Database Info

[APP][2.2+] Simple lists app: Lists!

Update: 7/13 - added free version (ad supported) to market.
I've always wanted a very simple app to let me have lists on my phone - shopping lists, to-do lists, etc, but it seems like the ones on the market have too many features that get in the way of easily creating lists, adding items, marking items as complete, and that's about it. So, I went ahead and wrote my own.
As of now, I'm happy with the app, and I've been using it for a couple of months now with no problems. But, being my first Android app (I am a professional programmer, but work in the web & desktop worlds), I'm sure there are opportunities to add features/functionality that would enhance the pure list-making experience. I had though about drag-and-drop reordering of the lists, but that seems to be more difficult to implement than I anticipated. Aside from that, I'm all ears about how to make the app better, prettier, more efficient, and more useful.
See attached for screenshots:
1) Main Screen - add/delete/backup/restore lists here
2) Back up is a simple SQLite DB file copy to the SDCard
3) Here are items in one list. Notice that some are gray - these have been "cleared" or "marked" as being complete by the user, via a simple click/toggle. An item's "cleared" status persists in the database
4) Once you're done clearing items, you can remove them from the list and database. Or, alternatively, you can unmark all of them.
See attached for APK file...
As I said, any suggestions or criticisms would be welcomed - but keep in mind that this app has a narrow focus, and I want it be very good with regard to that focus.

EDIT: Forgot also that now the app has a minimum SDK version of 8, so this app will run on Froyo (2.2) and above
I've done quite a bit more work, and now this app is available in the Google Play store. Since I don't have 10 posts yet, it won't let me include a hyperlink but here's the URL:
Code:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kozzer.lists&feature=search_result#?t=W251bGwsMSwyLDEsImNvbS5rb3p6ZXIubGlzdHMiXQ..
You can also find it easily by searching on my Google Play developer name: WebKozzer.
The additions include:
* drag and drop reordering
* 2 themes (light and dark)
* Optional numbering of list items
* Edit list name, or item text
* Delete contents of list without deleting list itself
* Configurable backup path
and more!
Any comments or suggestions would be appreciated!

Added free, ad supported version to the market. Any feedback or feature requests would be welcomed. I was contemplating attempting to integrate voice commands. Like, once the app is open, you can use voice commands to do everything the app lets you do via touchscreen. It appears that this would require a fairly significant coding effort, and I'm not sure how useful that'd be either.

Both the pay and free versions have been updated. Some UI changes, undo functionality, and ability to add items using voice.
Play links:
Pay version
Free (ad) version

Update: 12/12 - Removed ads from Lists! Free.
Also/including:
More general cleanup
Removed network state / access permissions (since they were used for ads only)
APK size reduced by about 100kB (removed AdMob library)
Improved error handling

nice job keep working on it

imputazz said:
nice job keep working on it
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks! I'm always open to criticism and feature requests! And giving a rating and/or review on the Play Store would be much appreciated.

Some Useful Apps

1.SanDisk Memory Zone Android App, Manage All Files
Posted on Feb 20, 2012 in Productivity, Top Rated Apps | comment
The SanDisk Memory Zone Android app is a centralized hub for controlling, managing, and backing up your local device and cloud-based memory.
Version: 1.2.1
Size: 2.00MB (apps2SD enabled)
Category: Productivity
Price: Free
The SanDisk Memory Zone app supports your Android device’s local storage sources (e.g. internal memory and external SD card) as well as cloud services (e.g. Dropbox, Box, Google Docs, Picasa, and SugarSync).
The app’s main page displays a list of all the memory sources/accounts you use along with their current usage/limits. By clicking on a specific memory source you can view a breakdown of exactly what’s being stored, like the number of files in categories such as music, photos, videos, documents, and apps. By swiping up and down you can quickly switch between your various memory sources.
2.APP Lock Android App, Secure Private & Personal Info
Posted on Feb 17, 2012 in Tools, Top Rated Apps | comment
The APP Lock Android app is a simple solution for protecting some (or all) of your applications with a number passcode or lockscreen style pattern.
Version: 1.21
Size: 600KB (no apps2SD)
Category: Tools
Price: Free
When you launch APP Lock for the first time, you’ll be asked to choose a passcode or pattern that will be required to open APP Lock and any secured applications. As many of you already know, it’s best practice to use a completely unique password that would be difficult for someone to guess. Also, avoid using the same passcode or lockscreen pattern as you’ve set for the phone itself.
3.FEMA Android App, Emergency Preparedness Reference
Posted on Jan 30, 2012 in Reference, Top Rated Apps | comment
The FEMA Android app is the official emergency preparedness resource provided by the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Version: 1.1.0
Size: 633KB (no apps2SD)
Category: Reference
Price: Free
FEMA’s mission is to “support our citizens and first responders to ensure that as a nation we work together to build, sustain, and improve our capability to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards.” Regardless of where you might be from (U.S. or not), the information included in this app is quite universal.
4.My Pregnancy Today Android App, Daily Guide
Posted on Jan 18, 2012 in Health, Top Rated Apps | comment
The My Pregnancy Today Android app is a comprehensive daily pregnancy guide with a wealth of information for all expectant parents.
Version: 1.1.0
Size: 21.57MB (app2SD enabled)
Category: Health & Fitness
Price: Free
To get started with the app, enter (or calculate) your baby’s due date to instantly jump to the most relevant information in the pregnancy calendar. This calendar is the fundamental feature of the My Pregnancy Today app and provides week-specific developmental updates, videos, checklists, and more.
5.Screen Filter Android Widget, Advanced Brightness Control
Posted on Jun 11, 2011 in Tools, Top Rated Widgets | 1 comment
The Screen Filter Android widget lets you apply a brightness shade to your Android device’s screen.
Version: 1.2
Size: 52.75KB
Category: Tools
Price: Free
Reduce your screen’s brightness more effectively with the Screen Filter Android widget than you’d previously done with the default Android options. The brightness reduction is perfect for nighttime viewing, eBook reading, or for just saving battery.
Long-press your Android homescreen to find and create a new Screen Filter widget. When the customization options popup, use the slider to set the desired brightness level. The default, 48.6%, is a nice compromise between functionality and visibility. Use the example text to decide which setting is best for your needs. Additionally, there is an option to toggle the backlighting of soft-keys (menu, home, back, search). Unfortunately, the developer states that this feature doesn’t work for all Android devices (and didn’t consistently work on my Samsung Galaxy S phone).
For those of you who also use the Tasker or Locale Android apps, you’ll be happy to know this widget includes a plugin allowing you to enable brightness configurations based on time, location, etc.
If you think this post helps at least few people ..then few more updates will added regularly

6 Helpful Android Shopping Apps Information
1. ToMarket Grocery Shopping
​If you’re the type of person who keeps on forgetting to buy something after you’ve left the grocery, then this app is for you. ToMarket helps you list everything down before you head out. You can create your list by typing it directly in your phone, by uploading a CSV file, or by voice command. Everything is customizable; you can arrange items by category, and even by aisle depending on the store you’ve filtered. Moreover, it has a barcode scanner, a to-do list, and a coupon tracker. If you want to share your list via email or SMS
2. ShopSavvy
ShopSavvy is marketed as “the original barcode scanner for Android”, but it’s definitely more than that. If you want the best price for certain item, just type in the keyword or scan the barcode, and you’ll get a roster of online and brick-and-mortar places within your vicinity that sells it, as well as how it’s priced in each store. You can check out reviews to help you with your purchase, or you can add products you like to your wish list and monitor price changes. ShopSavvy also saves your history for later browsing, and is integrated with Facebook and Twitter. It’s a pretty good app for canvasing and casual shopping
3. Milo Local Shopping
You have probably experienced going to the mall only to find that what you wanted to buy was out-of-stock. Milo can help you avoid that hassle by giving you access to store shelves in your vicinity. Enter your keyword and the app will pull up nearby stores, and the number of stocks of the item you need. You’ll also get to compare prices so you know where you can get the best deal. Currently, it only works in the US, but we hope that they have plans of going international soon.
4. Shopkick
Shopkick is a geolocation-based app with a spin – not to mention freebies. Here’s how it works: once you walk in a partner store (like Target), the app recognizes where you are and immediately gives you “kickbucks”, which are reward points you need to accumulate in order to redeem your gift cards or Facebook Credits. The nice thing about is that you can redeem anywhere, so you don’t worry about searching for a faraway store branch just to get your freebies.
5. Google Catalogs
Google Catalogs is another great addition to the company’s wide array of applications. Designed specifically for tablets, it offers you hundreds of catalogs to browse through, lets you shop without leaving the app, and gives you the option to share the items you find interesting with friends via email. It’s under continuous development, so we can be sure that more catalogs will be added soon.
6. Egg Drop
Even if there are tons of shopping apps out there, Egg Drop manages to differentiate itself by focusing not just on what stores have for sale, but on what your neighbors have for sale. Everything works in real time, and should you have any questions, you can talk with the seller with the in-app messager. Planning to sell something? You can instantly upload a photo of your item as well as its price and you’re ready to go. It’s almost like Craiglist, only more functional, and it’s pretty nifty when it comes to searching for the best deals around. If you’re interested in online shopping but can’t stay put scanning auction sites all day long, then this app is for you.

I
I didnt know that apps.

why not post in Android forums instead?

lamborg said:
why not post in Android forums instead?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
He's cutting and pasting crap from the web to get to 10 posts.

Useful app
2xbattery
really works and save a lot of battery
---------- Post added at 09:20 PM ---------- Previous post was at 09:16 PM ----------
Goggles
recognize objects (watches), landscapes, persons, even solves Sudoku!

useful app
From all the apps, from the list, i think the Egg app, is what may be more interesting, as a shopping app.

Nice C&P-work...

I'd love the SanDisk app if it could ACTUALLY BACKUP MY SDCARD, and not just selected file types :banghead:
Sent from my GT-I9000 using Tapatalk 2

Thanks for C&P from Web !

AppAware is another way to discover those types of apps. The crowdsourcing app tracks what has become popular on the Android Market within a given timeframe, which provides a quick snapshot of what others are downloading.
AppAware narrows popular apps to within a week, day, or hour. As people begin to download Digg.com or Trapster, AppAware lists those as popular things that you may be interested in seeing. Users are then linked to Android Market entries for more information and download links. Most important of all is the “Installed by Me” feature that narrows listings by your location. This allows users to see apps popular by Android users in their community, making it easier to discover hyperlocal apps and filter out things that may be popular elsewhere but are useless to you (like Orkut).
KEY FEATURES
The “Top removed apps in the last hour” may also help determine what might be worth skipping (not always an indicator of poor apps, but can help you make decisions).
Offers popular Android Market listings based on time period or location

From all app that in the list only 1 is the great and very usefull SanDisk Memory. I love this app to back up my phone

muy interesante

For discovering apps also try AppTo
I also like SanDisk Memory

[APP][5.0+] One Piece Wallpapers. Application for all fans of anime/manga "One Piece"

[APP][5.0+] One Piece Wallpapers. Application for all fans of anime/manga "One Piece"
I am huge One Piece fan. IRL I'm currently working as back-end Java developer. I decided to expand my skills and learn Android development. When I started, I already knew that my first application will be about One Piece, because I really wanted to somehow contribute to community of this amazing manga series. 2 days ago I finally published it. It is a "mobile wallpaper gallery" application. Functionality is same as in similar apps: scroll through thousands of wallpapers, find what you like, download/set as wallpaper/share with your friends/add to favorites. But that wasn't enough for me, so I created more advanced features.
1. Strongest part of this app - Categories. I spent a lot of time creating this system. This system makes it very easy to find wallpapers with specific character. Every character has its own category (currently not all characters are implemented). And inside that category there are only wallpapers that are related to chosen character. For example if you open "Monkey D. Luffy" category:
You will only see wallpapers with Luffy on them (solo or with other characters).
You can also also press "Solo" button inside category and then you will see wallpapers where Luffy is without any other characters.
In the future even more filtering features will be added. It will be possible to filter by more than 1 character. For example if you enter "Luffy+Sabo+Ace", you will see wallpapers with Luffy, Sabo and Ace on them (together, without any other characters).
2. Completely free. Has ads in it for small profit. No annoying 15-30 seconds long ads. You can manually watch them to support developer.
3. Fully One Piece related. No characters from other anime.
4. Currently there are already 1200+ wallpapers. All of them are stored on my server. This means that you don't need to update application to see new content.
5. All preview pictures (those that are not fullscreen) are compressed to 5-15% of original file size. It means that all preview pictures will load really fast and won't use much internet data.
To-do for near future:
More content. New wallpapers, new characters in category (Reiju/Caesar/Bepo are ready, but not yet in app).
More features. Advanced filtering, "Set as lock screen" feature, more navigation (sorting).
Design improvements?
Add some basic stuff that people can view without internet connection.
Support for VERY big/small screens.
play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.clivelewis.onepiecegallery

[APP][5.0][ROOT] PrefEdit 2.0 | View & edit Shared Preferences of other apps!

PrefEdit, which started off as an app to help you view and edit Shared Preferences of other apps, has now slowly evolved into a full fledged application info and management app. With the additional capabilities of Shared Preference viewing and editing, it is now one of the most powerful app of its kind.
Features
1. Search - Helps you in searching the app you are looking, and also helps you in searching the preference key that you want to edit.
2. App details - Shows detailed information of an application.
3. Powerful shared preference editor - Lets you view and edit Shared Preferences of other apps.
4. Backup/restore - Local backups of the preference files are made before you save changes, which can later be restored in case something goes wrong.
5. Great UI - Makes use of Google's material design to provide a great user interface and most importantly, a great experience!
OK, so what is this Shared Preference actually?
Shared Preference is an Android framework, that many apps use to persist app specific settings/toggles/data. This data is stored in /data/data/<app package name>/shared_prefs folder in an XML file, which is why root access is needed to access them. Being able to explore them can give a decent idea of what data an app stores, and being able to change them can often enable the users to tweak various features of app (which may not be possible from within the app), and also often let users unlock features that are in testing. Have fun tinkering!
Companion app
Starting Android 11, a companion app is necessary to do the Shared Preference related functions, as in this version, there is a platform restriction that prevents apps from accessing /data/dara/<app package name> of other apps. Which is why the companion app is present to help workaround this restriction. Since the companion app has to target Android 10, it will not be available via Play Store, but it will be available for download from here. PrefEdit app will also prompt you to install it if necessary, but will never install it automatically.
Requirements
1. Root access - Root access is necessary to read and edit preference files. Without root access the app cannot work.
Link - Play Store (Screenshots can be found there)
Official site - PrefEdit
User manual - Link

Finally, an app that does this with good UI. Good job!

Not working, the application is not requist super user permissions

Qutayba Khader said:
Not working, the application is not requist super user permissions
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It should ask when you tap an app for the first time.
It may be possible that it asked but you missed out for some reason. Could you check your superuser/Magisk app and see if root is granted for PrefEdit?

corphish said:
It should ask when you tap an app for the first time.
It may be possible that it asked but you missed out for some reason. Could you check your superuser/Magisk app and see if root is granted for PrefEdit?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No, it's not in the list
Update: it works after uninstall the app and reboot and installing it again.
Thanks alot, and sorry

PrefEdit v1.0 is here!
PrefEdit 1.0 brings a brand new UI, cool new features and critical bug fixes.
Detailed changelog
New UI - UI of PrefEdit has been re-designed from scratch, keeping a high quality user experience in mind.
Default layout is updated, which will now present useful actions in the form of cards instead of showing all applications by default.
Accessing apps is now only possible through searching. This is done to greatly improve speed of operations as listing all applications took a lot of time.
Since the search functionality is going to be used more than ever, it has been moved to the bottom of the screen for easier access.
To speed things up even more, the app keeps track of recently searched apps and presents them to you in subsequent uses of the app.
In-app update functionality also gets its own card and is much more responsive.
Updated the UI of showing preference keys and values. Preference keys and their corresponding values are now grouped by their types and displayed.
Updated alert dialog button styles.
Preference key searching in all shared preference files of an app - It is now possible to search preference keys across all the preference files of an app, and the search is fast! Simply search the key you want in the section which lists all the preference files of the app, and it will show preference key results as well.
Improved performance in loading preference keys of a file of an app.
Pro features - Introducing pro features, which can be unlocked by an in-app purchase.
Shapes - This unique UI customization lets you choose the shape of various UI elements of the app. Choose from 4 different shapes to suit your taste.
Colorful icons - Lets you choose whether or not to use colorful icons.
Bug fixes -
Fixed searching of newly added preference keys.
Fixed a critical bug which would save only preference keys and values which would be present in search results.
Fixed a crash which would occur after “Remove Ads” was purchased.
Fixed a bug which would show ads even when “Remove Ads” was purchased.
Library updates.
Update is rolling out in stable channels of XDA Labs and Play store.

Thanks!But what this app actually does?

PrefEdit v2.0 changelog​PrefEdit began as an app that lets users view and edit shared preferences of other apps, but slowly it has evolved into a full fledged “Application information” app. With the v2 update, the evolution is complete, and with the original ability of shared preferences viewing/editing, it has now become one of the most powerful apps of its kind.
Changelog​
Detailed info of applications is shown - PrefEdit now shows detailed info about an application (example - information about Minimum SDK, Target SDK, version and more). It also lets you perform the following additional actions.
Visit the system settings page of an application.
Visit the Play Store page of an app (if applicable).
Launch the app (if at all it can be launched).
Launch one of the app's activities directly (needs root access).
Next generation Shared Preference editor - The shared preference editor has been re-written from scratch, which now makes it much easier to visualise the changes and view them.
Shared Preferences are now grouped and shown in different tabs with count.
Bigger view for editing a shared preference entry.
Ability to delete a shared preference entry (both user created and existing ones).
New visual clues for various operations - New entries that are not saved are now marked in green, updated entries are marked in blue, while the deleted entries are marked in red. Once the user saves the changes, these visual clues go away, as they only indicate changes that are not saved.
New revert option that cancels all the unsaved changes and reverts back to the original state.
Multiple methods of restoring backups.
Review option lets the user review the changes that would be brought by the backup. All the visual clues are highlighted for the changes that would be brought by the backup. Once the review is done, users can save the changes to complete the restore.
Direct copy method directly copies the backup file to the app’s shared preference file location. Use this method if you think that there are issues caused when saving preference files with the app.
Restoring backups will automatically revert all the current changes in the session and then proceed with the restore.
For devices running Android 11 and up, a companion app is needed to perform the SharedPreference related operations. PrefEdit will automatically prompt you to download the companion app if you are eligible.
A dedicated user manual has been created which can be accessed at https://avinabadalal.com/products/prefedit/manual.
Brand new user interface - The user interface has also been re-designed from ground up, which is now tile based and more colorful than ever, and is partially inline with the upcoming “Material You” design guidelines (pure coincidence).
Updated about section - About section is updated which now provides the following links.
Data usage which lets the user understand what data is used by the app and how it uses it.
Privacy policy.
User manual.
Option to contact our support handle.
Translations - PrefEdit is now available in Indoesian language.
Performance improvements - Various performance improvements were made to ensure smooth operations.
Long running operations like finding apps and parsing preference files are guaranteed to be running in background, which ensures that the main thread is not blocked and hence no ANRs.
Progress indicators are now placed wherever applicable to indicate a long running background operation.
Improved list rendering performance.
Improved list scrolling performance.
Improved animations for list manipulations. Changes to the list are now shown in a much smoother way with animations.
Improved stability - MVVM architecture which is the recommended approach as per Google is now adopted completely. End result should be much fewer crashes.
Bug fixes - As always, we have fixed some bugs.
Fixed crashes that would be caused when preference entry values would contain illegal characters (from XML point of view). We are now escaping those values as much as possible.
Privacy updates - In this release, we have made changes with regards to privacy to comply with the recommended privacy friendly practices that are recommended by Google.
Storage permission is no longer required to store and read backup files, as they are now stored in app specific directory in shared storage, which is as per best practices for Android.
As a result, we have also removed the “requestLegacyExternalStorage” flag which was earlier necessary to target SDK 29.
Library updates -
Updated AGP to 6.7.
Targets SDK 30 (Android 11). Is clear to target SDK 31 (Android 12) as soon as it is released to the public in Fall 2021.
Uses the latest Kotlin 1.5.0 release.
Uses the newer magisk libsu library for root operations.

Removed from the Play Store?

[CLOSED] Unique App #1: Folder Sync

Hello community!
Google Play Store has millions of apps, and if I have to put a rough estimate, I would say over 70% of them are copy cats, are very poorly designed and offer little value to the user.
What that means for the end user is difficulty in finding a good app. I made a post earlier on the Best Android Apps I have found in several categories over the years.
This post intends to find something unique about an app you use. Please list the app (or apps) that you use which offer something very unique not available in (most) other apps.
Thanks.

Here I'll post a summary of all apps mentioned in comments to make it easier for users to find them.

FolderSync - Apps on Google Play
FolderSync enables easy sync of files between cloud storage and Android devices.
play.google.com
A very basic feature, File Organization, is unfortunately missing in File Manager apps. A lot of file manager apps offer much more than file management, yet they leave out this extremely fundamental aspect about file management.
Folder Sync allows you to create your own set of rules to organize files. This is extremely useful for the Downloads folder which contains several different types of files. Despite 'SEARCH' and 'SORT' features available, it is often helpful to organize files in sub-folders for specific reasons. This app helps do just that.
User can create rules to look for specific file extensions (multiple extensions can be used in a single rule) and move all files that match specified criteria into pre-defined sub-folders. I use it to organize my Downloads folder that contains the following sub-folders: Documents, Archives, Music, Pictures, Videos, Apps.
This is the only app on Google Play Store that does automatic File Organization perfectly well, and this aspect makes it UNIQUE.
ALTERNATIVES
1. Redirect Pro: not available on Play Store and not updated in a long time. It still works well even on Android 11.
2. BFileSync: Available on Play Store but not updated in a long time. Biggest problem with this app is that it changes the timestamps of files, making it unusable. But if that is not important to you, it will get the job done.
You'll find more such unique apps here:
Best Android Apps...
The list presented here is a collection of excellent apps (at the time of writing this) that excel in what they do (and supposed to do). They may or may not fit into the requirements of everyone perfectly. So choose whatever works best for you...
forum.xda-developers.com

Multiling O Keyboard
This app is ridiculously customizable. Unique about this app is DIY layout feature. I can't able find any other app like this easy to make DIY layout. Also no internet permission makes it privacy friendly.

HemanthJabalpuri said:
Multiling O Keyboard
This app is ridiculously customizable. Unique about this app is DIY layout feature. I can't able find any other app like this easy to make DIY layout. Also no internet permission makes it privacy friendly.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What customizations do you do in a keyboard app?

Hi, may I suggest App Finder?
As far as I know it's the only advanced search engine for Android apps available as an app itself.
(There's the AppBrain app, but this has for example no range filters, and the result list is very basic)
And also if you compare it to web search engine for Android apps (like appagg, appshive, reallyfreeapps, playsearch, play.gqqnbig), it's search operators, many filters, detailed result list with scalable screenshots, flexible UI, and number of indexed apps make it unique.

jake n said:
Hi, may I suggest App Finder?
As far as I know it's the only advanced search engine for Android apps available as an app itself.
(There's the AppBrain app, but this has for example no range filters, and the result list is very basic)
And also if you compare it to web search engine for Android apps (like appagg, appshive, reallyfreeapps, playsearch, play.gqqnbig), it's search operators, many filters, detailed result list with scalable screenshots, flexible UI, and number of indexed apps make it unique.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Very interesting and unique. I have added it to the Utilities section here.

Unique App #1: MiXplorer
Staying on the topic of file explorers, a few years ago I stumbled on this very app. I have been using it since then. No matter I am rooted or not I use this app daily.
Unique features which I like
- Small package
- Regularly updated
- Ability to download or copy shortcuts in the share menu of Android
- Share local link feature to access files on network (minimum steps required)
- Can play music, videos, pdf and tons of other file formats
- Zip features
- Root explorer
- Add Ons
many more...
Totally functional app
Thank you for taking the time read
peace

ahm_usa said:
Ability to download or copy shortcuts in the share menu of Android
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Can you elaborate on this?
Mixplorer is a very good file manager with plenty of customisations. But what are some unique features about it that other file managers don't support?

TheMystic said:
Very interesting and unique. I have added it to the Utilities section here.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
thank you!

MOD ACTION:
Thread closed.
@TheMystic
Since you already have a thread HERE, and you also link it in post #7 above, this thread is redundant and hence closed. Please avoid creating multiple threads for discussing apps.