Database Info

No SDXC Cards?

Put in a 64 Gb Sandisk SDXC card that worked flawlessly in my Galaxy Note (and also with an SD Adapter in the SD slot of the dock) and it didn't work in the Transformer TF700
Can someone confirm this problem?

guent_peer said:
Put in a 64 Gb Sandisk SDXC card that worked flawlessly in my Galaxy Note (and also with an SD Adapter in the SD slot of the dock) and it didn't work in the Transformer TF700
Can someone confirm this problem?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I didn't even try going beyond 32GB SDHC, but someone mentioned formatting your card from within the tablet might help. If it does't *recognise* the card itself however, it might be a bit of a problem.

Thanks for your answer, but it doesn't even let me format it - it is simply not recognized. By the way, also a second SDXC didn't work - no probs with a 32 Gb SDHC though...

I believe the Prime had a limit of 32 GB SDHC cards as well. You might be out of luck, crazy as it is that these larger-capacity cards are not recognized.

guent_peer said:
Put in a 64 Gb Sandisk SDXC card that worked flawlessly in my Galaxy Note (and also with an SD Adapter in the SD slot of the dock) and it didn't work in the Transformer TF700
Can someone confirm this problem?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You have to change the format of the sd card. I don't know how though.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using xda premium

@ian1: Do you mean reformat it back to exFAT? Or to NTFS? I had to format it as FAT32 to make it work in the Samsung Note...

guent_peer said:
@ian1: Do you mean reformat it back to exFAT? Or to NTFS? I had to format it as FAT32 to make it work in the Samsung Note...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
All reports I've seen to date suggest that exFAT renders the best compatibility.

Tried it this time with exFAT and then with NTFS - unfortunately no luck...

Wow. I got my 64gb card on order (not in stock yet), but can still cancel. Would be nice to have it confirmed that it will work or not.
Sent from my ASUS Transformer Pad TF700T using Tapatalk 2

MartyHulskemper said:
All reports I've seen to date suggest that exFAT renders the best compatibility.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No idea maybe you should look in the "Prime" forums I know they have some threads on this.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using xda premium

oh man, not another issue.

The Prime at least shipped with the limit of 32 GB declared in advance. I seem to have missed it with the TF700, I guess. Early today I gave it a shot and formatted my 32 GB SD card (200x, Dane-Elec) in exFAT with several cluster sizes, and the TF700 is one hell of a finicky device. It doesn't really accept the cluster sizes above 4 kb, it seems -- either that or my card has a defect (was brand-new). Will have to test a bit...

Hi, have the same issue with San disk 64 GB Micro- SDXC.
Tried FAT32, EXFAT and NTFS.
Most of the time tablet does not recognize it. Dock with SD size adapter is no problem.
Tried also to format it in ICS 4.0.3 HTC EVO 3D.
Card works in HTC fine but can not be recognized in TF700T tablet.
Sometime tablet recognized SDHXC card and showed 60GB of empty space, but when turned of and switched on again does not recognize any more.
Don't know what to.
Format it on windows 7 with card reader, or in windows7 laptop with adapter or use any format tool in Windows7.
User TalynOne posted in http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1423587 that Sandisk 64 GB works formated in NTFS on Transformer Prime tablet.
So there should be a way for TF700T or am I wrong.
Did anyone have positve results so far?

timrock said:
oh man, not another issue.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
How is it any issue if its not quoted as being compatible? Stop being pessimistic.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using xda premium

ian1 said:
How is it any issue if its not quoted as being compatible? Stop being pessimistic.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
what tablet was quoted as being compatible? Now, how many were actually compatible? Thanks.

timrock said:
what tablet was quoted as being compatible? Now, how many were actually compatible? Thanks.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Its irrelevant which other tablets were compatible its your aditude. This isn't the let's whine about problems thread. This thread has a specific issue and your post does nothing to help this thread.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using xda premium

ian1 said:
Its irrelevant which other tablets were compatible its your aditude. This isn't the let's whine about problems thread. This thread has a specific issue and your post does nothing to help this thread.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
how did you gather whining? I ordered this tablet already. If i was whining, i would have said much more. And what does your current post do to help this thread? This is a forum for people to express their opinions, you don't like it, ignore me and move on. Stop getting so emotional from reading letters on a screen. I purchased this tab (although its on back ordered), so what would be the point of me whining about it, when i can just easily cancel and move on to another device. There is no attitude from me. I have never expressed attitude on any forum i am a member of.
And to respond to your statement, no tablet was advertised a being compatible with 64gb cards, yet, we have several that are compatible, so IMO, i believe it is relevant.

I heard of people getting the 64GB cards working and as long as their a max of UHS-1 they should work. Try using a fat32 formatter such as fat32format by ridgecorp. I am still waiting for my Prime preorder so I can't check for sure, but that worked for me for other devices that didn't see the 64GB SDXC cards that I have.

thongaxp said:
I heard of people getting the 64GB cards working and as long as their a max of UHS-1 they should work. Try using a fat32 formatter such as fat32format by ridgecorp. I am still waiting for my Prime preorder so I can't check for sure, but that worked for me for other devices that didn't see the 64GB SDXC cards that I have.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for the suggestion! Just tried that and still no luck...
Sent from my GT-N7000 with a working Micro SDXC 64 Gb card using xda premium

guent_peer said:
Thanks for the suggestion! Just tried that and still no luck...
Sent from my GT-N7000 with a working Micro SDXC 64 Gb card using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
did you try formatting the card in your phone?

64gb micro sd card ;) = success

Samsung 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 Grade 1 70MB/s MicroSDXC Pro Memory Card
this is the one I am using just thought that I would share this for anyone else wanting to know.

Hi mate, could you confirm that sd card is working? Today I contact samsung support and they told me that only works up to 32gb.
If it support 64gb would be great! I also have doubts if only the standard sd line, or if plus and pro also works with it.

But could you use all 64 GB?
I am also considering a 64 GB microSD, but it would be useless if I could only be using 32 GB. Maybe try to drop some large files on your card to test?

FYI
I've been using sandisk 64gb class 10 without any issue
59.46GB of usable space.
Enjoy
Sent from my SGH-T699 using xda app-developers app

FYI
I've been using sandisk 64gb class 10 without any issue
59.46GB of usable space.
Enjoy
Sent from my SGH-T699 using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi dillalade.
Is there any pre-requirement (maybe special formatting) for using a 64gb sdxc card with the realy? I'm using the original stock firmware, and samsung support told me only 32gb are allowed.
Thanks in advance!

ninguno2 said:
Hi dillalade.
Is there any pre-requirement (maybe special formatting) for using a 64gb sdxc card with the realy? I'm using the original stock firmware, and samsung support told me only 32gb are allowed.
Thanks in advance!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I recall having issues with my 64gb sd not reading, it was a 'format' issue.
See this post for resolution if you need it ==> http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=33419784&postcount=474

dillalade said:
FYI
I've been using sandisk 64gb class 10 without any issue
59.46GB of usable space.
Enjoy
Sent from my SGH-T699 using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
dillalade said:
I recall having issues with my 64gb sd not reading, it was a 'format' issue.
See this post for resolution if you need it ==> http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=33419784&postcount=474
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Oh, i see you need to format as FAT32. But in that case I suppose it would not support files greater than 4gb, i'm right?

ninguno2 said:
Oh, i see you need to format as FAT32. But in that case I suppose it would not support files greater than 4gb, i'm right?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
that's correct.

I'm using a Sandisk Ultra UHS-1 64GB card in my Relay 4G without any problems. Just yesterday had it down to about 8 GB space available, confirming it works past the 32GB barrier. I did have to do an update for Windows XP on my dad's laptop before I transferred files to my external HDD a few days ago, but otherwise had no problems there. (It wasn't till yesterday I deleted some files on the phone that had been copied to the drive - I wanted to keep some vids on the phone for a while and was handpicking them.)
Now if only I could interface directly with my 2TB hard drive (I have it in an enclosure with its own power source), without needing the laptop.

pianoplayer88key said:
........
Now if only I could interface directly with my 2TB hard drive (I have it in an enclosure with its own power source), without needing the laptop.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It should be possible, as our phone support USB.
I tried to find some videos on yt if that works, but only this:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFGUmDqRKHE
But is not that subject of course, maybe we can move it or make new threat.
Seems interesting anyway.

So the trick is to format the SDCARD in FAT32 instead of NTFS. And the drawback is you can't have a file (music, movie, whatever) that's over 4GB. Okay. Can't think of what one file would be that much, so that seems like a decent compromise.
So I guess my only question is: if you're taking a file, as in drag in drop, from your NTFS hard drive on you computer and placing it on your FAT32 SDCard on your phone, will there be any problems? As well as any problems doing it in reverse?

EpicMikeNC said:
So the trick is to format the SDCARD in FAT32 instead of NTFS. And the drawback is you can't have a file (music, movie, whatever) that's over 4GB. Okay. Can't think of what one file would be that much, so that seems like a decent compromise.
So I guess my only question is: if you're taking a file, as in drag in drop, from your NTFS hard drive on you computer and placing it on your FAT32 SDCard on your phone, will there be any problems? As well as any problems doing it in reverse?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
There should be no problems in either direction, especially if you're doing it over MTP/PTP to your phone.
Another option is to format the card as ext4, which Linux and Android support natively, it's stable, and supports files up to arbitrary size (There is a limit, but it's quite a bit more than the supported maximum card size of the Relay)

Magamo said:
There should be no problems in either direction, especially if you're doing it over MTP/PTP to your phone.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I didn't think of this till you responded, but my USB 4GB flash drive is FAT32 and I transfer files from the 60GB hard drive on my laptop, which is NTFS, all the time. I typically do drag and drop, or I transfer via bluetooth.
Another option is to format the card as ext4, which Linux and Android support natively, it's stable, and supports files up to arbitrary size (There is a limit, but it's quite a bit more than the supported maximum card size of the Relay)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've never heard of ext4, but I'll research it. In any case, from the looks of it, the Relay 4G can use 64GB micro sd cards! :good: :highfive:

I think it will depend on your hardware. Mine does not support 64 gig cards in any format on any rom... *sniff*

Hmm... I put in a generic 64 GB card from Amazon.co.uk and it worked out-of-the-box

hardy81 said:
Hmm... I put in a generic 64 GB card from Amazon.co.uk and it worked out-of-the-box
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Is it still working two months later? And if so, what's the brand of the generic 64 GB card?

orange808 said:
I think it will depend on your hardware. Mine does not support 64 gig cards in any format on any rom... *sniff*
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I got a 64gb on eBay that works for me...I can give you a link...works perfect while in ROM however has issues with flashing anything..so I use my 16gb card for that
Sent from my L1QU1D R3L4Y using xda-developers app

guys, i bought a sandisk 64gb microSD XC ULTRA (not HC) and i dont know if it will work, if someone already test a card like this please share me your experience, ty a lot guys

faidesk said:
guys, i bought a sandisk 64gb microSD XC ULTRA (not HC) and i dont know if it will work, if someone already test a card like this please share me your experience, ty a lot guys
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
it works without any problems, just put it, if is in other format the phone will ask you to format to a compatible 1

Samsung 64gb Class 10

Hey fellow S4 users,
I just got my new micro SD card today and followed some guides here to remove the unallocated part and also to format it to fat32. After doing all this I checked my card and it says that there is about 58gb of free space even though there are no files on it. I was wondering whether this is normal? Or did I mess up somewhere in the process?
Thanks in advance!
Sent from my SHV-E300K using xda app-developers app

I believe this has to do with the discrepancy in definition of a Gigabyte. Read here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabyte
You essentially have 64GB in the Base 10 definition, but around 58GB in the Base 2 definition.

hatefulsandwich said:
I believe this has to do with the discrepancy in definition of a Gigabyte. Read here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabyte
You essentially have 64GB in the Base 10 definition, but around 58GB in the Base 2 definition.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
there is always space that is allocated for the mile structure as well. Just like your computer HDD is not what is "advertised"

dwie said:
Hey fellow S4 users,
I just got my new micro SD card today and followed some guides here to remove the unallocated part and also to format it to fat32. After doing all this I checked my card and it says that there is about 58gb of free space even though there are no files on it. I was wondering whether this is normal? Or did I mess up somewhere in the process?
Thanks in advance!
Sent from my SHV-E300K using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
look at what your phone internal mem says and actually is, same kinda deal.

i got 64gb but read 62gb

lunarken said:
i got 64gb but read 62gb
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
what file system are you using?

More over-provisioning is better
Sent from my HTC One using Tapatalk 4

lunarken said:
i got 64gb but read 62gb
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Titanium Backup tell me I have 62gb but the default System/Storage say 58gb
☞Sent from here☜

I have a Sandisk Ultra 32GB and it says total memory is 29.71GB. It never is what it has to be, just lik RAM. But when I get a 64GB card this year Ill be getting those new Sandisk Extreme for sure.

Slightly unrelated, but has anyone had any trouble with Sandisc Ultra (10) 64GB, I've owned 2, the first no longer works at all, the second quite often refuses to allow me to copy anything to it. Both are official, both purchased from different companies. Both tested in Galaxy s2 and S4 with same results. Both tried with fat32 and with exfat (on Pac rom which supports exfat). Also when removed from phone and plugged into pc directly, I can copy files across, as long as I don't copy too much at once or eventually it fails the copy and stops.
Anyone any similar experiences?

cartao de 64gb
vale a pena? fica rapido

Mine say 59.46 gigs
Sent from my SPH-L720 using xda app-developers app

64 gb sd card

Do you guys have any feedback on the SD card below? I was going to get a scandisk sdcard..but I have seen bad reviews that the sdcard is un-mounting on the S4. or do you guys recommend another sd card let me know.
http://www.amazon.com/Sony-microSDX...1386098187&sr=8-9&keywords=micro+sd+card+64gb

gordo80 said:
Do you guys have any feedback on the SD card below? I was going to get a scandisk sdcard..but I have seen bad reviews that the sdcard is un-mounting on the S4. or do you guys recommend another sd card let me know.
http://www.amazon.com/Sony-microSDX...1386098187&sr=8-9&keywords=micro+sd+card+64gb
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Has xcellent reviews. Both Sony & Amazon will stand behind it. I got the Samsung one & it's perfectly flawless so far.
Sent from my Hyperdriven Dev Edition Vzw SCH-I545 with KT kernel using Tapatalk 4

I've had my samsung 64gb uhs1 for a week now. The kern that came with my rom didnt supoort exfat sd cards. So I flashed kt kernal and it works flawlessly. Stock kernal supports exfat btw.
Sent from my SGH-M919 using Tapatalk

As far as i am aware about that sd card, it should run flawless. I have one with the same specs, only it.s from Samsung. It.s even on sale the sd card, it would be a shame not to buy it. Have fun with it, and may you have no problems using it !

I have Scandisk extreme 64gb, I have had no issues with it its far quicker than any card our there as it reads and write 80mbs more costly than the rest but a massive thumbs up from me on this one
Sent from my GT-I9500 using XDA Premium 4 mobile app

The "unmounting SD card" problem has more to do with the kernel than anything else. I've had a SanDisk card and it's worked fine with the KT kernel -- so there's really no need to buy a Samsung card.

I started to buy one from Amazon on black Friday. I put it in my cart and forgot about it. Now the price has jumped back up. What a dummy.

I suggest that you get the SanDisk Ultra 64GB, lifetime warranty and no hassle using it.

I have the SanDisk Ultra 64GB and it works great in 4.2.2, but then with 4.3 and 4.4 I had to root the phone to modify platform.xml to allow apps to save files to the SD card. Works for me since I have the Google Play Edition and it's moderately easy to root the phone, but it still messes with over the air updates, so I can't say that I actually recommend anyone else doing the same, unless you like to tinker.

Hey MPCookson, could you give me some info on how you modified the xml to get the 64GB cards to work on 4.4 roms...ive searched and searched for methods to get this to work and have been unsuccessful with everything ive tried...reformatted the card to exfat, tried every 4.4 rom out there and cant get it to pick up my card...any insight would be VERY helpful!

gordo80 said:
Do you guys have any feedback on the SD card below? I was going to get a scandisk sdcard..but I have seen bad reviews that the sdcard is un-mounting on the S4. or do you guys recommend another sd card let me know.
http://www.amazon.com/Sony-microSDX...1386098187&sr=8-9&keywords=micro+sd+card+64gb
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No unmounting problems with my 64GB Sandisk card here.

moejoe88 said:
I started to buy one from Amazon on black Friday. I put it in my cart and forgot about it. Now the price has jumped back up. What a dummy.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's $35 now. Almost the same price when in Black Friday.

extrem0 said:
It's $35 now. Almost the same price when in Black Friday.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for the heads up on that.

The unmounting only happens if your kernal doesn't support exfat sd cards. Only fat32. Stock kernal and kt kernals support exfat that I know of but others like ptmr's doesn't. So it's not an sd card issue.
Sent from my SGH-M919 using Tapatalk

Brutal Pineapple said:
The unmounting only happens if your kernal doesn't support exfat sd cards. Only fat32. Stock kernal and kt kernals support exfat that I know of but others like ptmr's doesn't. So it's not an sd card issue.
Sent from my SGH-M919 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Had a problem with a sandisk 32gb (1 year old). Was trying different formats fat32 / exfat with supported kernel. But then it started to get unexpectedly removed very frequently. Fortunately it seemed working good in other devices (pc, tablet). I backed up everything and started a RMA. They told my card was defective and accepted it as a damaged card (I tried to fix it formatting without success). I have read some bad reviews about sandisk cards but I think this issue was only affected by some batches. I really liked theirs RMA support and I bought a new one (64gb this time). Hope it lasts more than the other one.
moejoe88 said:
Thanks for the heads up on that.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You're welcome!

SD card problems

Hello I'm posting on behalf of my sister who is having issues with the SD being set as internal memory in Android Marshmallow. The device is a factory unlocked device and currently has a Class 10 16Gb Sanddisk micro-SD card.
We have also tried a slower Class 4 card (same capacity) and am still having issues. I think the phone has been dropped a few times but these issues are annoying my sister so I was wondering if we should do an RMA or is this behaviour common?

But what was the exact problem you/she faced?
Broadcasted from Zeta Reticuli

itechy said:
Hello I'm posting on behalf of my sister who is having issues with the SD being set as internal memory in Android Marshmallow. The device is a factory unlocked device and currently has a Class 10 16Gb Sanddisk micro-SD card.
We have also tried a slower Class 4 card (same capacity) and am still having issues. I think the phone has been dropped a few times but these issues are annoying my sister so I was wondering if we should do an RMA or is this behaviour common?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What is the problem exactly?
And BTW, a Class 10 card is not fast enough for internal memory, a Class 4 will downright either frustrate you or flat out cause errors... If you're going to use it as internal (adopted) storage, you need a quality, brand name card with a minimum UHS1 rating, but a UHS3 card is preferred.

The device is saying that the SD card cannot be found randomly and due to this deletes apps / stuff stored on internal storage.
And a UHS 1 is equal to a class 10 card
Sent from my A0001 using XDA Labs

itechy said:
The device is saying that the SD card cannot be found randomly and due to this deletes apps / stuff stored on internal storage.
And a UHS 1 is equal to a class 10 card
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No, just a class 10 card is not equal to a modern UHS1 card, not even close... The minimum speeds are similar, but in real life the read, and more importantly write, speeds are 4-8 times that of just a class 10 rating, especially for extended periods of read or write. https://www.dpreview.com/forums/thread/3221163 Trust me, in real world especially when used for internal memory the difference is quite noticeable.
But back to the problem... Assuming you have tried clearing the cache partition in recovery, and possibly a factory reset, Most of the time this issue of random disconnection goes back to one of two things, a poor quality microSD card or poor connection of the phones card reader. The first one is easy to test, pickup a Samsung EVO+, SanDisk Extreme, Lexar 633x, or similar high quality card and test, if it still fails then there isn't anything you can do about except contact Moto customer service for repair.
Sent from my Motorola XT1575 using XDA Labs

itechy said:
The device is saying that the SD card cannot be found randomly and due to this deletes apps / stuff stored on internal storage.
And a UHS 1 is equal to a class 10 card
Sent from my A0001 using XDA Labs
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did you ever find a fix?? I had the same issue with two phones. It would say the card ejected and id have to restart to correct it. I have used 4 different cards including a UHS-1 class 10. It has to be a software issue. Wonder if this feature worked in 6.0 and stopped in 6.0.1?? Maybe fix in Nougat? What a pain!

shawndak said:
Did you ever find a fix?? I had the same issue with two phones. It would say the card ejected and id have to restart to correct it. I have used 4 different cards including a UHS-1 class 10. It has to be a software issue. Wonder if this feature worked in 6.0 and stopped in 6.0.1?? Maybe fix in Nougat? What a pain!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If this is the case that you have tried several cards, it's probably a handset hardware issue, not a software issue... Nougat likely won't fix it.
Sent from my Motorola XT1575 using XDA Labs

Well I'm still under warranty wonder if they'd replace it with a 16gb model. Only reason I got the 8gb was due to the adaptable storage option. What a pain!

shawndak said:
Well I'm still under warranty wonder if they'd replace it with a 16gb model. Only reason I got the 8gb was due to the adaptable storage option. What a pain!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Your issues are not normal... Better to get if fixed even if you only get an 8GB model back, if it works reliably.
Sent from my Motorola XT1575 using XDA Labs

The problem is with two phones bought at different times, doubt it'd be an issue with both. Are you using adaptable storage no problem on moto g3?

shawndak said:
The problem is with two phones bought at different times, doubt it'd be an issue with both. Are you using adaptable storage no problem on moto g3?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I was... My son is using it now with no issues.
Out of curiosity... What brand/model cards have you used? It has kind been a trend that lower quality cards have issues. We have moved to SanDisk Ultra or Samsung EVO+ almost exclusively
Sent from my Motorola XT1575 using XDA Labs

acejavelin said:
I was... My son is using it now with no issues.
Out of curiosity... What brand/model cards have you used? It has kind been a trend that lower quality cards have issues. We have moved to SanDisk Ultra or Samsung EVO+ almost exclusively
Sent from my Motorola XT1575 using XDA Labs
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Using adaptable storage??? With apps transfered? I've used both of those cards haha but you're saying it works flawlessly? What exact card and your fully updated as well? Thanks

shawndak said:
Using adaptable storage??? With apps transfered? I've used both of those cards haha but you're saying it works flawlessly? What exact card and your fully updated as well? Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes... No issues on stock or Resurrection Remix rom with adopted storage. I used a 64GB Samsung EVO (none + version)
Sent from my Motorola XT1575 using XDA Labs

Hmm I've been using 32gb ones. The phone works perfectly with portable storage so it blows my mind the issues that is has with ejecting or saying the card isn't there. If it was physical you'd see it with portable storage as well I believe. Do any of the custom Roms give more user space? Once again thank you!

Sister is testing out a new UHS 1 card and has so far (3 days) experienced no issues...
Sent from my A0001 using XDA Labs