Im trying to flash either CWM or TWRP viea fastboot, i download the recovery, re name it to recovery ( recovery.img) place it in my C drive folder and then type fastboot flash recovery C:\recovery.img
however each time when entering recovery from the boot screen it ends with a dead android and an exclamation mark, what next?
Are you booting android before booting recovery
It's easier to put the image in the same location as fastboot so you just type
fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
After classifying I've rebooted into android, then powered off and back to recovery, followed by recovery then the dead android.
That should read after flashing, not classifying.
2Pints said:
That should read after flashing, not classifying.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Your on 5.0.1? I had the problem too what worked for me and I can't tell you why was to boot into twrp, flash supersu and then boot back into the bootloader and flash twrp
Fastboot boot twrp.img
Flash supersu, then
fastboot flash recovery twrp.img
Sent from my Nexus 5 using XDA Free mobile app
I cant get to the TWRP bit
download twrp rename it to recovery
fastboot flash recovery C:\recovery.img
fastboot reboot
boot into bootloader, select recovery, phone reboots ( google splash screen) then dead android.
2Pints said:
I cant get to the TWRP bit
download twrp rename it to recovery
fastboot flash recovery C:\recovery.img
fastboot reboot
boot into bootloader, select recovery, phone reboots ( google splash screen) then dead android.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try opening a cmd window in the folder with your image and flashing, ( shift+right click) and boot straight into recovery, without restarting...
2Pints said:
I cant get to the TWRP bit
download twrp rename it to recovery
fastboot flash recovery C:\recovery.img
fastboot reboot
boot into bootloader, select recovery, phone reboots ( google splash screen) then dead android.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Are you actually reading what we're posting? The post above yours tells you what to do so follow that and it should work
Its because of the install recovery shell script replacing recovery on first boot of android. You'll want to remove those scripts
Basically dont do "fastboot reboot". Just boot from bootloader directly into recovery, then using TWRP file manager, delete the scripts.
/system/recovery.init.boot.p
/system/bin/install-recovery.sh
rootSU said:
Its because of the install recovery shell script replacing recovery on first boot of android. You'll want to remove those scripts
Basically dont do "fastboot reboot". Just boot from bootloader directly into recovery, then using TWRP file manager, delete the scripts.
/system/recovery.init.boot.p
/system/bin/install-recovery.sh
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Exactly. Gosh, how hard can this be.
People don't read - if they did, they would know.
Android has been using this for a while now, to ensure stock recovery stays there.
a maguro wrote this.
Related
i flashed a kernel first, it was not compatiable, the phone was without fap lock, and got stuck to logo, i went to recovery and wiped cache , it worked.
then when the device booted up, i restarted the device and went to the logo stuck again, but this time it has fap lock on it so i couldn't access recovery or flash anything from odin, what should i do???
the kernel was for sm-920t
majedhabal said:
i flashed a kernel first, it was not compatiable, the phone was without fap lock, and got stuck to logo, i went to recovery and wiped cache , it worked.
then when the device booted up, i restarted the device and went to the logo stuck again, but this time it has fap lock on it so i couldn't access recovery or flash anything from odin, what should i do???
the kernel was for sm-920t
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That happened to me i just restored via odin
Sent from my SM-N920T using Tapatalk
To boot into Recovery use this way:
Download a custom/stock recovery and setup Minimal ADB and Fastboot in your PC, Go to C:\Program Files (x86)\Minimal ADB and Fastboot , Paste the recovery you downloaded, rename it to Recovery.img and now in the same folder press shift + right click and choose open command window here. Plug the phone to the PC and write this commands:
adb devices
adb reboot bootloader
fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
fastboot boot recovery.img
And now you're in recovery menu.
whenever i try to go into recovery mode, it takes me to the default one even after i flashed twrp. my bootloader is unlocked and i flashed twrp several times. even when i use the command prompt from fastboot mode it still takes me to the default recovery. any ideas to what's wrong?
Asafbzm said:
whenever i try to go into recovery mode, it takes me to the default one even after i flashed twrp. my bootloader is unlocked and i flashed twrp several times. even when i use the command prompt from fastboot mode it still takes me to the default recovery. any ideas to what's wrong?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This could be a solution or a workaround:
"Hello i just had a personal experience with my Asus zenfone selfie Z00T Stock recovery kept replacing TWRP. (Boot loader already unlocked)
This is how i got around it i downloaded the latest TWRP for my device and placed directly in minimal adb and fastboot app folder then i renamed it to recovery .
then i put my device in fastboot mode using the buttons on the phone and After i ran minimal adb and fastboot app as admin then i typed fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
once done i then i typed fastboot boot recovery.img. and my phone booted to twrp recovery then i selected reboot recovery directly on my phone and to finish reboot system (still in twrp) that's it.
(OEM commands to boot from fastboot to recovery do not work on some devices )
it only worked for me eventually because i downloaded the latest TWRP from the official TWRP website.
The idea is to flash the custom recovery and then booting from the custom recovery.img that you just used to flash (the one still on the pc) using minimal adb and fastboot app.
IT may not work on all devices as the commands may change from one device to another but the idea stays the same. (example for nexus fastboot -c "lge.kcal=0|0|0|x" boot recovery.img)
I hope this will help some people out."
sill not booting into twrp
Tiqqy said:
This could be a solution or a workaround:
"Hello i just had a personal experience with my Asus zenfone selfie Z00T Stock recovery kept replacing TWRP. (Boot loader already unlocked)
This is how i got around it i downloaded the latest TWRP for my device and placed directly in minimal adb and fastboot app folder then i renamed it to recovery .
then i put my device in fastboot mode using the buttons on the phone and After i ran minimal adb and fastboot app as admin then i typed fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
once done i then i typed fastboot boot recovery.img. and my phone booted to twrp recovery then i selected reboot recovery directly on my phone and to finish reboot system (still in twrp) that's it.
(OEM commands to boot from fastboot to recovery do not work on some devices )
it only worked for me eventually because i downloaded the latest TWRP from the official TWRP website.
The idea is to flash the custom recovery and then booting from the custom recovery.img that you just used to flash (the one still on the pc) using minimal adb and fastboot app.
IT may not work on all devices as the commands may change from one device to another but the idea stays the same. (example for nexus fastboot -c "lge.kcal=0|0|0|x" boot recovery.img)
I hope this will help some people out."
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i've just tried this but the 'fastboot boot recovery' command just turn the phone back on from fastboot. thanks anyways!
Tiqqy said:
This could be a solution or a workaround:
"Hello i just had a personal experience with my Asus zenfone selfie Z00T Stock recovery kept replacing TWRP. (Boot loader already unlocked)
This is how i got around it i downloaded the latest TWRP for my device and placed directly in minimal adb and fastboot app folder then i renamed it to recovery .
then i put my device in fastboot mode using the buttons on the phone and After i ran minimal adb and fastboot app as admin then i typed fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
once done i then i typed fastboot boot recovery.img. and my phone booted to twrp recovery then i selected reboot recovery directly on my phone and to finish reboot system (still in twrp) that's it.
(OEM commands to boot from fastboot to recovery do not work on some devices )
it only worked for me eventually because i downloaded the latest TWRP from the official TWRP website.
The idea is to flash the custom recovery and then booting from the custom recovery.img that you just used to flash (the one still on the pc) using minimal adb and fastboot app.
IT may not work on all devices as the commands may change from one device to another but the idea stays the same. (example for nexus fastboot -c "lge.kcal=0|0|0|x" boot recovery.img)
I hope this will help some people out."
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Work for me. Thanks buddy
This works, thumb up
Asafbzm said:
i've just tried this but the 'fastboot boot recovery' command just turn the phone back on from fastboot. thanks anyways!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i have suffered with the same problem for hours until i decided to come here and look for related article , it actually worked and made me wonder that it wasn't that hard to fix it , i just rebooted fastboot and flashed twrp and in the end typed 'fastboot reboot recovery.img
that solved my suffering within 5 seconds. thank you for sharing the knowledge
Tiqqy said:
This could be a solution or a workaround:
"Hello i just had a personal experience with my Asus zenfone selfie Z00T Stock recovery kept replacing TWRP. (Boot loader already unlocked)
This is how i got around it i downloaded the latest TWRP for my device and placed directly in minimal adb and fastboot app folder then i renamed it to recovery .
then i put my device in fastboot mode using the buttons on the phone and After i ran minimal adb and fastboot app as admin then i typed fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
once done i then i typed fastboot boot recovery.img. and my phone booted to twrp recovery then i selected reboot recovery directly on my phone and to finish reboot system (still in twrp) that's it.
(OEM commands to boot from fastboot to recovery do not work on some devices )
it only worked for me eventually because i downloaded the latest TWRP from the official TWRP website.
The idea is to flash the custom recovery and then booting from the custom recovery.img that you just used to flash (the one still on the pc) using minimal adb and fastboot app.
IT may not work on all devices as the commands may change from one device to another but the idea stays the same. (example for nexus fastboot -c "lge.kcal=0|0|0|x" boot recovery.img)
I hope this will help some people out."
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I had the same issue on Poco F1 and this worked for me as well! Pleasant surprise. First result on google was this article and it worked, 2 minutes work.
Lamantin001 said:
I had the same issue on Poco F1 and this worked for me as well! Pleasant surprise. First result on google was this article and it worked, 2 minutes work.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Okay, I was a bit too early with that. The next time I turned off the phone and tried booting to recovery (Vol up+pwr), I got booted into factory recovery (mi-recovery 3.0) :/
Lamantin001 said:
Okay, I was a bit too early with that. The next time I turned off the phone and tried booting to recovery (Vol up+pwr), I got booted into factory recovery (mi-recovery 3.0) :/
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Update:
I found the solution. I followed the steps in this article:
How can I keep MIUI from overwrite TWRP with stock recovery after a ROM flash?
I'm on fw Global 9.6.6.0. (Bought the phone 'bogus' unlocked with "fake" 9.6.4.0, bricked it while trying to restore chinese fw and re-lock bootloader using miflash - I'm not doing that again brought it back to life using the steps from...
forum.xda-developers.com
Asafbzm said:
whenever i try to go into recovery mode, it takes me to the default one even after i flashed twrp. my bootloader is unlocked and i flashed twrp several times. even when i use the command prompt from fastboot mode it still takes me to the default recovery. any ideas to what's wrong?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try this:
when you are in fastboot mode type:
Code:
fastboot boot recovery.img
This command will boot your phone to twrp. Install twrp .zip file (there are 2 options when installing .img or .zip)
after this go to ADB/Sideload - This is in Advanced section
Then swipe to start a sideload. Now on your pc type:
Code:
adb sideload recovery.zip
This worked for me. I hope this works for you too
Hi guys.
I unlocked my bootloader, and installed the Global Beta Rom via TWRP.
Now, that I am finishing that, TWRP is not installed anymore. And I can't install it.
When I boot into fastboot, and install TWRP like usual, everything is ok. No error appears. But when I want to boot into TWRP via key-combination, nothing happens. When I boot MiUi again, then reboot and try to boot into TWRP again, the Mi-Recoverymenue appears. But not TWRP. Can anyone help here?
After ROM package installed, boot and setup everythings you need, reboot to fastboot mode.
You must install TWRP again, then boot to TWRP by using command, same as the first time you install TWRP. Full commands:
1. fastboot devices.
2. fastboot flash recovery twrp.img
3. fastboot boot twrp.img
DungHD said:
After ROM package installed, boot and setup everythings you need, reboot to fastboot mode.
You must install TWRP again, then boot to TWRP by using command, same as the first time you install TWRP. Full commands:
1. fastboot devices.
2. fastboot flash recovery twrp.img
3. fastboot boot twrp.img
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Done that.
Device reboot, screen turns black. Then device reboot again, and MIUI will start.
After you install TWRP via fastboot command boot into TWRP via fastboot using the TWRP image on your computer. After TWRP comes up disconnect your phone from your computer, go into the TWRP reboot menu and select reboot into recovery. After you boot back into TWRP it should stick until you flash another ROM zip.
Same issue here.....please have a look at attached picture to see what I have done.
Even after a couple of minutes the screen remains black after trying to boot into TWRP.img with "fastboot boot twrp.img"
Is this a wrong command?
OK with rebooting the system is replacing TWRP, mens I need to go directly into TWRP without rebooting OS., but neither the command above nor ´"fastboot reboot" and simultaniously holding Vol+ and Power ware entering TWRP .....even more
Entering "fastboot reboot" afterwards, device is rebooting normally.
Would be great to explain how I can successfully get TWRP run.
Thx a lot!!
MIUI overwrites the recovery with each boot.
You'll have to get root access and adjust s few files (there is a guide somewhere here on xda) to get it to stay
flyingjack said:
Same issue here.....please have a look at attached picture to see what I have done.
Even after a couple of minutes the screen remains black after trying to boot into TWRP.img with "fastboot boot twrp.img"
Is this a wrong command?
OK with rebooting the system is replacing TWRP, mens I need to go directly into TWRP without rebooting OS., but neither the command above nor ´"fastboot reboot" and simultaniously holding Vol+ and Power ware entering TWRP .....even more
Entering "fastboot reboot" afterwards, device is rebooting normally.
Would be great to explain how I can successfully get TWRP run.
Thx a lot!!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did you download wrong .img file for polaris?
All versions has capacity more than 46 MB. Latest version is 46788 KB.
DungHD said:
Did you download wrong .img file for polaris?
All versions has capacity more than 46 MB. Latest version is 46788 KB.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
THx mate! actually I downloaded the wrong file. With the correct one evreythink is working fine!!!
AIO GUIDE TECNO KD7
1. Bootloader Unlocking
1. Download & install the ADB driver
2.Enable devloper mode by taping on Build verson(setting->my phone) then enable Oem Unlock & usb debugging from (settings->System->Devloper option)
3.Now connect device & open ADB path & run cmd
command: ADB devices
then reboot to bootloader
command: ADB reboot bootloader
4. unlock bootloader
command: fastboot flashing unlock the phone will ask to confirm
5. now reboot to system
command:fastboot reboot
If you are stuck waiting for the device screen
2. TWRP [unoficial]
https://forum.xda-developers.com/t/twrp-recovery-for-tecno-kd7.4378493/
3. Orange state disabler:
Flashing guide & zip file
Click Wipe →Format Data → Yes → Press Enter.
Then Click Reboot → Recovery (Reboot to Recovery ).
After this, TWRP Recovery Mode will be installed on your phone
Link: Orange disabler.zip
4. Root
1.boot into recovery
2. Flash magisk .zip
llink:https://github.com/topjohnwu/Magisk/releases/download/v21.0/Magisk-v21.0.zip
3.1. Unroot
1.boot into recovery
2. Flash magisk unistaller .zip
link:https://github.com/topjohnwu/Magisk/releases/download/v21.0/Magisk-uninstaller-20201003.zip
5.Stock Firmware Files
Stock boot ,stock recovery & Full Firmware are added
To Flash full firmware
Extract zip & run flash.bat
Link: TECNO-SPARK-5-PRO-KD7-H6211FQRSTU-Q-GL-211101V404-fastboot flash full rom.zip
6. Gsi rom / Custom rom Installation guide:
https://forum.xda-developers.com/t/custom-rom-for-tecno-phone-dynamic-partition.4379341/
vendor : ( 3 sim problem guide )
TECNO-SPARK-5-PRO-KD7-H6211FQRSTU-Q-GL-211101V404
7. Phone Hard Brick fix
https://forum.xda-developers.com/t/phone-soft-brick-phone-on-off-poblem-tecno-device.4378501/
7.1. Flash file:
Link :
TECNO-SPARK-5-PRO-KD7-H6211FQRSTU-Q-GL-211101V404
HIT THE THANKS BUTTON IF ABOVE INFORMATION IS HELPFUL TO YOU
Tecno kd7 full guide
https://forum.xda-developers.com/t/...r-unlocking-root-twrp-stock-firmware.4345557/
What do you mean by boot into recovery? Going fastboot mode? And then writing fastboot flash recovery magisk.zip( for step 3(root)) ?
Also should have the updatest kd7 before rooting?
Thanks in advance for your hard work.
Tanjin01: Thanks
Fast time twrp recovery install: (any bulid version)
[command]
adb devices
adb reboot bootloader
fastboot flashing unlock
fastboot flash recovery twrp.img
fastboot flash vbmeta vbmeta.img
fastboot reboot recovery
[command]
Now boot into twrp recovery and from there "wipe option->Format Data -> yes Format.
Next, Reboot option -> recovery click Wait reboot recovery and flash magisk.zip
Any time root and unroot:
2.going to recovery
Open recovery and install magisk zip. /Magisk uninstall flash
Parvej789 said:
Tanjin01: Thanks
Fast time twrp recovery install: (any bulid version)
1.Fastboot flash recovery .
Fastboot reboot recovery -
Open recovery -wipe format data-yes.
reboot to recovery
and install magisk zip.
Any time root and unroot:
2.going to recovery
Open recovery and install magisk zip. /Magisk uninstall
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank a bunch for consist help with my nobby question(s)!
Correct me if i am wrong before i procced,
Fire up pc, open terminal/cmd and writing the following one after another
[Command]
adb devices
adb reboot bootloader
fastboot flashing unlock
fastboot flash recovery twrp.img
fastboot flash vbmeta vbmeta.img
[command]
Now i boot into twrp recovery and from there "wipe data". Then "advanced wipe" with delvic cache.
Next, again, twrp recovery and flash magisk.zip
Right?
Tanzin01
[Command]
adb devices
adb reboot bootloader
fastboot flashing unlock
fastboot flash recovery twrp.img
fastboot flash vbmeta vbmeta.img
fastboot reboot recovery
[command]
Now i boot into twrp recovery and from there "wipe ". Then "Format Data" with yes Format.
Next, Reboot to recovery .again, twrp recovery and flash magisk.zip
Right?
Thanks man. Have a nice day&life
hey man, all went well till format. in format i saw some error, eg failed to mount /data(something like this). Any idaea why i got this?
[i got a success msg though]]
also can i access twrp recovery mode via volume and power button?(i tried volume up+power button but got adnroid image with "No command".)
Command]
adb devices
adb reboot bootloader
fastboot flashing unlock
fastboot flash recovery twrp.img
fastboot flash vbmeta vbmeta.img
fastboot reboot recovery
[command]
Now boot into twrp recovery and from there "wipe option ->Format Data -> yes Format .
Next,
Reboot options -> recovery click Wait reboot to recovery and magisk.zip flash
Parvej789 said:
Command]
adb devices
adb reboot bootloader
fastboot flashing unlock
fastboot flash recovery twrp.img
fastboot flash vbmeta vbmeta.img
fastboot reboot recovery
[command]
Now i boot into twrp recovery and from there "wipe ". Then "Format Data" with yes Format.
Next,
Reboot options to recovery .again, twrp recovery and flash magisk.zip
Right?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
All the commands worked smoothly but when again tried to go twrp recovery for rooting, I can't seem to find twrp. I got no command with Android pic and after few seconds default device recovery option. From where I can navigate to fastboot, recovery, wipe and etc.
"
Next,
Reboot options to recovery .again, tw
Parvej789 said:
Next,
Reboot options to recovery .again, twrp recovery and flash magisk.zip
Right?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Not sure what you mean by this. But tried
[Command]
adb reboot bootloader
fastboot reboot recovery
[Command]
Which took me to deafult recovery, no Twrp this time.
However I spent some time on xda and found this Command "fastboot boot twrp.img". Will try tomorrow again, will let you know if it worked! Man I'm probably bothering you!
Tanzin01 said:
"
Next,
Reboot options to recovery .again, tw
Not sure what you mean by this. But tried
[Command]
adb reboot bootloader
fastboot reboot recovery
[Command]
Which took me to deafult recovery, no Twrp this time.
However I spent some time on xda and found this Command "fastboot boot twrp.img". Will try tomorrow again, will let you know if it worked! Man I'm probably bothering you!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
[command]
adb devices
adb reboot bootloader
fastboot flashing unlock
fastboot flash recovery twrp.img
fastboot flash vbmeta vbmeta.img
fastboot reboot recovery
[command]
Now boot into twrp recovery and from there "wipe option->Format Data -> yes Format and back home menu
Next, Reboot option -> recovery click Wait reboot recovery and flash magisk.zip
Unorganized posts! Its xda's fault. Your edited post wasn't shown to me until my last post was posted!
Thanks man. This time I got it. I wrongly rebooted after "format data". I will reflash the twrp file again tomorrow.
Hey, i got myself in trouble again! Everything was working fine till i clicked on "Erase data" from settings. Now i cant boot into sytem, always booting into twrp.Any help?
Should i try flashing android 11, the one you provided here?
Tanzin01 said:
Hey, i got myself in trouble again! Everything was working fine till i clicked on "Erase data" from settings. Now i cant boot into sytem, always booting into twrp.Any help?
Should i try flashing android 11, the one you provided here?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Stock recovery.img flash and reboot
To make sure, i am donig as you described,
download stock firmware and get recovery.img.
now flash it: fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
Now reboot, right?
Btw cant i just flash andoid 11 altogether? (and thanks for your constant help
Tanzin01 said:
To make sure, i am donig as you described,
download stock firmware and get recovery.img.
now flash it: fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
Now reboot, right?
Btw cant i just flash andoid 11 altogether? (and thanks for your constant help :fashfashfashfash)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes
Or
Full flash
KD7-H6211FQRSTU-Q-GL-210520V392.zip
drive.google.com
how to do full flash?
[command]
fastboot flash system FullFlashfirmware.zip
[command]
or
sideload the zip file and then swipe install via twrp?
No .
PC to mobile(fastboot flash)
Now connect device to PC
Unzip flash file PC
Folder open
Click flash.bat
CMD open:
1.Do you want to Reboot device into fastboot [Y/N]=y type enter
2.wipe user data [Y/N]=y type enter
Then flash started
FLASHING success
Reboot to phone on
sadly im not on windows. Anyway thnx. i will try and see flashing recovery. Will let you know the result.
Stock recovery.img flash and reboot options->system click.
Reboot to phone on
Parvej789 said:
Stock recovery.img flash and reboot options->system click.
Reboot to phone on
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
got error
```
fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
Sending 'recovery' (39936 KB)
FAILED (Write to device failed (No such device))
fastboot: error: Command failed
``
tried changing cable but no change.
Oky so i had a hunch, and it was correct. i mounted system and didnt get that error.
Thanks buddy. Took me few tries and combination. but now im back with my device. And as guessed, twrp was/is the culprit. It was locking the system or something like this, perhaps a glich? anyway had to mount system and already wrote the command on terminal, so as soon as phone screen turns on, i get to send the data from pc to phone before phone starts doing many of its stuff.
Wipe option->format data -yes
Reboot option-> recovery and Twrp open
1.boot.img flash
2.super.img flash
3.recovery.img flash
Than reboot
Tanzin01 said:
Thanks buddy. Took me few tries and combination. but now im back with my device. And as guessed, twrp was/is the culprit. It was locking the system or something like this, perhaps a glich? anyway had to mount system and already wrote the command on terminal, so as soon as phone screen turns on, i get to send the data from pc to phone before phone starts doing many of its stuff.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Build version correct
Your build version
kk
kraken-gz said:
i managed to flash twrp via fastboot, with command:
fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
and then i applied:
fastboot boot recovery
and it booted into twrp (yay), but when i try to reboot it into system (or poweroff, and on), it boots into twrp. succesfully managed to replace stock recovery, but now i cant go into system. i got backup of system, but i don't know how to boot into system now.
phone is Allview Viva H801
I don't know how i can get into fastboot now via twrp. Is there way to communicate with twrp via PC. because twrp terminal , closes keyboard when i press key 'b', which makes it impossible to type any command (to get into fastboot )
can i fix this via twrp as i cant go into bootloader
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
TWRP don't have reboot bootloader option!?
Re-flash Stock ROM.
Thread closed as OP removed the content from the opening post.