Database Info

Fuze ims.cingular?

I did a google search, and couldnt come up with anything.
My Fuze randomly changes from wap.cingular to ims.cingular in the internet settings, and it ends up not being able to connect to the internet. This is draining my battery during the day, since I think my email keeps trying to connect throughout the day, but it doesnt work.
Once I go back to the settings and change it back to wap.cingular, everything works fine.
Anyone know whats up? And anyone know if I can fix this?
Thanks

I do believe you can just remove the ims.cingular settings if they aren't working for you.. .but on ATT both of mine work....?
Kewlj1313
p.s. - i will check and get back soon!

Its not an IMS setting...my MEdia net "account" setting switches to ims.cingular when in the past with my unlocked phones Ive used wap.cingular.

did you put your sim card into an iphone??? i had the same thing happen to me, it got real annoying. i just called in and made sure there was nothing iphoney on my account. they said there wasn't. i had to keep changing the settings manually after every soft reset, and the problem randomly went away after a few days... something else odd i noticed was that the youtube app and PIE dont work...

nobrainer753 said:
Its not an IMS setting...my MEdia net "account" setting switches to ims.cingular when in the past with my unlocked phones Ive used wap.cingular.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did you install the modified Slide 2 Answer phone canvas? I had this issue after I installed that dialer.

Nope to both of those.
I just went in the settings ind put wap.cingular as the access point name, and wap.cingulargprs.com as the username, and whatever it was as the password (as opposed to just leaving it blank like some sites say)...I'll see if the problem comes back tomorrow.

Leave the username and password blank

This exact same thing has been happening with me as well. I'm on the stock AT&T rom but the only thing I've done is go through the custom setup guide for 'noobs' as provided by tyguy in this thread:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=459335
I don't know if this helps anyone figure out what's causing the issue or not but just wanted to toss that out there.

Driving me crazy
I'm having the same issue and its driving me crazy. I actually have it switch to two different settings; my original, working settings are:
ap: wap.cingular
u: CINGULARGPRS
p: CINGULAR1
When it switches it it either changes the ap to ims.cingular (and possibly erases the username or password), or it leaves the ap as wap.cingular but changes the username to [email protected].
I've installed S2U2 and turned on the slide to answer feature, if that makes a difference, otherwise i'm running a stock AT&T ROM with normal applications installed.
Anyone have any ideas?
\Peter

rummyPPG said:
I'm having the same issue and its driving me crazy. I actually have it switch to two different settings; my original, working settings are:
ap: wap.cingular
u: CINGULARGPRS
p: CINGULAR1
When it switches it it either changes the ap to ims.cingular (and possibly erases the username or password), or it leaves the ap as wap.cingular but changes the username to [email protected].
I've installed S2U2 and turned on the slide to answer feature, if that makes a difference, otherwise i'm running a stock AT&T ROM with normal applications installed.
Anyone have any ideas?
\Peter
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
have you ever been able to tether via Bluetooth using those settings (CINGULARGPRS and CINGULAR1) in your dial-up connection setup on your computer, or do you just do USB?
i have not tried these but i have tried [email protected] and CINGULAR1 as folks on these boards suggest, as well as leaving both blank (AP is wap.cingular in both cases) per AT&T's advice (http://www.wireless.att.com/answer-...le=en_US&_dyncharset=UTF-8&solutionId=KB41984)
no success in either case so, i'll give these a try...

Some other correct settings ( May help...not sure )
APN - wap.cingular
User - [email protected]
Pass - CINGULAR1
APN - wap.cingular
User - [email protected]
Pass - CINGULAR1
APN - isp.cingular
User - [email protected]
Pass - CINGULAR1
APN - isp.cingular
User - [email protected]
Pass - CINGULAR1
These all work for me , and depending on the area im in , one may be faster than the other. I also will note the the isp.cingular is generally for the PDA Tethering plans , and may or may not work for people ( Some say they dont have the plan and it still works )
Hope this helps someone

pyraxiate said:
Some other correct settings ( May help...not sure )
APN - wap.cingular
User - [email protected]
Pass - CINGULAR1
APN - wap.cingular
User - [email protected]
Pass - CINGULAR1
APN - isp.cingular
User - [email protected]
Pass - CINGULAR1
APN - isp.cingular
User - [email protected]
Pass - CINGULAR1
These all work for me , and depending on the area im in , one may be faster than the other. I also will note the the isp.cingular is generally for the PDA Tethering plans , and may or may not work for people ( Some say they dont have the plan and it still works )
Hope this helps someone
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
thanks, pyraxiate, i will try every one of these again!
by the way, which dial-up number are you using?
i've tried several with no success:*99#, *99***1# , and *99***3# (at&t says the latter is for Samsung phones)...
i also tried dialing these numbers directly from my Fuze, and got a pop-up msg saying "function anavailable".. are you able to dial any of these numbers directly from your phone, do you hear any modem tone?
this is so strange that everything works when i tether via USB but nothing works via Bluetooth!

try deleting the media net setting "account" all together and then re-setting it up again. that might help...?

[Q] SMS/MMS Merged, MMSC Settings Missing

Hi All.
Got a BT-branded HTC s710 and unlocked it to use on Orange. Managed to set up GPRS for Internet and now trying to work out MMS sending and receiving. I've set some settings in the Connections part, but I feel I need to select something in the MMSC settings - which I can't find. I know where they should be, but...
The problem is, my SMS and MMS accounts are merged. I don't get this because I've not seen it anywhere else - I was using the SPV E650 before this one, and they were separate. So when I go to Account Settings... well there's just nothing about MMSs. Even from within an MMS message, there is nothing to change the MMSC.
What do I do? Is this really the problem or doesn't MMSC selection matter? Does anybody happen to know where to find the MMSC settings on a crazy Vox that doesn't segregate SMS and MMS?
Any help greatly appreciated.

futureberry said:
Hi All.
Got a BT-branded HTC s710 and unlocked it to use on Orange. Managed to set up GPRS for Internet and now trying to work out MMS sending and receiving. I've set some settings in the Connections part, but I feel I need to select something in the MMSC settings - which I can't find. I know where they should be, but...
The problem is, my SMS and MMS accounts are merged. I don't get this because I've not seen it anywhere else - I was using the SPV E650 before this one, and they were separate. So when I go to Account Settings... well there's just nothing about MMSs. Even from within an MMS message, there is nothing to change the MMSC.
What do I do? Is this really the problem or doesn't MMSC selection matter? Does anybody happen to know where to find the MMSC settings on a crazy Vox that doesn't segregate SMS and MMS?
Any help greatly appreciated.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What windows version are you using right now?

[Q] Nexus S MMS problem! Blurry MMS in UK

Hello!
I have seen the threads on blurry MMS messages in the US.....which has been more or less fixed.....anyone in the UK have any idea how we get this fixed over here?!
I have contacted O2 and they have said the phone is not officially supported by them and therefore they cannot assist (although I bought the phone on a 2 year contract with them!!!). They have advised I take the phone back to Carphone warehouse and get another model as they cannot give me a date when the Nexus S will be supported.
Anyone have a work around for this in the UK? Surely I'm not the only one in the UK with this issue?
Regards
G
UPDATE
~~~~~
Have just spoken with O2 technical data services and they have confirmed there is nothing at all they can do and the phone apparently should be used on the network and they have no plans in the near future to support the phone and they advised I get a refund.
If anyone in the UK has found a work around for this on one of the other networks please let me know as I love the phone agh!! Its available on all the UK networks from Carphone Warehouse/Bestbuy....need to know if they have a fix!

Just tried sending an MMS to myself (may not be a valid test ) and pic looks fine.
On O2 UK (Simplicity package) using Handcent SMS. Rooted running 2.3.1 at the moment.
I've played around with the "stock" APN's which may or may not be relevant - happy to post settings if needed.

Yeah if you could post setting so I can compare that would be great!
I have tried sending a pic from the camera to myself and thats blurry also! As well as ones other people have sent me.
Dont know if its the phone settings then or something in your rooted ROM may have rectified it? Hmm...

I'm not in the UK, but 2.3.1 corrected the blurry mms for me.
Sent from my Nexus S using Tapatalk

garoelms said:
Yeah if you could post setting so I can compare that would be great!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
MMS APN details:
Name: O2 MMS
APN: wap.o2.co.uk
Proxy: http://wap.o2.co.uk
Port:9201
Username: o2wap
Password: password
Server: http://mmsc.mms.o2.co.uk:8002
MMSC: http://mmsc.mms.o2.co.uk:8002
MMSproxy: 193.113.200.195
MMS port: 8080
MCC: 234
MNC: 10
APN type: mms
(Originally taken from http://www.3g.co.uk/3GForum/archive/index.php/t-96298.html - post dated 12-03-2010, 11:29 AM)
You'll need to reboot for the APN to take affect.
I only have two APN's listed currently (the other is for 3g/mobile web - it's listed on the same post as the MMS APN in the link above)

sorry m8, what blurry?

I have tried all the settings you have listed and still exactly the same....cant explain it! It sends fine....but any incoming MMS messages are blurred beyond belief!!! How annoying! grr

garoelms said:
I have tried all the settings you have listed and still exactly the same....cant explain it! It sends fine....but any incoming MMS messages are blurred beyond belief!!! How annoying! grr
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
which network are you on?
i believe there is some switch that can be turn on/off on the network.
when i first switch from iphone to N1, i have similar problem.
sending a MMS to iphone is not a issue (other than needing to manually resize the picture), but upon receiving MMS, it comes in a very small picture.
at that time, i heard other users on other network does not have this issue.
if you have friends on other network, maybe you will want to borrow their sim to give it a try.

garoelms said:
Hello!
UPDATE
~~~~~
Have just spoken with O2 technical data services and they have confirmed there is nothing at all they can do and the phone apparently should be used on the network and they have no plans in the near future to support the phone and they advised I get a refund.
If anyone in the UK has found a work around for this on one of the other networks please let me know as I love the phone agh!! Its available on all the UK networks from Carphone Warehouse/Bestbuy....need to know if they have a fix!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What a chicken **** response from them.....it is a network issue, prolly the same issue with us on Tmobile

garoelms said:
I have tried all the settings you have listed and still exactly the same....cant explain it! It sends fine....but any incoming MMS messages are blurred beyond belief!!! How annoying! grr
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What app are you using to send MMS with? Have you tried something like handcent?

Hi...I have tried it stock and handcent.....same issue! :-(

qwerp_ said:
which network are you on?
i believe there is some switch that can be turn on/off on the network.
when i first switch from iphone to N1, i have similar problem.
sending a MMS to iphone is not a issue (other than needing to manually resize the picture), but upon receiving MMS, it comes in a very small picture.
at that time, i heard other users on other network does not have this issue.
if you have friends on other network, maybe you will want to borrow their sim to give it a try.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I am on O2 UK. ANy idea what this "switch" is as they are clueless their end! I have tried another O2 sim in my handset....exactly the same issue :-(

Highland3r said:
MMS APN details:
Name: O2 MMS
APN: wap.o2.co.uk
Proxy: http://wap.o2.co.uk
Port:9201
Username: o2wap
Password: password
Server: http://mmsc.mms.o2.co.uk:8002
MMSC: http://mmsc.mms.o2.co.uk:8002
MMSproxy: 193.113.200.195
MMS port: 8080
MCC: 234
MNC: 10
APN type: mms
(Originally taken from http://www.3g.co.uk/3GForum/archive/index.php/t-96298.html - post dated 12-03-2010, 11:29 AM)
You'll need to reboot for the APN to take affect.
I only have two APN's listed currently (the other is for 3g/mobile web - it's listed on the same post as the MMS APN in the link above)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
When you took these APN details and put them in...did you get a green circle by them? When I entered all the details in manually.....I havent got a green circle and after reboot the net/mms wouldnt work at all! Had to "restore default" to get them back (still blurry!! haha)

You get the green circle for the default APN (afaik this should be set to the 3G/Data APN you have setup)
I don't have a green circle (MMS APN set as default) next to the MMS APN either.
You should also ensure you have your 3G/data APN set as default (use the settings on that post if needed) and just delete the other APN's from the list.

garoelms said:
I am on O2 UK. ANy idea what this "switch" is as they are clueless their end! I have tried another O2 sim in my handset....exactly the same issue :-(
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Have you tried an app such as picsay to reduce the size of the image see if that helps?
YGPM btw

Highland3r said:
Have you tried an app such as picsay to reduce the size of the image see if that helps?
YGPM btw
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Outgoing MMS is fine, resizes ok....and an be viewed on the other handsets with no issues.....its only incoming MMS that goes blurry beyond recognition

Firstly thanks to Highland3r this post with the MMS APN settings got sending and receiving working on my Nexus S! Secondly also being on O2 UK I concur the MMS messages all come through with low res small scaled pictures. I had the same issue on my previous HTC hero too.
Its definitely down to O2 not recognising the capabilities/supporting the phone type so it defults to the lowest res/size their MMS server supports.
OP you got a complete BS answer off O2 - They should simply add the nexus S into their list of supported phones and ensure their MMS server knows about them!

Sorry to bring up such an old thread but did anyone manage to solve the problem of the blurry mms's? I'm on giffgaff which uses the o2 network and have the same problem. Funnily enough it seemed fine when I first used it and friends pictures that they sent me were coming through at about 200k. I recently had to do a reinstall of the firmware and im having troubles now. I can send myself a picture via the stock app or gosms and can see it has resized it to 150k+ for outgoing but when I receive it back it has resized to anything below 20k making it un viewable.

I started using the Handcent SMS app, instead of the stock one, and it seemed to fix the problem for me
Sent from my Nexus S using XDA App

[Q] APN Settings?

I am looking into the mms problems with Cyanogen and i need the full APN configuration if anyone has those or possibly could tell me where to go to get the apn settings. also i need to know where to go to get the msid (or min) for my phone. please and thank you
edit: i have found the msid,meid and esn settings. now i only need the apn configuration please

APN Settings
Found the settings myself finally after looking for a day lol.... here they are
Name: USCC
APN: internet
Proxy:
Port: 80
Username: [email protected]
Password: yourMSID
Server:
MMSC: http://mmsc1.uscc.net/mmsc/MMS
MMS Proxy:
MMS Port: 80
MCC: 310
MNC: 120
Authentication Type: PAP or CHAP
APN type: mms

veteranmina said:
I am looking into the mms problems with Cyanogen and i need the full APN configuration if anyone has those or possibly could tell me where to go to get the apn settings. also i need to know where to go to get the msid (or min) for my phone. please and thank you
edit: i have found the msid,meid and esn settings. now i only need the apn configuration please
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
just a FYI - the mms issue isn't a CM7 specific issue, it's affected every AOSP build we have out (including all the original ones that were developed by the fascinate guys)
Please do let us know how you fair, we've all started by loading the correct APN but there is far more to it than that - I'll point you here for reference on what could be the cause -> http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=12806384&postcount=773
Once we loaded the correct server info into the APN, it was trying to connect to the server but giving an error about WAP not being enabled - that's as far as we got with it.
And by the way, for future reference - only development topics should be posted here - this should have gone in general.

bdemartino said:
just a FYI - the mms issue isn't a CM7 specific issue, it's affected every AOSP build we have out (including all the original ones that were developed by the fascinate guys)
Please do let us know how you fair, we've all started by loading the correct APN but there is far more to it than that - I'll point you here for reference on what could be the cause -> http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=12806384&postcount=773
Once we loaded the correct server info into the APN, it was trying to connect to the server but giving an error about WAP not being enabled - that's as far as we got with it.
And by the way, for future reference - only development topics should be posted here - this should have gone in general.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Okay thanks for the info I was looking through some of the settings and noticed that the user settings for the server is setting to the verizon network yet it needs to be on the uscc.net network. i tried to change it but it changes the setting back to verizon.

veteranmina said:
Okay thanks for the info I was looking through some of the settings and noticed that the user settings for the server is setting to the verizon network yet it needs to be on the uscc.net network. i tried to change it but it changes the setting back to verizon.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
MMS doesn't work at all for any AOSP rom so sometimes we don't bother messing with APNs config when we port.

I've had plenty of APN problems while roaming with my US Cell phone. In April in December I traveled to Dallas, was in a building I couldn't get signal and when I came out the phone said "No APN Configured" - Once I landed in Milwaukee and powered on my phone again it worked just fine. Same thing happened again last week when I was out in a rural area.
I've grabbed APN Manager from the apps store and backed up my settings to restore them if this occurs again. I might get a chance to try that out this weekend since i'll be up in the middle of nowhere once again.
I can't recall exactly what I was running before but now i'm on the EC10 Heinz 57.

bdemartino said:
MMS doesn't work at all for any AOSP rom so sometimes we don't bother messing with APNs config when we port.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I need the APNS settings dump from the system/ect/apns-conf.xml from the original rom for USCC if you have any by chance. im going to set the apns settings back to all USCC but i need the original file to do so

Check out GO SMS. it has some mms options, you might be able to tweak them.
Sent from my CM7 SCH-i500

[Q] Manual Config for MMS in Windows Phone

Hello guys,
I have a problem in sending mms.after so many trying i used the Connection Setup (HTC App) and nothing changes... is there any way to config the mms setting manually? Is there any chance to cook a rom for manually mms settings or write a program to change it manually?

Under settings did you enable the use of MMS messaging?

what do u mean? can you explain more?

ask you carrier about the APN settings, this setting you just type in the settings>carrier settings (there where your data connection is) and at the bootom tap on the APN... there you should have some empty fields or if their not empty its because of the connection setup, but maybe connection setup has input wrong apn or proxyserver or port... just ask your service provider for apn settings for MMS. and at the end enable data connection because thats the only way to receive or send mms.

I did that but nothing happen and the problem still remains.
in the apn setting for windows phone some fields like "Name" , "Server" , "MMSC" and so on are gone...

may i ask which phone do you have,maybe your carrier have post a app in marketplace to set mms setting automatically , I use Samsung tools to set adc flag to make mms
work on my omnia 7,there is also an app in marketplace named network profile could do that,now i can use my lumia 800 send/receive mms without any setting.....

HTC Mozart
I'm after a way to config the mms manually ... I tried other ways

deleted

hr.salehi said:
I did that but nothing happen and the problem still remains.
in the apn setting for windows phone some fields like "Name" , "Server" , "MMSC" and so on are gone...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i can help you a little bit and say that not all field must be filled. my device has only APN, Proxyserver/URL, Proxyport filled. no username nothing. that's maybe to the carrier, just get the settings of your carrier, every carrier has that on its site under "manually configure mms" ili mms/internet... get me this info and i say you where to insert which and which ones are really needed.
try this way if you dont know this settings for now:
APN: mms."name of the carrier"."code of your land" (.com, .de, .gb, .cc...)
Proxyserver/URl: mms."name of the carrier"."code of your land" (as above...) /cmmsc/post
proxyport (try): 80 (or empty field if not working with 80) and at last point turn ON you data connection and try to send/receive mms. this codes for the server (mms. "...".com ... or other are simmilar on many places in the world. also for the "/cmmsc/post" that i simmilar to many carriers. just try if if you dont get your info from you carrier.

please explain more

Dinchy87 said:
i can help you a little bit and say that not all field must be filled. my device has only APN, Proxyserver/URL, Proxyport filled. no username nothing. that's maybe to the carrier, just get the settings of your carrier, every carrier has that on its site under "manually configure mms" ili mms/internet... get me this info and i say you where to insert which and which ones are really needed.
try this way if you dont know this settings for now:
APN: mms."name of the carrier"."code of your land" (.com, .de, .gb, .cc...)
Proxyserver/URl: mms."name of the carrier"."code of your land" (as above...) /cmmsc/post
proxyport (try): 80 (or empty field if not working with 80) and at last point turn ON you data connection and try to send/receive mms. this codes for the server (mms. "...".com ... or other are simmilar on many places in the world. also for the "/cmmsc/post" that i simmilar to many carriers. just try if if you dont get your info from you carrier.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have another phone (Nokia 5800 express music) and blow is the mms configuration of it :
Connection Name : MCCI MMS
Data bearer : Packet data
Access point name : mcinet
Username : None
prompt Password : No
Password : None
Authentication : Normal
Homepage : http://192.168.193.134:38090/was
Use Access point : After connection
I filled windows phone APN fields as below :
APN : mcinet
UserName :
Password :
Proxy server/URL : http://192.168.193.134
Proxy port : 38090
with the data connection ON but nothing work...

deleted

hr.salehi said:
I have another phone (Nokia 5800 express music) and blow is the mms configuration of it :
Connection Name : MCCI MMS
Data bearer : Packet data
Access point name : mcinet
Username : None
prompt Password : No
Password : None
Authentication : Normal
Homepage : http://192.168.193.134:38090/was
Use Access point : After connection
I filled windows phone APN fields as below :
APN : mcinet
UserName :
Password :
Proxy server/URL : http://192.168.193.134
Proxy port : 38090
with the data connection ON but nothing work...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
did you try the proxy without "http://" "just 192.168.193.134", next try without any port number. and if that not work, contact you carrier and ask if windows phone is supported and which data you must input for mms. do you have a website of your carrier? i'll ask them for you

Dinchy87 said:
did you try the proxy without "http://" "just 192.168.193.134", next try without any port number. and if that not work, contact you carrier and ask if windows phone is supported and which data you must input for mms. do you have a website of your carrier? i'll ask them for you
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes I tried that but nothing happened.I called the carrier and ask them if they can fix this and they said they have no idea about the problem
after a few days trying they said this is a problem from windows phone that don't let the customer set APN manually for MMS
Now I'm after MFG code for windows phone (HTC 7 Mozart) to access the factory menu and can change the mms configuration manually

hr.salehi said:
Yes I tried that but nothing happened.I called the carrier and ask them if they can fix this and they said they have no idea about the problem
after a few days trying they said this is a problem from windows phone that don't let the customer set APN manually for MMS
Now I'm after MFG code for windows phone (HTC 7 Mozart) to access the factory menu and can change the mms configuration manually
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
has somebody of your friends a wp7 on the same carrier? i dont think its an fault of windows phone. they made it that you can set all the parameters manually, and the whole world works like an charm and they say it windows phones fault? funny
they wont just to say that is their fault.

Dinchy87 said:
has somebody of your friends a wp7 on the same carrier? i dont think its an fault of windows phone. they made it that you can set all the parameters manually, and the whole world works like an charm and they say it windows phones fault? funny
they wont just to say that is their fault.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No they're right, the APN setting you talk about is Celluar APN and not about MMS.
The MMS do not need internet or celluar connection to send, i's like SMS.
the news said that in windows phone 8 we have the ability to set APN manually. in windows phone 7 it's automatic with sim card and the applications like Connection Setup or Network Setup are for reseting the configurations.
in LG windows phones by typing ##63# you reach the Factory Menu to set these configs manually but it seems HTC doesn't have one

hr.salehi said:
No they're right, the APN setting you talk about is Celluar APN and not about MMS.
The MMS do not need internet or celluar connection to send, i's like SMS.
the news said that in windows phone 8 we have the ability to set APN manually. in windows phone 7 it's automatic with sim card and the applications like Connection Setup or Network Setup are for reseting the configurations.
in LG windows phones by typing ##63# you reach the Factory Menu to set these configs manually but it seems HTC doesn't have one
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i now that on our wp7 today, and since 2010 till today, there is no ways of sending an MMS with data connection off. because MMS is not the same like sms. it is in the same messaging hub but not the same, you have a facbook chat and an windows live messenger in you messaging hub on our wp7 and it looks similar to sms, but it is not similar. the mms uses an other method how the "files" come from the server to you phone, and the server treats MMS an other way and not like sms. believe me. or just google "MMS" and if it would be a fault to wp7 just contact them that they solve it, but i know what they say: "it is related to the carrier and not to us"
the MMS comes to your phone in the same way like sms, and the server where your message land before your phone checks if you have an data connection with which you receive data within the MMS. with the difference to sms where the server dont check if you have an data connection, because your number is tied to a GSM and that enough for sending sms, but not MMS. and if you have data connection the server forwards the data within the mms to you, if you dont have data connection (not wifi) you get an sms (something like an mms deliver notification) but that far away from mms.