes too..
This has been well frustrating already. I tried to hook it up to Sony Companion (their mumbo-jumbo soft for sony devices~pc) but no life doctor, I read no pulls.
My phone is not rooted and was carrying the stock Android Marshmallow (don`t even now the version).
I used to root every single device I had since 2012 with that including HTC Sensation XE, HTC HD2 convertion from Windows to Android, Samsung Galaxy S2, Samsung Galaxy S3. With this beauty i decided to take the other way of keeping things simple and just for the sake of my social life and my miss, as I get pretty addicted once it comes to custom ROMs and such. Put in other words - although I don`t want to go there I would if needed to get my phone back to life, as I start work back tomorrow and half of my job is receiving 60+ calls and emails and i`m kinda f*ck#d without my smartphone. Unfortunately I do not own any other device which would cover me for the time being nor friend that would help.. - im friendless
Anybody ? Resurrection ideas plleaaaaasseeee
Is it enter fastboot or flashmode?
If no,what happened if you connect it to computer.
Same thing happened to me when upgrading from .253 to .305 last October...
I was at 60% and left the phone charging while it updated and then the phone just died.
No way to boot, red LED when plugged in to charge and not detected by any computers, so no possibility to fastboot...
Also fully stock, but makes me miss my old rooted HTC M7...
Contacted Sony and was told that I would have to ship it to Singapore and pay both ways and for repairs (which would cost the same as a new Z5), so i just bought a new E6603 for my sister and took her E6653. Sony rep also told me not to update from OTA, but to use Xperia Companion. Seriously?!To provide OTA's but we're not supposed to use the?! I ran CM Nightlies on my M7 for over a year and never had any issues with OTA builds/dirty flashes!
Probably won't be buying another Sony phone (for myself or any friends or relatives) after this. You kill my phone with your update and then tell me that you wont cover the repair/replacement?!
just flash newest fimrware using flashtool, probably destoryed boot.img nothing serious
meho123 said:
just flash newest fimrware using flashtool, probably destoryed boot.img nothing serious
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ok, I`m willing to try that. Any chance you could advise me to solid working flashtool and a thread with a step by step bootloader unlocking + flash + root guidance ?
Try first if your phone can goes to flashmod/fastboot
If your pc detect your phone as QHUSB_DLOAD than it's a hardbrick and a motherboard replacement is needed, next time NEVER use ota on a rooted/unlocked bootloader
What i can say is that yourdevie is fota bricked
Edit: similar case :https://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1126358
If your phone can enter fastboot/flashmod this is no big deal, just flash a new firmware the one you want with flashtool but by excess of prudence check all case in wipe section before flashing, now you'll be good to go, you'll just have to set all you thinks back, but I guess you prefere this to a dead phone
Mario_Shinobi said:
Ok, I`m willing to try that. Any chance you could advise me to solid working flashtool and a thread with a step by step bootloader unlocking + flash + root guidance ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
http://www.flashtool.net/downloads.php download latest
i will help you in unlocking
Just to make something clear - I haven`t done anything to the Sony software-wise. It is as stock as it could be and all locked.
I will attempt to run it over the weekend as i`m tide on resting time lately.
Cheers for your help guys
Hi,
Good luck, my E6683 has the same problem last november no way to repai it.
Tell me if you find a solution.
My OPO is having a reboot issue, was on cos13, cm14.1 and ubuntu with mutirom,
Symptoms
1. the phone stays on if connected to a charger or powerbank.
and without charger it bootloops at the 1+ logo
2. in switched off state, when charger is connected the battery sometimes shows 0% and increases to 100%
3. with charger i entered cm recovery, removed the charger, the phone stayed all night long with cm recovery menu display on.
after draining the battery, i plugged back charger and the phone in switched off state did show the regular charging animation and took the usual time to full charge.
after full charge I removed the charger, tried to power on the phone boot loops at 1+ logo.
4. without charger it can enter fastboot mode.
5. with charger it can boot into os, shows charging, led lit up, but after removing charger it won't stay long, also if opening camera it turns off.
6. even on powerbank it can boot up and stay switched on. and work normally (camera etc anything)
(7. while turned off and on charger the animation shows charging but the top led isn't on.) - I don't remember it lighting up on charging while switched off
8. the night before this issue occured, my phone rebooted twice while watching youtube. and in the previous nights also I noticed battery dropping overnight.
what all I tried,
1. fastboot flashed cos, - not solved
2. flashed using Qualcomm USB port tool - not solved.
3. ran the make_ext4fs /dev/block/mmcblk0p15 command in twrp. - not solved.
4. erased and flashed persist.img - not solved.
so what could be the problem, opo is now my secondary phone, now using op3 as primary.
The battery is at its end of its life....replace the battery and all your problem will be gone...
you're not the only one that have experiences this problem (i have seen more then 10 people having the same problem)...last year and this year there a lot of people having bootloop problem due to dying battery...factory reset, flash stock rom and etc won't help you solved this problem...
i personally have this problem last year and after i replace the battery all my problem gone...i think Oneplus made OPO batteries only lasted for 2 and a half year....
iPusak Gaoq™ said:
The battery is at its end of its life....replace the battery and all your problem will be gone...
you're not the only one that have experiences this problem (i have seen more then 10 people having the same problem)...last year and this year there a lot of people having bootloop problem due to dying battery...factory reset, flash stock rom and etc won't help you solved this problem...
i personally have this problem last year and after i replace the battery all my problem gone...i think Oneplus made OPO batteries only lasted for 2 and a half year....
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
thanks for the reply i guessed that, but still wasn't sure, can it be also due to any issues to board, anyway since i've done with flashing and all i'll try an OP service center, and hope it won't costs me big.
jnraj said:
thanks for the reply i guessed that, but still wasn't sure, can it be also due to any issues to board, anyway since i've done with flashing and all i'll try an OP service center, and hope it won't costs me big.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nope it is not issues with the motherboard but batteries...the phone can be turn on like normal when charger is connected and goes into bootloop once the charger is disconnected....its a clear sign that the battery is dying...when it connected to the charger, it may look like the battery is full but it is not...just buy a new battery and all your problem will be gone...you can try flashing lot of rom, revert to stock or whatever you do in fastboot but it ain't gonna help you...it might boot normally but within an hour it will goes back to bootloop....
like i said before i was on the same pages as you last year...all the flashing stuff didn't work until i replace the battery....there no issues with the motherboard whatsoever....my phone still work atm without any bootloop problem...
feel free to go to OP services center if you want, if they tell you it was a motherboard issues then you have been screwed by the services center by repairing something that is still in good condition and you gonna pay more then just a batteries afterwards...
iPusak Gaoq™ said:
Nope it is not issues with the motherboard but batteries...the phone can be turn on like normal when charger is connected and goes into bootloop once the charger is disconnected....its a clear sign that the battery is dying...when it connected to the charger, it may look like the battery is full but it is not...just buy a new battery and all your problem will be gone...you can try flashing lot of rom, revert to stock or whatever you do in fastboot but it ain't gonna help you...it might boot normally but within an hour it will goes back to bootloop....
like i said before i was on the same pages as you last year...all the flashing stuff didn't work until i replace the battery....there no issues with the motherboard whatsoever....my phone still work atm without any bootloop problem...
feel free to go to OP services center if you want, if they tell you it was a motherboard issues then you have been screwed by the services center by repairing something that is still in good condition and you gonna pay more then just a batteries afterwards...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have almost exactly the same problem. The thing is I cannot find a way to enter multirom recovery even on a charger. When on a charger it tries to boot into my primary rom but gets stuck on it endlessly.
Are you sure its the battery? I mean, mine charges to 100% when plugged in and doesnt seem to have any problem with charging. Mine did it a few days ago, it went into a bootloop for no reason. I havent touched anything for a year and it happened so randomly and lost everything I had on it...
MetalmanIX said:
I have almost exactly the same problem. The thing is I cannot find a way to enter multirom recovery even on a charger. When on a charger it tries to boot into my primary rom but gets stuck on it endlessly.
Are you sure its the battery? I mean, mine charges to 100% when plugged in and doesnt seem to have any problem with charging. Mine did it a few days ago, it went into a bootloop for no reason. I havent touched anything for a year and it happened so randomly and lost everything I had on it...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes i'm sure of it...i have seen more then 10 opo user in my country that have the same problem as me and when they all replace the battery after my suggestion...all their problem go away without having reflash anything...
Sent from my A0001 using Tapatalk
iPusak Gaoq™ said:
Yes i'm sure of it...i have seen more then 10 opo user in my country that have the same problem as me and when they all replace the battery after my suggestion...all their problem go away without having reflash anything...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hey dude Thanks a lot... I was facing exactly same issue for last 2 days... I bought OPO on Dec 5 th 2014... I think its battery only works 2 years...
@iPusak Gaoq™, tried to get a suitable battery online but the shipping charge killed most deals, some were even counterfeits, so finally I decided to visit an op service centre, they replaced the battery with a new one, now my OPO is good as new. thanks again.
I was just going to post, about my issue, but the forum suggested your post. I read the first post, and yes, I am facing the exact same problem. Taking a picture and the phone shuts off. Vibrating from getting a notification and restart.
And the saddest part, the phone won't boot into OS if is it not plugged to PC or AC power.
My Opo is almost two years old. Can you suggest a good battery replacement for me?
leokook said:
I was just going to post, about my issue, but the forum suggested your post. I read the first post, and yes, I am facing the exact same problem. Taking a picture and the phone shuts off. Vibrating from getting a notification and restart.
And the saddest part, the phone won't boot into OS if is it not plugged to PC or AC power.
My Opo is almost two years old. Can you suggest a good battery replacement for me?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hard to suggest which batteries is good if you planning to bought it online cause there no way you can know whether the batteries you gonna buy is original or OEM...only when you bought the batteries in a retail store then you can see whether its original or OEM and yes the differences between both batteries is noticeable...
Sent from my A0001 using Tapatalk
Hello All, Don't know whether posting in right thread or wrong!....
My OPO is almost 3 years old, it is rebooting automatically i.e Powered by Android screen showing & then again it will restart with the same. Continuously rebooting the same until long press the power button for force shutdown. I need a solution , kindly help me out.
Am not an software engineer to understand the programming terms, hence if you share line to line steps, i can try..
Harishxda said:
Hello All, Don't know whether posting in right thread or wrong!....
My OPO is almost 3 years old, it is rebooting automatically i.e Powered by Android screen showing & then again it will restart with the same. Continuously rebooting the same until long press the power button for force shutdown. I need a solution , kindly help me out.
Am not an software engineer to understand the programming terms, hence if you share line to line steps, i can try..
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Replace the battery of your Phone, it will be back to normal.
Changed battery but issue is sill there..
Will i found original battery at Ahmedabad Service Center
jnraj said:
@iPusak Gaoq™, tried to get a suitable battery online but the shipping charge killed most deals, some were even counterfeits, so finally I decided to visit an op service centre, they replaced the battery with a new one, now my OPO is good as new. thanks again.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
as i m facing same issue since last sunday, i think i shall go to Oneplus Service center here in ahmedabad for replacement of battery, how much they charged for battery replacement.??
thanks..
samiran das 03 said:
Changed battery but issue is sill there..
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
you still having OPO? Did issue resolve?
Hi,
there are some threads about the bootloop problem, but I couldn't find exactly same problem: some days ago my phone landed into the bootloop. It was a bit spooky with battery charging state, it was jumping for different states - 3%, 99%, 24% after every loop. So I bought a new battery and replaced the old one. Now the phone starts to LG logo (with starting sound), but after 10 seconds I can hear the power-off sound and the phone turns off. It seems to be a "normal" shutdown, not the "reset-bootloop": I hear power-off-sound, LG-power-off-logo and LED is blinking blue for about 10 seconds. After that it repeats infinitely. Also, if I turn the phone off it stays off, but if I put the charger in it, it's starts from itself again and again. Did not tried the hard reset until now. Any ideas, guys?
update: tried hard reset. it's starts until "optimizing apps", if it's done, i can see for a second the "first setup" screen and then it's immediately shutting down. same problem with the old, original battery.
edit: for the first time I saw message "high temperature" on the screen, before it was powered off. But the phone is not even warm...
critdmg said:
update: tried hard reset. it's starts until "optimizing apps", if it's done, i can see for a second the "first setup" screen and then it's immediately shutting down. same problem with the old, original battery.
edit: for the first time I saw message "high temperature" on the screen, before it was powered off. But the phone is not even warm...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What you describe is exactly that happened to the Mrs's GF2. One day it was fine and then all of a sudden the battery drained really quick. Now she can only get to the optimizing apps screen before it shuts down again. Ordered a new battery but that doesn't look to be the solution from your findings. :crying:
My phone has the exact same prblm n i was thinking of buying a battery but now that i have read your post i am doubting my battery purchase.
By the way have u found any fix also are u sure the battery is genuine n not some poor replica?
I had this problem when I had flux in my battery port causing a battery connection problem. Sometimes it said temperature too high and other times temperature too low. I was able to fix it by taking out the motherboard using 90% alcohol and a toothbrush to clean the battery port in the motherboard. Then I let it dry and problem was gone. Now I'm not saying this is exactly your problem but it just means that there's most likely bad connectivity to your battery. It could be your battery, the cable or the port.
Mrs received her new battery and it seemed genuine. Put it in and the phone is 100% dead. No power, no charging, no life.
Its not all bad news as she bought a Honor 6X which is a far better phone.
I tried all the hints I could find (except cleaning it with alcohol), but nothing help to start the phone again. Could be defective heat/temp sensor on the motherboard.
Battery was from "Polarcell" - that's a pretty good one manufacturer with satisfied user reviews on amazon (also had good personal experience with their batteries). Just for info: phone doesn't even start with original battery anymore - same problem.
I already switched to Honor 9 (excellent phone!), but will give another try and clean the battery attachment port with alcohol today. Will give you an update later.
If you plug the phone into the charger does it even show the battery charging symbol at all?
From what I've been reading the temp sensor is in the battery and sends the temp signal through the battery connector to the motherboard. So if you replace the battery it's like plugin in a new temp sensor. However if the connector is bad then that's the only thing that I can think off that would prevent the phone from starting. If the port is bad I don't know if it can be fixed or not.
Had no luck yesterday with port cleaning. Still the same error.
probaina said:
If you plug the phone into the charger does it even show the battery charging symbol at all?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, but it's more complicated. If the phone is turned off and you plug USB in, it starts to boot from itself (without pressing the power button). In most cases it's going up to LG logo and powering off again. After powering off I can see battery charging symbol for about 5 seconds, after that it's changing to battery symbol with an thermometer. While the phone is in this bootloop, it's charging. From the point with this battery temperature symbol it stops charging. I read something on reddit about getting it up to 100% could solve the problem. So, I tried to plug it on and off about 50 times to get fully charged, got it up to 100%, but it's still rebooting. Can't get into recovery, but it's possible to get into the "hard reset"-menu, where I can wipe data. After this the phone boots normally (at the first sign), it's starting optimizing apps, I can see the "first-setup"-screen (that one with language chooser) for a half second and it turns off again. Same behavior with both batteries - new one and the original.
critdmg said:
Had no luck yesterday with port cleaning. Still the same error.
Yes, but it's more complicated. If the phone is turned off and you plug USB in, it starts to boot from itself (without pressing the power button). In most cases it's going up to LG logo and powering off again. After powering off I can see battery charging symbol for about 5 seconds, after that it's changing to battery symbol with an thermometer. While the phone is in this bootloop, it's charging. From the point with this battery temperature symbol it stops charging. I read something on reddit about getting it up to 100% could solve the problem. So, I tried to plug it on and off about 50 times to get fully charged, got it up to 100%, but it's still rebooting. Can't get into recovery, but it's possible to get into the "hard reset"-menu, where I can wipe data. After this the phone boots normally (at the first sign), it's starting optimizing apps, I can see the "first-setup"-screen (that one with language chooser) for a half second and it turns off again. Same behavior with both batteries - new one and the original.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's a lot of combined symptoms. I have no idea what could be wrong with yours exactly. I would try to bake the motherboard with solder flux as a last resort. I had to do that with my G flex 2 twice to bring it back to life. I'm not sure if it would fix it in your case, but at this point you don't have much to lose.
probaina said:
That's a lot of combined symptoms. I have no idea what could be wrong with yours exactly. I would try to bake the motherboard with solder flux as a last resort. I had to do that with my G flex 2 twice to bring it back to life. I'm not sure if it would fix it in your case, but at this point you don't have much to lose.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've already spent enough time with trying get it back to life. Loved this phone, but I had to send it to LG service every half year (3 times!) and got it every time with a new motherboard back. My brother had to send his one two times within a year because of several problems (no vibration, no sound through 3.5 jack...). Furthermore it was not possible to root or unlock the bootloader since Android 6 (what I've got with the last replaced mainboard, but what was not available through the software update!). So, just for me it was a very bad experience and for sure I'll not buy an LG phone for the next 10 years.
critdmg said:
I've already spent enough time with trying get it back to life. Loved this phone, but I had to send it to LG service every half year (3 times!) and got it every time with a new motherboard back. My brother had to send his one two times within a year because of several problems (no vibration, no sound through 3.5 jack...). Furthermore it was not possible to root or unlock the bootloader since Android 6 (what I've got with the last replaced mainboard, but what was not available through the software update!). So, just for me it was a very bad experience and for sure I'll not buy an LG phone for the next 10 years.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Is your phone still under warranty?
le grande magnetto said:
Is your phone still under warranty?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes. But I think is gone as I changed the battery... But good idea, I'll try to send it to LG service again. Who knows...
critdmg said:
Yes. But I think is gone as I changed the battery... But good idea, I'll try to send it to LG service again. Who knows...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Oh, that might void your warranty if you changed battery yourself. As I can see you're from Germany, EU, so you should ask for DAP (defective after purchase) act from service to get refund for your phone.
I've never heard about DAP. Do I give them my phone and get from them some money back or what is that about? Is it an manufacturer service or general refund possibility in EU?
critdmg said:
I've never heard about DAP. Do I give them my phone and get from them some money back or what is that about? Is it an manufacturer service or general refund possibility in EU?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I assume it should be available in EU. You should contact your seller or the service about if for detailed info. When you dave details about that please share them here.
Hi Guys,
I have a D6603 unrooted, was rooted before.
Installed a clean firmware 5.1.1, was on 6 and 7 before.
My problem is when i charge the phone 100% it just power off at 80% or 70% with a message of low battery went to 0%
When i power it on again, it stay blocked on the sony logo, i need to put the resest button to make works again, when fully powered, it goes off again.
I tough it was a battery problem, of course it is, but not hardware it's software related, Why? this why:
When the phone goes off on 80%, and reboot and stuck on sony logo, i let it like this to see how many hours it would stay.
And yeah, it took 3 hours on this logo screen to goes off, that' mean the battery still have power.
This problem happened to me when i rooted my phone the first time, unlocked bootloader "was never rooted before until i did"
now even with unrooted i still occur this problem.
I need your help guys; i there's any workarround.
Thank you
i made another thing few hours ago, when the phone is fully out of power, i tried to charge it using my laptop usb port.
It was charging great and slowly, until it reach 50% it jumped to 100% directly.