[Completed] How to root Iball Slide 3g i80 - XDA Assist

I just brought it for my little daughter. It has only 1 gb ram and intel chipset with android 4.x. Games results are not very good. So I'd like to remove some system apps. If somebody has any idea how to root it will be a great help for me. Any other recomendations for better performance will be much appreciated. I am a complete nube....please forgive me if I made something wrong.

Hi,
Thanks for using XDA Assist.
UnlockRoot is used to root Iball Slide 6318i, you should give it a try
Good luck:

Primokorn said:
Hi,
Thanks for using XDA Assist.
UnlockRoot is used to root Iball Slide 6318i, you should give it a try
Good luck:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Does not work. Anyway I was able to root by Kingo root. But after reboot root checker is saying root access is not properly installed in this device.

bichitrax said:
Does not work. Anyway I was able to root by Kingo root. But after reboot root checker is saying root access is not properly installed in this device.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Open a Terminal and type su.
Do you have a superuser request?

Primokorn said:
Open a Terminal and type su.
Do you have a superuser request?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Please forgive my ignorance...I am damn nube. I do not understand. What is Terminal ? How to open it ? Super su is installed. It showed that it worked for some time ( it asked for permission at time of install Adway). I installed Adway, it was working well. But now( after one day) it is saying root required. Please help me to get a permanent root Thanks for your reply.
Later I googled for terminal emulator.Typed su. It asked for Super user to allow. Now root checker is positive. But I don't know How long it'll last.
Yes, after reboot again the root lost. Can somebody help me !!

bichitrax said:
Please forgive my ignorance...I am damn nube. I do not understand. What is Terminal ? How to open it ? Super su is installed. It showed that it worked for some time ( it asked for permission at time of install Adway). I installed Adway, it was working well. But now( after one day) it is saying root required. Please help me to get a permanent root Thanks for your reply.
Later I googled for terminal emulator.Typed su. It asked for Super user to allow. Now root checker is positive. But I don't know How long it'll last.
Yes, after reboot again the root lost. Can somebody help me !!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can use this application to open a Terminal: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=jackpal.androidterm
It allows you to enter various commands.
Try posting your question with all relevant details in this friendly Q&A thread: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2259645
Good luck!

Related

[Framaroot] Help

Here the right place to ask help about usage for Framaroot.
Please don't ask for help about anything not related to Framaroot and read the FAQ first.
FAQ
Is framaroot work on my device ?
If your device is in the compatibility list above, the short answer is : yes but it depends of your firmware version, latest firmware have less chance to be rooted.
If your device is not in the compatibility list and it embed one of the processor mentionned above, the answer is : try it and see.
Why framaroot doesn't root anymore after I update my device ?
Because framaroot exploit security holes present in several devices which has been patched with update you have done, so exploits can't root your device anymore. Framaroot's exploits have a very short life to keep your device "less exposed" to others malicious application. Keep in mind that framaroot is not a permanent rooting application.
I loose root after update, what I can do to root my device now ?
An advice : if you want to have a chance to keep root after update, don't update with Kies or ODIN for samsung devices or don't flash system partition, prefer OTA update and use OTA survival feature in Superuser or SuperSU.
And if you have no choice, you can use the traditional method : flash tools specific to your device
Will framaroot include more exploits ?
Yes, but don't ask when since I don't know myself, it depend of the vendors fix response.
Framaroot crash when I select Gandalf exploit ?
Often the first time you launch Framaroot by selecting Gandalf as exploit, it crash Framaroot. Don't worry, in this case you have to re-launch Framaroot and select Gandalf again, the second time it should work.
What means error# on result ?
All errors less or equal to 9 mean your device is not vulnerable.
If you get error#10, give a try with Framaroot 1.5.3.
All other errors need some investigation about your kernel image.
Framaroot say Success but SuperSU is not installed after reboot ?
Maybe there is some additional protection on your device or something goes wrong with SuperSU version embedded in Framaroot.
In this case, I recommend to use "Execute script" action and put your own shell script commands in /sdcard/custom (use at your own risk, all commands are executed with root privileges). Look at this post to know how to use custom script.
What can I do when the result is Half-success ?
You see this message when the /system partition on your device is a read-only filesystem (eg: SquashFS). To handle this case Framaroot try to use a trick by adding "ro.kernel.qemu=1" in file /data/local.prop. To test if this trick work you have to reboot your device and connect to it with adb shell. Once connected type the "id" command to see if you are root.
If you are not root, your last chance is to select "Execute script" action and put your own shell script commands in /sdcard/custom (use at your own risk, all commands are executed with root privileges). Look at this post to know how to use custom script.
help error #6
Hi I have problem when I use framaroot in galaxy s 3 I-9300 jelly bean 4.3 I found 1 exploit aragorn I click on it but I found eroor #6 and their not more exploit please help me
i need help
i desperately want to root my hisense eg668 or Andromax i3
it has qualcomm msm8612 ,adreno 302 and it runs on android 4.3 "jls6c"
when i opened framaroot it only appears aragorn exploit and it failed.
try to run it from adb and manually chose gandalf but its not working to...
can you help me.
thanks
i605VRUAND3
Sch-i605
i605VRUAND3
will this(framaroot) work after this OTA update?
I tried not to do the OTA but it crashed my phone and installed it anyway!
((
limosisboy said:
Hi I have problem when I use framaroot in galaxy s 3 I-9300 jelly bean 4.3 I found 1 exploit aragorn I click on it but I found eroor #6 and their not more exploit please help me
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
All errors less or equal to 9 mean your device is not vulnerable. You have to use an other rooting method (CF-autoroot)
ksatriapetir said:
i need help
i desperately want to root my hisense eg668 or Andromax i3
it has qualcomm msm8612 ,adreno 302 and it runs on android 4.3 "jls6c"
when i opened framaroot it only appears aragorn exploit and it failed.
try to run it from adb and manually chose gandalf but its not working to...
can you help me.
thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The check for vulnerabilities is trivial and not accurate. Aragorn is often displayed but it only work on samsung devices. Choose another exploit with doesn't change anything, Framaroot display Gandalf if there is a chance to root your device, for your device it's a no go.
thebat1 said:
Sch-i605
i605VRUAND3
will this(framaroot) work after this OTA update?
I tried not to do the OTA but it crashed my phone and installed it anyway!
((
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
There is absolutely no warranty Framaroot will work after.
gandalf not working
My device Samsung galaxy win all timeframaroot is not show any message and re lunch isnot work
bakathefopl said:
My device Samsung galaxy win all timeframaroot is not show any message and re lunch isnot work
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Read this thread for root: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2494471
framaroot
I have downloaded almost all the versions of framaroot but i am not getting all the three exploits option.........in all the versions there is only 1 exploit (aragon)......what can i do.......
plz help me
samsung proclaim only boots into recovery
Frama root rooted proclaim just fine but I gave it to a friend and he did a factory reset and wiped everything now it will only boot into recovery and I can't seem to find the files I need to restore it with Odin any idea how to fix this
Framaroot giving error #6 on galaxy s3 jb 4.3 ..plz help me
Sent from my GT-I9300T using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Root Xperia L don't works
Root to Xperia L don't works!!!!!
ERROR #7
Android: 4.2.2
Version number: 15.3.A.1.14
Model: C2104
fix error 6
Please help me I dont have pc for root please fix error 6 if you fix error 6 in framroot 1.9.3 I well give you 10$ dollars in your PayPal account
GT-S6312
it says Success and installed superuser but when use root checker says no root found , or when to open Superuser it says need update , update gives failed on supersu ,Superuser ..... what can i do?
Error #7
Please help me, I've tried everything to fix this error but always appears the same: Error # 7 My cell is a Xperia E Dual.
I had already managed to root with my framaroot on a cell was the same, but he ended up falling and breaking and when I get to pack gave me another of the same and now I can not do root somehow.
I hope that answers. Thank you.
Gandalf exploit don't root
I have LG Optimus L3 (e430) and I used framaroot to root with success. Now I can't use Gandalf exploit. If I try to use it, it everytime send's me back to desktop. I'm sure that this is fault of updated ROM. Can you fix it?
Android version: 4.1.2
Kernel version: 3.4.0
Sorry for my English.
Please help
:crying:
I tried but root failed.
Attached screenshot of my phone specs.
My phone is Sony Xperia M Dual Android version - 4.3.
Please help.
Thanks
alephzain said:
Here the right place to ask help about usage for Framaroot.
Please don't ask for help about anything not related to Framaroot and read the FAQ first.
FAQ
Is framaroot work on my device ?
If your device is in the compatibility list above, the short answer is : yes but it depends of your firmware version, latest firmware have less chance to be rooted.
If your device is not in the compatibility list and it embed one of the processor mentionned above, the answer is : try it and see.
Why framaroot doesn't root anymore after I update my device ?
Because framaroot exploit security holes present in several devices which has been patched with update you have done, so exploits can't root your device anymore. Framaroot's exploits have a very short life to keep your device "less exposed" to others malicious application. Keep in mind that framaroot is not a permanent rooting application.
I loose root after update, what I can do to root my device now ?
An advice : if you want to have a chance to keep root after update, don't update with Kies or ODIN for samsung devices or don't flash system partition, prefer OTA update and use OTA survival feature in Superuser or SuperSU.
And if you have no choice, you can use the traditional method : flash tools specific to your device
Will framaroot include more exploits ?
Yes, but don't ask when since I don't know myself, it depend of the vendors fix response.
Framaroot crash when I select Gandalf exploit ?
Often the first time you launch Framaroot by selecting Gandalf as exploit, it crash Framaroot. Don't worry, in this case you have to re-launch Framaroot and select Gandalf again, the second time it should work.
What means error# on result ?
All errors less or equal to 9 mean your device is not vulnerable.
If you get error#10, give a try with Framaroot 1.5.3.
All other errors need some investigation about your kernel image.
Framaroot say Success but SuperSU is not installed after reboot ?
Maybe there is some additional protection on your device or something goes wrong with SuperSU version embedded in Framaroot.
In this case, I recommend to use "Execute script" action and put your own shell script commands in /sdcard/custom (use at your own risk, all commands are executed with root privileges). Look at this post to know how to use custom script.
What can I do when the result is Half-success ?
You see this message when the /system partition on your device is a read-only filesystem (eg: SquashFS). To handle this case Framaroot try to use a trick by adding "ro.kernel.qemu=1" in file /data/local.prop. To test if this trick work you have to reboot your device and connect to it with adb shell. Once connected type the "id" command to see if you are root.
If you are not root, your last chance is to select "Execute script" action and put your own shell script commands in /sdcard/custom (use at your own risk, all commands are executed with root privileges). Look at this post to know how to use custom script.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Framaroot not working
Framaroot giving error #6 and #5 when use aragon and gandalf exploit on my xperia SP
PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
framaroot malware detected on avast
hi, I had installed framaroot over two months ago and all was well but today I got a malware warning on avast, so I have uninstalled it. but I would really like the issue to be clarified so as to be able to use it again. my device is Lenovo IdeaPad A-3000 android version 4.2.2
hi again, well I took a look at this thread http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1445166. and to be sure again checked the app permissions. seemed it only asked for camera permission so I guess avast's objection was to the possibility of rooting in general. would love to know if I'm correct in the conjecture.
Sent from my Lenovo A3000-H using XDA Free mobile app
Failed use another exploit if available
aftron afmid 7165 tablet android 4.2.2

[Q] Pie is killing me please help

OK I have run the pie exploit about 100 times every time I get the correct output but when I use root checker it says I don't have root I try to install super su and it says there are no binaries installed what am I missing my device shows up I put the update package in my sdk folder advice pushes the files I reverted back to 19.5.3 I get the exact same message that is expected when everyone else runs pie please help I have a Verizon Droid mini do I need to disable fire walls or avg
ojodetigre said:
OK I have run the pie exploit about 100 times every time I get the correct output but when I use root checker it says I don't have root I try to install super su and it says there are no binaries installed what am I missing my device shows up I put the update package in my sdk folder advice pushes the files I reverted back to 19.5.3 I get the exact same message that is expected when everyone else runs pie please help I have a Verizon Droid mini do I need to disable fire walls or avg
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I got the same error messages. Get Root Check, and ignore the errors, and once it's sent, see if that works. It doesn't allow you to update the binaries though, until you do the full root with the WPnomo described in the Pie thread
Elaborate
livinitwarrior said:
I got the same error messages. Get Root Check, and ignore the errors, and once it's sent, see if that works. It doesn't allow you to update the binaries though, until you do the full root with the WPnomo described in the Pie thread
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
So I got root checker it says I am not rooted so your telling me that I should just ignore everything and run the full root process because everyone else says that root checker should say I'm rooted is there any other programs I need besides sdk I read somewhere that I need Java setup correctly to execute scripts and also I read that I may have to create a junk file on my phone that will allow the scripts to be pushed to I'm so lost I am about to give up someone please help me out I'm new member so I can't post in development
ojodetigre said:
So I got root checker it says I am not rooted so your telling me that I should just ignore everything and run the full root process because everyone else says that root checker should say I'm rooted is there any other programs I need besides sdk I read somewhere that I need Java setup correctly to execute scripts and also I read that I may have to create a junk file on my phone that will allow the scripts to be pushed to I'm so lost I am about to give up someone please help me out I'm new member so I can't post in development
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You need to make sure everything like your firewall, avg, security is all turned off or it won't work.
Rooted Droid Ultra
ojodetigre said:
So I got root checker it says I am not rooted so your telling me that I should just ignore everything and run the full root process because everyone else says that root checker should say I'm rooted is there any other programs I need besides sdk I read somewhere that I need Java setup correctly to execute scripts and also I read that I may have to create a junk file on my phone that will allow the scripts to be pushed to I'm so lost I am about to give up someone please help me out I'm new member so I can't post in development
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
sorry, I never got a notification from this. No, root checker SHOULD tell you if you have root. Are you running each of the 4 commands separately?
livinitwarrior said:
sorry, I never got a notification from this. No, root checker SHOULD tell you if you have root. Are you running each of the 4 commands separately?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I plug my phone in, cd to the path of my sdk, adb devices to make sure it's recognized then run the four commands separately and phone does nothing it doesn't reboot just stays the same run root checker and it says I'm not rooted the guy before you says to turn avg and firewalls off I'm going to try that when I get home
ojodetigre said:
I plug my phone in, cd to the path of my sdk, adb devices to make sure it's recognized then run the four commands separately and phone does nothing it doesn't reboot just stays the same run root checker and it says I'm not rooted the guy before you says to turn avg and firewalls off I'm going to try that when I get home
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Reboot? It shouldn't reboot. The phone should technically do nothing until you do root checker. The way this root works, it's tethered, and gets wiped once you reboot unless you do the next steps of using wpnomo
Sent from my XT1080 using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Just asking a little thing. USB debugging enabled?
Rooted Droid Ultra
Pie alone isn't going to give you the root that you are looking for. All Pie does is give you root access to the /system partition.
You need to go here: http://bit.ly/1sxDN9t and disable Write Protection, which will allow you to flash the SU binary that gives full root.
After that is done you need to install Safestrap ((Can be found here: http://bit.ly/1jq4WeO) Our device is the XT1080), reboot into recovery and flash: http://download.chainfire.eu/396/SuperSU/
Now when you boot up you will have permanent root, and root check / SuperSU should show up properly.
Through OTA?
miketoasty said:
Pie alone isn't going to give you the root that you are looking for. All Pie does is give you root access to the /system partition.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Will root access survive through an OTA update to 4.4.4?
joshs997 said:
Will root access survive through an OTA update to 4.4.4?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes after you do all the steps and buy SuperSu pro and enable survival mode to be able to update and keep root
Rooted Droid Ultra
joshs997 said:
Will root access survive through an OTA update to 4.4.4?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Root survives but write protection gets disabled. So the root is basically useless.
I've never really had to use adb much before on any of my other devices. It's eating my lunch, and is frustrating because everyone is saying how easy it is. I honestly am having issues simply pushing the pie exploit to my phone. When I do, all correct directories, it gives me the adb info and shortcut stuff, definitions, etc. Any help would be appreciated. Just don't know adb well at all.
Edit: nm. got it.

[Q] How to root Acer Iconia A1-713 manually?

Has anyone created a method to root Acer a1-713 manually?
Those one click methods are really crude also I don't even know what's happening in there.
If anyone knows it please help me.
Dreadful man said:
Has anyone created a method to root Acer a1-713 manually?
Those one click methods are really crude also I don't even know what's happening in there.
If anyone knows it please help me.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Some said that Kingroot worked for them in this Q&A thread -> http://forum.xda-developers.com/chef-central/android/root-recovery-acer-iconia-tab-7-a1-713-t2851573
JnFrks said:
Some said that Kingroot worked for them in this Q&A thread -> http://forum.xda-developers.com/chef-central/android/root-recovery-acer-iconia-tab-7-a1-713-t2851573
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well it didn't for me. Also I want to know what I am doing with my tab and not just know that tapping this button will root my tab.
Have you ever tried to look at this site -> http://www.oneclickroot.com/device/acer-iconia-a1-713/. They featured this one-click rooting and it seems they can be trusted. I've downloaded and installed their software so no worries. Well, I'm also using a one-click root utility and it's always working. (just sayin')
The process of rooting a device is too complicated for those who don't have knowledge in Linux (like me), so your question about manually is out.
http://www.oneclickroot.com/device/acer-iconia-a1-713/
Well this one click root website was also a waste of time and didn't work either .
I may have to wait a little bit more before dumping this thread.
Rooting an android device basically means (for me) granting You (as the user) to do whatever you want to your device's system, hardware, etc. But what does root will actually do to your device that will cause you to obtain that superuser access? It's because of the "su" (Switch User) file used by Android and other UNIX-based systems that allows a process of switching of a user to be the superuser (or root user) that has access to the commands and file system, meaning those processes that requires root permission (root access or superuser access) need to invoke su. So basically the process of rooting will just push this su, a binary executable file, to the file system so that you can switch to the root user to give root permissions... And the Superuser application is just optional, but really required for some reasons, it serves as the "gatekeeper" of the su binary so when a certain command or application that invokes su will prompt the user by the Superuser app first before granting the root permission since becoming the root user can do whatever to the system which means it can cause the device to malfunction, etc... So what do you mean by manually?
Sorry for what I'd just suggest you that OneClickRoot waste your time...
Oh, there's a bad news after spending time searching how to root your device, read the news here -> [GUIDE] Firmwares, ROMs, CWM, Root - Acer Iconia (MTK) Tablets [ⒶⒸⒺⓇ ⒹⒺⓋⒾⓁⓈ]
Can't find a best way to root your Acer.
Well thanks for enlightening me on the topic, I hadn't really understood what really is su..
By manually I meant by using computer and tinkering with the files hands on.
Oh, and you needn't to be sorry since everything I tried didn't work. Sometimes I had root till the app was open while sometimes it existed until the next reboot.
Also looked at the link you gave and well, what can I say, it really is bad news and there sure is the risk of bricking my device.
Well thanks for taking your time.

[Rom][Pre-Rooted][7.0][G920v] Offical nougat pre rooted rom

most of members the old method didn't work with him so i decide to make a pre rooted rom
*Do It AT YOUR OWN RISK!* I am not responsible for ANY damage to your device
Here is the video in how to install it all link that you will need it i put it in description of the video
please don't forget to hit thanks it takes 5 days from me to upload it
[YOUTUBE]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NS0Ggcq0TfU[/YOUTUBE]
also you can open the video from here
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8OT36kfo24
Tears of Joy . Woks Perfect.. Thank you @faw_wal
DDwhite said:
Tears of Joy . Woks Perfect.. Thank you @faw_wal
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You Welcome
Many thanks faw_wal
I could place it in writing. the steps to follow
I do not know which file I should download first.
Additional I would like to know if you could share a script or a way to remove verizon apps, and keep a clean phone as if it were a total samsung
Thanks for this faw_wal
zpeady said:
Many thanks faw_wal
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Enjoy
jotademanuel said:
I could place it in writing. the steps to follow
I do not know which file I should download first.
Additional I would like to know if you could share a script or a way to remove verizon apps, and keep a clean phone as if it were a total samsung
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm sorry but it's a lot of steps to write it follow the video if video show to you black screen tonight i'm gonna to fix this problem
no-go
Tried many times, unable to get past the mounting of /system. Hard lock-up.
Edit: Had root on 7.0 finally. Looked like I was using the wrong sboot. I have too many...
Note: Tried to update superSU after I had everything how I wanted it. Lost root. Had to start over. Use caution...
I have gotten my phone rooted thanks for your help.
Now we need to find a way to bypass the system rw,remount freeze, which I think is being controlled by smu_protection or something like that.
EvilRubberDuck said:
Thanks for this faw_wal
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You Welcome
AndroidFan16 said:
I have gotten my phone rooted thanks for your help.
Now we need to find a way to bypass the system rw,remount freeze, which I think is being controlled by smu_protection or something like that.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I think you phone now is rooted and you can mount system as rw just start adb
write adb shell then write su it will ask to get root from your device and then retry if doesn't work with download any explorer app like root explorer and you can edit system from it
lyphe said:
Tried many times, unable to get past the mounting of /system. Hard lock-up.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
did you get root in super su ?
It works for the mount /system via adb? because I did it from root explorer but it freezes again, if works via adb, tell me, Im now in the 5.1.1 android rom version
does not work video ((
faw_wal said:
You Welcome
I think you phone now is rooted and you can mount system as rw just start adb
write adb shell then write su it will ask to get root from your device and then retry if doesn't work with download any explorer app like root explorer and you can edit system from it
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Tried it on both, including
Code:
mount -o rw,remount /system
Freezing up
Especially with Amaze. Tried to write on the system partition and it hangs until I do a fresh reboot.
Has anyone tried if Samsung pay still works after root?
Ok, I'm in this nougat rom now, but the writable system still as a dream for us. I'll go back to the stock and enjoy of my Samsung apps instead of freezing my phone. Has someone knowledge about change the imei of this device? I want root for this. Or, if you know how to reboot the lollipop rooted rom correctly, can you explain me how?
Sent from my SM-G920V using XDA-Developers Legacy app
faw_wal said:
did you get root in super su ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Edited original post. Finally got it working, but then lost it trying to update superSU binary.
ok i will corporate with @AndroidFan16 to figure what is the problem and when solve it i will publish it here
aceisaneight said:
Has anyone tried if Samsung pay still works after root?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Unsure if it "works" or not, as I never use it. However... It is bothering me to add my VISA-XXXX to Android Pay after boot. I'd say fairly good chance it does, simply because this root has thus far not touched /system for most of us. I do believe that is the red flag for SafetyNet/Pay (but I dunno. It does ask me however...)

I wanted to root with Magisk:

Yesterday I choose "OneClickRoot", bought it and started it. But it did not work properly; only BusyBox was installed correctly.
Today I would retry, but the Logindates are denied and a Register has stopped, because I shall order the tool again.
What can I do?
PS.: Why jumps the Cursor sometimes and extinguishes parts of the written text?
Contact
One Click Root Checker - One Click Root
Quickly determine your potential root access on your Android device with our free One Click Root Checker App.
www.oneclickroot.com
jwoegerbauer said:
Contact
One Click Root Checker - One Click Root
Quickly determine your potential root access on your Android device with our free One Click Root Checker App.
www.oneclickroot.com
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank You for answering.
But - sorry - that is not a answer to mine Posting. (There stands "What can I do?")
2.) OneClickRoot offers a Chat to ask to (a button "Live chat"), but I cannot use it: I am not able to speak English fluently. I am only an autodidact/self taught person.
Re-flash Stock ROM do get rid off of all modifications applied to Android.

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