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Purchased the G955FD, should I worry about CSC?

Hi all
I just purchased the International S8+ dual Sim variant, the G955FD, from eBay.
I live in Canada and will be using both a Telus Sim and a Rogers Sim.
Is there anything I need to worry about regarding the CSC type?
I found this thread, https://forum.xda-developers.com/ga...ility-flashable-csc-selection-v1-0-0-t3605264
So it seems easy enough - I just don't know if and when I need to change the type.
And should I even be changing it to Telus or Rogers, since they don't have this variant?
And yes this is my first Samsung phone
And input is appreciated!
Edit: if it matters, I don't use wifi calling for either Telus or Rogers. I also plan on simply rooting the phone with magisk to make some mods, and put on Android pay

Just curious. Where was your Duos sourced from?

chompx2 said:
Just curious. Where was your Duos sourced from?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Great question.
As I did more reading on the device I checked the eBay listing and didn't see exactly where it's sourced from. I should have it in hand by Wednesday and I'll try to validate then. What should I be looking for?
Is there a specific source country that works better than others?

zoltrix said:
Hi all
I just purchased the International S8+ dual Sim variant, the G955FD, from eBay.
I live in Canada and will be using both a Telus Sim and a Rogers Sim.
Is there anything I need to worry about regarding the CSC type?
I found this thread, https://forum.xda-developers.com/ga...ility-flashable-csc-selection-v1-0-0-t3605264
So it seems easy enough - I just don't know if and when I need to change the type.
And should I even be changing it to Telus or Rogers, since they don't have this variant?
And yes this is my first Samsung phone
And input is appreciated!
Edit: if it matters, I don't use wifi calling for either Telus or Rogers. I also plan on simply rooting the phone with magisk to make some mods, and put on Android pay
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Firstly, congratulations on the new phone. I've got a 955FD as well.
It doesn't matter where the phone is sourced from, although if you want to check, you can go in to settings > about > software information > service provider information and see the CSCs listed there, in this format 'XXX/XXX/XXX'
The first one is the active CSC on the device at the time of you checking, the second one is the CSC for the SIM card currently being used, and the third CSC which can not be changed at ALL is the one from which country the device was sourced.
I'm in Pakistan so for me the CSC format is: PAK/PAK/MID
First two are PAK because that's the CSC for my SIM card and because it's the active CSC on my device, however the last one always remains as MID since that's where my device was imported from.
Canada has no CSCs available for the G955FD sicne it's the Exynos variant and the one sold in Canda is the G955W which is Single SIM and SD835, however the CSCs should work regardless of device variant. You can flash the CSC for whichever is your main SIM card, or whichever you use more often. Either Telus or Rogers, entirely up to you.
The benefits of flashing your carriers CSC is getting stuff like VoLTE and WiFi calling (and sometimes even 4G+/LTE+) to work. No harm in doing it since you're going to root anyway, so make sure to flash whichever one you prefer.
Magisk, rooting, mods, that's all fine, but do confirm properly about Android Pay before actually going ahead and rooting.
Samsung Pay will not work in Canada with the 955FD, and will definitely not work anywhere at all once you've rooted and tripped the KNOX warranty counter. Android Pay can be tricked into working by passing SafetyNet with Magisk, not sure if this still works or not though.
Other than that you should't have any issues.
If you've got any more questions, just tag me or quote this post and I'll be happy to help.
Regards,
murtaza02

murtaza02 said:
Firstly, congratulations on the new phone. I've got a 955FD as well.
It doesn't matter where the phone is sourced from, although if you want to check, you can go in to settings > about > software information > service provider information and see the CSCs listed there, in this format 'XXX/XXX/XXX'
The first one is the active CSC on the device at the time of you checking, the second one is the CSC for the SIM card currently being used, and the third CSC which can not be changed at ALL is the one from which country the device was sourced.
I'm in Pakistan so for me the CSC format is: PAK/PAK/MID
First two are PAK because that's the CSC for my SIM card and because it's the active CSC on my device, however the last one always remains as MID since that's where my device was imported from.
Canada has no CSCs available for the G955FD sicne it's the Exynos variant and the one sold in Canda is the G955W which is Single SIM and SD835, however the CSCs should work regardless of device variant. You can flash the CSC for whichever is your main SIM card, or whichever you use more often. Either Telus or Rogers, entirely up to you.
The benefits of flashing your carriers CSC is getting stuff like VoLTE and WiFi calling (and sometimes even 4G+/LTE+) to work. No harm in doing it since you're going to root anyway, so make sure to flash whichever one you prefer.
Magisk, rooting, mods, that's all fine, but do confirm properly about Android Pay before actually going ahead and rooting.
Samsung Pay will not work in Canada with the 955FD, and will definitely not work anywhere at all once you've rooted and tripped the KNOX warranty counter. Android Pay can be tricked into working by passing SafetyNet with Magisk, not sure if this still works or not though.
Other than that you should't have any issues.
If you've got any more questions, just tag me or quote this post and I'll be happy to help.
Regards,
murtaza02
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you!
The break down is very much appreciated.
Is there any issue with flashing (via TWRP or Odin?) random CSCs?
Since there is no G955FD in Canada, I don't want to break anything.
I'm very comfortable with flashing and modding the heck out of Android phones, but Samsung seems to be a totally different ball game lol

I obtained a Galaxy S8+ G955FD Dual Sim from e-Bay as well, sourced from UAE. I was able to register US issued MasterCard and Visa on Samsung Pay.
I am on T-Mobile, other than not having WIFI calling, the G955FD works great. Rooting the phone would most likely break the Samsung Pay. So that is a decision you need to make.

zoltrix said:
Thank you!
The break down is very much appreciated.
Is there any issue with flashing (via TWRP or Odin?) random CSCs?
Since there is no G955FD in Canada, I don't want to break anything.
I'm very comfortable with flashing and modding the heck out of Android phones, but Samsung seems to be a totally different ball game lol
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No issues at all. Plenty of people in the US using the Exynos variants and they've all flashed the necessary CSCs when required.
Flash TWRP using Odin and then use the flashable CSC selection mod to choose whatever CSC you'd like to flash.
Sent from my SM-G955F

chompx2 said:
I obtained a Galaxy S8+ G955FD Dual Sim from e-Bay as well, sourced from UAE. I was able to register US issued MasterCard and Visa on Samsung Pay.
I am on T-Mobile, other than not having WIFI calling, the G955FD works great. Rooting the phone would most likely break the Samsung Pay. So that is a decision you need to make.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
murtaza02 said:
No issues at all. Plenty of people in the US using the Exynos variants and they've all flashed the necessary CSCs when required.
Flash TWRP using Odin and then use the flashable CSC selection mod to choose whatever CSC you'd like to flash.
Sent from my SM-G955F
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks guys.
I'll assume that flashing TWRP is going to trip knox, right? therefore flashing a localized CSC is going to require me tripping knox.
Which hey, if Android Pay works fine then i don't need to use Samsung Pay i guess.
If i dont change my CSC, then will my phone receive OTAs when they're released in whatever country its sourced from?
Will changing my CSC to a Canadian one mean i'll start seeing Canadian OTAs?
What about manually flashing official images? Do i have to make sure that the file i'm using matches the CSC as well?
And lastly, are the S8 and S8+ images the same file? Or are ROMs for the S8 100% compatible with the S8+?

zoltrix said:
Thanks guys.
I'll assume that flashing TWRP is going to trip knox, right? therefore flashing a localized CSC is going to require me tripping knox.
Which hey, if Android Pay works fine then i don't need to use Samsung Pay i guess.
If i dont change my CSC, then will my phone receive OTAs when they're released in whatever country its sourced from?
Will changing my CSC to a Canadian one mean i'll start seeing Canadian OTAs?
What about manually flashing official images? Do i have to make sure that the file i'm using matches the CSC as well?
And lastly, are the S8 and S8+ images the same file? Or are ROMs for the S8 100% compatible with the S8+?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Flashing anything other than a Samsung Stock ROM will trip KNOX. Including TWRP. The Canadian CSC using the flashable CSC selector will have no effect on KNOX since it'll already have been tripped because of TWRP.
If you don't change your CSC, and are rooted with Magisk and have mods, you won't get any OTAs since the phone is rooted.
And no, changing to a Canadian CSC will not get you Canadian OTAs since the Canadian variant has the Snapdragon 835 and the 955FD you're getting has an Exynos 8895, so OTAs and stock ROMs are most definitely not interchangeable.
Manually flashing stock ROMs is possible, I suggest you flash the newest one available when you get the phone, which is G955FXXU1AQK7. And honestly, because there's been a major overhaul in how CSCs work on the S8, you can just grab any firmware and flash it and it'll stay on the CSC your phone came from because it can't switch to a Canadian one without you manually doing it.
S8/S8+ images are not the same and you can't flash S8 images on an S8+ or S8+ images on an S8.
Only S8+ (G955F/G955FD) stock ROMs will work on your phone.
However, since you're going through all the effort to root, change CSC and flash Magisk Mods, might as well use a custom ROM?
They get updated regularly so you don't have to keep flashing the stock ROM, and you can still have root, CSC mods and everything but with a few extra features and possibly better performance.

zoltrix said:
Great question.
As I did more reading on the device I checked the eBay listing and didn't see exactly where it's sourced from. I should have it in hand by Wednesday and I'll try to validate then. What should I be looking for?
Is there a specific source country that works better than others?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
zoltrix said:
Thanks guys.
I'll assume that flashing TWRP is going to trip knox, right? therefore flashing a localized CSC is going to require me tripping knox.
Which hey, if Android Pay works fine then i don't need to use Samsung Pay i guess.
If i dont change my CSC, then will my phone receive OTAs when they're released in whatever country its sourced from?
Will changing my CSC to a Canadian one mean i'll start seeing Canadian OTAs?
What about manually flashing official images? Do i have to make sure that the file i'm using matches the CSC as well?
And lastly, are the S8 and S8+ images the same file? Or are ROMs for the S8 100% compatible with the S8+?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I got my S8+ over Thanksgiving and have been using this for less than 2 weeks. I received an OTA update a few days ago. It was an Android security patch dated November 1, 2017. So, I am getting security patch updates.

murtaza02 said:
Flashing anything other than a Samsung Stock ROM will trip KNOX. Including TWRP. The Canadian CSC using the flashable CSC selector will have no effect on KNOX since it'll already have been tripped because of TWRP.
If you don't change your CSC, and are rooted with Magisk and have mods, you won't get any OTAs since the phone is rooted.
And no, changing to a Canadian CSC will not get you Canadian OTAs since the Canadian variant has the Snapdragon 835 and the 955FD you're getting has an Exynos 8895, so OTAs and stock ROMs are most definitely not interchangeable.
Manually flashing stock ROMs is possible, I suggest you flash the newest one available when you get the phone, which is G955FXXU1AQK7. And honestly, because there's been a major overhaul in how CSCs work on the S8, you can just grab any firmware and flash it and it'll stay on the CSC your phone came from because it can't switch to a Canadian one without you manually doing it.
S8/S8+ images are not the same and you can't flash S8 images on an S8+ or S8+ images on an S8.
Only S8+ (G955F/G955FD) stock ROMs will work on your phone.
However, since you're going through all the effort to root, change CSC and flash Magisk Mods, might as well use a custom ROM?
They get updated regularly so you don't have to keep flashing the stock ROM, and you can still have root, CSC mods and everything but with a few extra features and possibly better performance.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
chompx2 said:
I got my S8+ over Thanksgiving and have been using this for less than 2 weeks. I received an OTA update a few days ago. It was an Android security patch dated November 1, 2017. So, I am getting security patch updates.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you
So maybe the first think i do is try and see how long i can go without having to root it / put on TWRP.
If i dont touch anything, including the CSC, will i receive OTAs as the source country gets them ? or am i out of band and therefore am on my own?

zoltrix said:
Thank you
So maybe the first think i do is try and see how long i can go without having to root it / put on TWRP.
If i dont touch anything, including the CSC, will i receive OTAs as the source country gets them ? or am i out of band and therefore am on my own?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you don't change anything, you will get CSCs for wherever the phone was sourced from.
Sent from my SM-G955F

Just got the phone!
It's CSC is XSG/XSG/XSG which looks like "United Arab Emirates unbranded"
First thing im noticing is that it's not restoring my Google backups
Is this because it's a samsung phone and i need to use the Samsung backup feature instead?

zoltrix said:
Just got the phone!
It's CSC is XSG/XSG/XSG which looks like "United Arab Emirates unbranded"
First thing im noticing is that it's not restoring my Google backups
Is this because it's a samsung phone and i need to use the Samsung backup feature instead?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It is indeed a UAE phone, good place to be sourced from since XSG gets updates fairly quickly compared to other CSCs.
What issue did you face when restoring the Google backup and how exactly did you try to restore it?
Some people have reported that the Samsung Pay app installed on XSG phones works well in other countries, so you can try that out if you want, otherwise Android Pay should work fine.

murtaza02 said:
It is indeed a UAE phone, good place to be sourced from since XSG gets updates fairly quickly compared to other CSCs.
What issue did you face when restoring the Google backup and how exactly did you try to restore it?
Some people have reported that the Samsung Pay app installed on XSG phones works well in other countries, so you can try that out if you want, otherwise Android Pay should work fine.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you!
Yes, i actually just got a notification for an OTA. I think the December security patches.
Which is aweosme, so i'm not going to flash a different CSC because i dont think i need to at this time!
Regarding the backups; I was expecting to log in to this phone and get all my apps that were installed on my last phone.
But then i realized that htis is a brand new phone and i dont have a backup to restore to!
So i just manually installed the apps i needed and was on my way.
Lastly, yes, i just installed Android Pay and it works perfectly fine.
Thanks for all the help!

zoltrix said:
Thank you!
Yes, i actually just got a notification for an OTA. I think the December security patches.
Which is aweosme, so i'm not going to flash a different CSC because i dont think i need to at this time!
Regarding the backups; I was expecting to log in to this phone and get all my apps that were installed on my last phone.
But then i realized that htis is a brand new phone and i dont have a backup to restore to!
So i just manually installed the apps i needed and was on my way.
Lastly, yes, i just installed Android Pay and it works perfectly fine.
Thanks for all the help!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If your previous phone is an android phone and you use Google ID on that phone, you should have no problem restoring your apps. The Play Store remembers your Google ID and all of your apps should be restored if you log in with you Google ID.

Im noticing now that of my 2 SIM cards, one is usually around 80% strength, while the other is around 50% strength.
is this possibly an issue with using the wrong CSC for my region?
Or maybe since only one SIM can use LTE at a time, the other SIM is stuck on 2g/3g and it just has crappy reception becuase those towers arnt really in use anymore in my area?

zoltrix said:
Im noticing now that of my 2 SIM cards, one is usually around 80% strength, while the other is around 50% strength.
is this possibly an issue with using the wrong CSC for my region?
Or maybe since only one SIM can use LTE at a time, the other SIM is stuck on 2g/3g and it just has crappy reception becuase those towers arnt really in use anymore in my area?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah, that is probably the case.
I had taken my 955FD to UAE earlier this year, used my local UAE SIM in slot 1 for LTE, and my Pakistani SIM card in slot 2 so I could still get texts on that number. Battery life did take a significant hit since the signal strength on one of the SIMs was quite low.
Changing CSCs may or may not have an effect on the signal strength. A good way to check is by using the SIM with poor signal strength in another phone with the same network mode, and see if you get the same results, if so, changing CSC will do nothing. If the difference is very large, then you could consider flashing the CSC although I wouldn't recommend rooting your phone just for a CSC change, especially if you aren't facing difficulties in making calls/sending texts/using data.

I have a 955FD XSG also. Using AT&T. I managed to enable VoLTE by quickly putting the sim on an att branded phone and returning the sim to my phone. I now have the VoLTE toggle and calls are placed over LTE but I can't seem to get the wifi calling toggle to appear.

Luish77 said:
I have a 955FD XSG also. Using AT&T. I managed to enable VoLTE by quickly putting the sim on an att branded phone and returning the sim to my phone. I now have the VoLTE toggle and calls are placed over LTE but I can't seem to get the wifi calling toggle to appear.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
WiFi calling won't appear without the AT&T CSC.
Sent from my SM-G955F

How to enable VoLTE on SM-G930F?

I was wondering if it's possible to enable VoLTE on an SM-G930F running BTU firmware on an AT&T carrier. Is there any way to get things like WiFi Calling and VoLTE on it, or am I just screwed since I'm using the international variant of the phone?
When I first got it brand new from Wal-Mart, it was running TTT firmware (from Trinidad and Tobago for some reason) and showed normal 3G, 4G, and LTE symbols on my status bar. Since I wanted to get the Nougat update early, I flashed BTU which switched the symbols to H, H+, and 4G. Does that have anything to do with it?
Thanks.

You're certain it's a G930F? And from Walmart of all places? Exynos isn't meant to be sold in the US.
If it's a G930F and you have TWRP you can flash the CSC tool in the development section which has the US carriers, and CSC is what enables VoLTE.
If it's a US snapdragon model you could flash the AT&T CSC via Odin without needing TWRP.

Beanvee7 said:
You're certain it's a G930F? And from Walmart of all places? Exynos isn't meant to be sold in the US.
If it's a G930F and you have TWRP you can flash the CSC tool in the development section which has the US carriers, and CSC is what enables VoLTE.
If it's a US snapdragon model you could flash the AT&T CSC via Odin without needing TWRP.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If OP successfully flashed BTU then it has to be a Exynos G930F, but I agree, most phones sold in the US claiming to be the G930F are modded Snapdragons faked to look like it, but they obviously won't allow a Exynos ROM to be flashed to them, so in this case OP has got a real Exynos
Could be the modem (CP) part of the firmware controlling which carrier services you can receive in your region, not sure I'd recommend flashing a US modem to a UK firmware though, unsure what would happen, although the G930F is pretty straight forward to unbrick as long as you can get back into download mode

Beanvee7 said:
If it's a G930F and you have TWRP you can flash the CSC tool in the development section which has the US carriers, and CSC is what enables VoLTE.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Where is this CSC tool? I'm not sure what you mean by "development section". I have an Oreo G930F and I'm trying to get VoLTE to work with AT&T.

Feenix0 said:
Where is this CSC tool? I'm not sure what you mean by "development section". I have an Oreo G930F and I'm trying to get VoLTE to work with AT&T.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It hasn't been updated with the newer versions of Android so it's not really a thing anymore.
Next best thing is to download the entire firmware package for your carrier from somewhere like updato then flash only the home_CSC file. Although iirc this might now work if mixing and matching models, which is why the CSC flash tool was a thing.

Beanvee7 said:
It hasn't been updated with the newer versions of Android so it's not really a thing anymore.
Next best thing is to download the entire firmware package for your carrier from somewhere like updato then flash only the home_CSC file. Although iirc this might now work if mixing and matching models, which is why the CSC flash tool was a thing.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The trouble is that the G930F was never officially released on US markets, so I can't find a US firmware. I'd gladly use another market's firmware if I knew it would support AT&T VoLTE and "LTE only" mode, but I have no idea how to figure that out!

So it turns out that I have the Canadian SM-G930W8 (as shown on the download mode screen), not the G930F (as shown everywhere else). Identical hardware, but I can only flash Canadian firmware.

Can i flash sm-g970f international to sm-g970n exynos?

Is it safe to flash the sm-g970f international variant to sm-g970n korean variant?
Its factory unlocked and i just want to get rid or the carrier branding specially the boot animation and possibly change the warnings to english also
Both units are exynos but the sm-g970n is single sim

Get the KOO firmware which is unbranded (SKC/KTC/LUC are carrier branded). You might kill the phone if you try to flash the international one.

Flashing to KOO won't solve the warning Korean language issue also i know for a fact it possible to flash the sm-g970f on sm-g970n because i received my phone that way but there's an issues no updates for example.
I have no idea how the seller did it probably not by odin.

Has anyone confirmed yet whether doing this with Odin or Heimdall is possible? And if it is, will the frequency bands used by the F variant be utilised? I noticed some cheap N variant phones for sale on ebay, but the bands are different to the F variants which were sold locally.

Can I flash a firmware with a different CSC code?

I recently bought an unlocked AT&T Samsung S20 ULTRA 5G (SM-G988U), it doesn't get any OTA updates, I found out that I would need an AT&T sim card to do so but I'm not an US resident, so I can't get one.
Since AT&T doesn't publicly publish their firmware files and I want to update my phone, I was wondering if flashing my phone using another firmware with a different CSC code like USC (US cellular), would be risky or is it a safe procedure?
This would be my first time doing this procedure and that's the only part that really got me thinking.
Thanks!

U firmware is identical, no matter which carrier it's from. So if AT&T's latest release ends in UH2 and there is also a UH2 firmware from US Cellular, flashing it would be just like flashing the AT&T firmware, if it were available

Also have same question I have Samsung S20 . SM-G988U , service provider software version SAOMC_SM-G988U_OYN_ATT_RR_0018ATT/ATT/ATT Baseband Version G988USQS2SUE2, I am not able to get new updates as I am not in US, I need suggestion which firmware of android 12 I should update on my phone.

Question I have an unlocked AT&T Galaxy S21+ outside of the US. If I flash a different firmware(USA - USC) with a different CSC, will I be able to receive OTA

Hello, I would like to preface this by saying that I don't actually live in the US. I got this used unlocked AT&T Galaxy S21+ a few months back and an issue I noticed after using it for a while was the fact I was not receiving any OTA updates due to the fact I was not using an AT&T SIM card.
Now I want to switch AT&T to carrier-free firmware where I will be able to get regular OTA updates automatically
My current specs:
Model: SM-G996U
chip: Snapdragon 888
Baseband version : G996USQU1ATLF
CSC : G996UOYN1ATLF
AP/CP : G996USQU1ATLF
Is it suitable for installation?
https://www.sammobile.com/samsung/g.../SM-G996U/USC/download/G996USQU5CVDB/1640229/
N.B/: May doing this flash will brick or damage my phone?
On SamMobile, underneath my device model, there list of several firmware labeled with different US carriers. As long as the firmware I flash is under the model number I have (SM-G996U), nothing should break, right?
Please suggest me firmware. I want to get rid of carrier barrier and want to get regular updates automatically safely.

Did you try the rom? I have the same problem

OTA is CSC based. You'd have to use Samkey to unlock the CSC to a unlocked US one.

Flash the u1 xaa firmware. Works on my phone in canada

I have a similar issue!
So I received a refurbished S21+, it is unlocked and all but it has AT&T bloatware and I can't update to oneui 5.0... I live in italy but this phone comes from Germany and apparently has a US AT&T firmware (SM-G996U-OYN-ATT). I was following a tutorial with odin to flash to SM-G996B with ITV, which is the italian version with android 12 and oneui 4.1.1 is it safe to do so and then get the android 13 update the standard way? Could I straight up get android 13 and oneui 5 flashing the most recent rom or is it even worse?
The other solution I thought about is that I could just get the U1 XAA, but i have U for now and I don't quite understand if it's completely risk free or not.

Shohan112 said:
Hello, I would like to preface this by saying that I don't actually live in the US. I got this used unlocked AT&T Galaxy S21+ a few months back and an issue I noticed after using it for a while was the fact I was not receiving any OTA updates due to the fact I was not using an AT&T SIM card.
Now I want to switch AT&T to carrier-free firmware where I will be able to get regular OTA updates automatically
My current specs:
Model: SM-G996U
chip: Snapdragon 888
Baseband version : G996USQU1ATLF
CSC : G996UOYN1ATLF
AP/CP : G996USQU1ATLF
Is it suitable for installation?
https://www.sammobile.com/samsung/g.../SM-G996U/USC/download/G996USQU5CVDB/1640229/
N.B/: May doing this flash will brick or damage my phone?
On SamMobile, underneath my device model, there list of several firmware labeled with different US carriers. As long as the firmware I flash is under the model number I have (SM-G996U), nothing should break, right?
Please suggest me firmware. I want to get rid of carrier barrier and want to get regular updates automatically safely.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm having the same issue with my Samsung S20 Ultra 5G SM-G988U i bought the device yesterday and it accept my local Sim here but the issue is that there is limited features, for example I can't turn On/off my mobile data on and I can't change network mode like selecting from 4G to 5G