[Howto][Android-x86] Mount Internal Windows Partition (NTFS) in Android-x86 - Android Software/Hacking General [Developers Only]

Mount Internal Windows Partition (NTFS) in Android-x86.
Android-x86 project is one of the new and exciting offshoot of Android platform solely developed by the community. Our Android community has contributed very heavily for the development of Android as one of the most loved platform for both users and the development community as a whole. Custom ROMs such as CyanogenMod, OmniROM, SlimRom, AOKP, Paranoid Android and many more community developed ROM's rock our beloved devices, including latest flagships to aged Legends such as HTC HD2, Motorola Defy(+). One such community developed Android ROM is the Android-x86 Project.
Android-x86 project aims porting the android experience as whole to the x86 architecture platform. This includes our laptops, desktops and x86 based tablets. Although android is a mobile platform specifically developed for phones, tablets and newly introduced wearable devices such as smart watches and Google Glass eyewear, google has not introduced the android as an operating system into the desktop-laptop segment. Google is sticking with its Chrome OS for desktops and is now trying to introduce android app to the Chrome OS. Android-x86 project patches that gap for us.
Android-x86 is like an elixer for our old desktops and laptops wiith lower capability processors and rams, such as pentium and atoms by introducing a modern OS with a lower requirement. It gives those devices a new life. But it is also not perfect yet and has many drawbacks. One such drawback is that it can't mount the internal NTFS partitions of the HDD, in case of the Multibooting Android-x86 with Windows Operating Systems. Many has tried it before but failed. Recently I came upon a chinese website which depicted a process of mounting internal ntfs partitions using a library named mount_nfsd_fuse.
Steps :
1. Download the mount_nfsd_fuse.zip and extract the file from the download link provided below or here
2. Place the the downloaded file in the /system/xbin/ folder using a root enabled file manaager, eg. ES File Explorer, Root Explorer and and change to approriate permission.
3. Open Terminal ( If no terminal app installed, download one from Google Play), and obtain Su permission.
4. Mount the NTFS partitions using the code for example :
mkdir /storage/D
mount_nfsd_fuse /dev/block/sda2 /storage/D
format : mount_nfsd_fuse /dev/block/(partition) /(mount point)
5. (Optional) You can automate the process of mounting on boot by adding these lines to the /etc/init.sh file.
6. You can make a Windows style My Computer Icon using ES explorer widget pointing to the mounting folder such as in my example /Storage use it as a my computer alternative for android.
NOTE : All internal HDD partitions are stored at /dev/block/ folder. And so far I have failed mounting C drive , sda1, and sda10 partitions. Feel free to poke around.
Disclaimer : I'm note the developer of this tool and i take no responsibility for any damages caused.
Download : http://www.jemshi101.tk/tools/android-x86/mount_nfsd_fuse.zip
Ref : http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2094586835

Related

Android-x86 4.0RC2 NEW Releases with patch for ARM Binary Translator included

Hello, I'm glad to bring you this new, the Android-x86.org Team was released a NEW build 4.0RC2 (based in the source code 4.0.4r2.1) with gapps included, lot of fixes, and the best part, a patch included, a patch to be able to use houdini the intel binary translator which allow run ARM apps in the x86 architecture (this hack comes from Buildroid.org you can read about this here), I wanna paste here the RelaseNote4.0RC2
ReleaseNote 4.0-RC2
Android-x86 4.0-RC2 (Ics-x86).
The Android-x86 project is glad to announce 4.0-RC2 release to public. This is a second release candidate for Android-x86 4.0 stable release. Live CD ISOs are available from our sites, as usual
http://www.android-x86.org/download
http://code.google.com/p/android-x86/downloads/list
Key Features
The 4.0-RC2 release is based on the Android 4.0.4 (Ice Cream Sandwich branch). We have fixed and added x86 specified code to let the system runs smoothly on x86 platforms, especially for tablets and netbooks. Except the features in 4.0-RC1, the additional features in this release are
Kernel 3.0.36 with more drivers and bug fixes.
Enable Dalvik JIT compiler support.
Support some 3G modem.
Ready to run arm translator. (You still need to install Intel's libraries from BuilDroid.)
Physical keyboard layout selection.
Support two cameras.
Fake SD card is replaced by internal storage support.
We create targets optimized for different x86 platforms. Choose a suitable image for your platform.
android-x86-4.0-RC2-amd_brazos.iso for AMD Brazos platform
sha1sum: 41685b2fd9a0fcd101fc21aeb84882015a6fd976
android-x86-4.0-RC2-eeepc.iso for ASUS Eee PC family
sha1sum: 1953717ac1d606d57fc7d7293b367f8025c51b65
android-x86-4.0-RC2-asus_laptop.iso for some ASUS Laptops/Tablets
sha1sum: fa4a38fcb3e0191523b1673114d9fa076c461671
android-x86-4.0-RC2-tegav2.iso for Tegav2
sha1sum: 106b07aee820511077980275cc744c4327352394
android-x86-4.0-RC2-s103t.iso for Lenovo S10-3t tablet
sha1sum: 3ca23c78183da7b23f516f9c507d60d82b11ab5e
android-x86-4.0-RC2-thinkpad.iso for IBM thinkpad tablet
sha1sum: bc99ec3ace54c0c15c92e4e8eca87385c130ec1d
android-x86-4.0-RC2-tx2500.iso for HP tx2500
sha1sum: 303765d6da5fdb7d8d3979575f0728185e6fb120
The iso files are hybrid format. That means you can dump the iso into a usb drive and get a bootable usb stick, like
$ dd if=android-x86-4.0-RC2-xxx.iso of=/dev/sdX
where /dev/sdX is the device name of your usb drive.
Known issues
Suspend and resume doesn't work on some targets.
Not support Ethernet.
Source code
The source code is available in the main git server,
$ repo init -u http://git.android-x86.org/manifest -b ics-x86
$ repo sync
as well as the SourceForge mirror:
$ repo init -u git://android-x86.git.sf.net/gitroot/android-x86/x86/platform/manifest.git -b ics-x86
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
At the same time, I wanna share with you, my personal and custom Unofficial builds one for Asus EeePC T101MT (Exclusive for my device ) and another one for EeePC Generic, with all included, you can find more info and some captures, a full description of my changes and a video demo of my build in action here.
Also, I did a little howto add houdini libs in our devices (the tutorial from BuilDroid is to apply in your source code and now part of this method isnt necesary, now you just need to copy some libs) you can fin more info here
COOKING TIME WITH ARNDROID-X86!
Enjoy!, Cheers.
installed the thinkpad version on my dell inspiron 1300. I can load the broadcom b43xx via debug mode but it does not scan or show or connect to any wifi networks. that is the only issue I have so far.
http://www.webupd8.org/2012/07/android-x86-404-ics-rc2-released-with.html
dorfd1 said:
installed the thinkpad version on my dell inspiron 1300. I can load the broadcom b43xx via debug mode but it does not scan or show or connect to any wifi networks. that is the only issue I have so far.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Same with Broadcom BCM4310 USB Controller on HP Compaq 6830s NN328ES
The solution that has helped me: disable WPA2 encryption, leave only WPA
Vaka++ (C)
Strange, but the authors of the assembly did not put the firmware for the devices, but the modules were collected, respectively, because this device does not work, such as my wi-fi card.
Added many different firmware for devices wi-fi (especially for my zd1211rw) and touchscreens and different chipsets.
archive with firmware
Unpack the archive to the /system/lib/
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
hello! I need an android iso where they can run the appps arm, and use it with virtual box and have an Internet connection
can you help me?

[Android iA[ JB 4.2.2 Dualboot/Bare metal

Run JB 4.2.2 NATIVE (EFI bios only)
Diualboot with win8/linux/osx. - This is NOT a x86 emu - its bare metal
https://01.org/android-ia/documentation
Required materials:
•1GB or larger USB thumb drive
•A supported target device
•A laptop or PC running Linux, Windows, or Mac OS with working internet connection
Step 1: Back up your existing OS and all data on your device. The Android-IA installer will erase everything and repartition your hard drive automatically.
Step 2: Download the latest installer image for your device from the Downloads page.
Step 3: Prepare the USB thumb drive
Linux users:
•Unzip the downloaded file: `unzip your_installer_file.zip'
•Insert the USB thumb drive into your machine
•Open your terminal application and find the device name of the thumb drive. Run `dmesg' and look near the end for a name like "/dev/sdX" where X is a letter.
•Unmount any partitions that were automatically mounted: `sudo umount /dev/sdX*' (Where X is the letter from above)
•Write the live.img file from the extracted zip to the USB flash: `sudo dd if=live.img of=/dev/sdX bs=1M conv=fsync' (Where X is the letter from above)
Windows users:
•Extract the installer image from the downloaded zip file
•Download "Image Writer" application from https://launchpad.net/win32-image-writer/ and extract it to a folder of your chioce.
•Insert your USB drive into your computer.
•Find the drive letter of your USB drive by opening 'My Computer' on the desktop.
•Run Win32DiskImager.exe from Image Writer's directory.
•In Image Writer's window, select the installer.img you extracted from the downloaded zip
•In Image Writer's window, select your thumb drive's letter that you found in 'My Computer'
•Click "Write" and wait until the process is over.
Mac users:
•Extract the installer image from the downloaded zip file
•Open the Terminal (under Utilities)
•Execute `diskutil list' to get the current list of devices
•Insert your USB drive into your computer.
•Execute `diskutil list' again and determine the device node assigned to your flash media (e.g. /dev/diskN)
•Execute `diskutil unmountDisk /dev/diskN'
•Execute `sudo dd if=live.img of=/dev/diskN bs=1m'
•Execute `diskutil eject /dev/diskN' and remove your flash media when the command completes.
Step 4: Prepare device for installation:
•Set the device to boot from the USB thumb drive (device-specific instructions can be found on the devices page.
•Make sure "UEFI Boot Support" is enabled in the BIOS.
Step 5: Install the system.
• Plug in the USB thumb drive with the Android-IA installer image created in step 1
• Power on the device
• From the boot menu, choose "Install Android to hard disk"
• Wait until the installer finishes
• Unplug the USB thumb drive
• Power off the device by holding down on the power button for 10 sec., then power on the device and choose "Boot Android system" (or let the countdown timer expire)
You're done! Enjoy your Android-IA device.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Move post if in wrong section plz...
Sent from nexus 4 AOSP
Hello.
I installed the latest Android-IA (android-4.2.2_r1-ia1) on my Acer Iconia W700, and it works perfectly. The only downside (however, huge one) is the lack of libhoudini - without it half of android apps refuse to load on x86 processor. Which, by the way, scores ~70000 in Antutu (!)...
I searched everywhere, but there's just too little information on both libhoudini as well as Android-IA . Please, can anyone help in porting this library to Android-IA? I know it is not open source, but so are gapps, and Android-x86 already uses libhoudini. So there shouldn't be any real difficulties...
WBR, Draco.
Drakosha said:
Hello.
I installed the latest Android-IA (android-4.2.2_r1-ia1) on my Acer Iconia W700, and it works perfectly. The only downside (however, huge one) is the lack of libhoudini - without it half of android apps refuse to load on x86 processor. Which, by the way, scores ~70000 in Antutu (!)...
I searched everywhere, but there's just too little information on both libhoudini as well as Android-IA . Please, can anyone help in porting this library to Android-IA? I know it is not open source, but so are gapps, and Android-x86 already uses libhoudini. So there shouldn't be any real difficulties...
WBR, Draco.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Antutu score 70000!? really? You are using the i5 model?
Drakosha said:
Hello.
I installed the latest Android-IA (android-4.2.2_r1-ia1) on my Acer Iconia W700, and it works perfectly. The only downside (however, huge one) is the lack of libhoudini - without it half of android apps refuse to load on x86 processor. Which, by the way, scores ~70000 in Antutu (!)...
I searched everywhere, but there's just too little information on both libhoudini as well as Android-IA . Please, can anyone help in porting this library to Android-IA? I know it is not open source, but so are gapps, and Android-x86 already uses libhoudini. So there shouldn't be any real difficulties...
WBR, Draco.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I remember finding a manual install of libhoudini somewhere but it didnt work. That was with the february version of A-IA, though.
Sent from my 700T using XDA Premium HD app
Drakosha said:
Hello.
I installed the latest Android-IA (android-4.2.2_r1-ia1) on my Acer Iconia W700, and it works perfectly. The only downside (however, huge one) is the lack of libhoudini - without it half of android apps refuse to load on x86 processor. Which, by the way, scores ~70000 in Antutu (!)...
I searched everywhere, but there's just too little information on both libhoudini as well as Android-IA . Please, can anyone help in porting this library to Android-IA? I know it is not open source, but so are gapps, and Android-x86 already uses libhoudini. So there shouldn't be any real difficulties...
WBR, Draco.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did you ever find a solution to this?
DJDrew said:
Did you ever find a solution to this?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi there
I'd also be glad to hear more about that...From what I could gather so far, there is no fully working ARM translator / libhoudini solutions for android IA. Hence the only solution would be to switch to android x86...
Change dpi and get bluetooth working with android and windows 8.1 at the same time
Do these changes if you are confident in your skills. I'm student and quite busy so if you ask something it can take some time for me to answer. Damages you might do to your system are your own responsibility. I have tested these instructions with Acer W700 on android-4.2.2_r1-ia3 and can confirm that they worked for me.
First changing dpi from original 213 to 160:
1. Get file manager on android like ES file Explorer
2. R/W rights to whole system on android
3. From root go to /system/etc/machine-props/
4. Open acer-w700.prop with ES Explorer and edit line "ro.sf.lcd_density = 213" and change 213 to 160
5. Reboot android and system should now be 160 dpi
Now about that bluetooth. I find it annoying that you have to pair your bluetooth mouse and keyboard again every time when you switch between android and windows 8.1. So I did research and found a way to fix this problem and here's how to do it. I can confirm that this works with Acer bluetooth/cover keyboard and MS Sculpt touch mouse.
1. Pair your bluetooth devices first with android and the with Windows
2. On Windows download PsExec
3.Then from downloaded file copy PsExec.exe in Windows to directory C:\Windows\System32 or to directory where your System32 folder is.
4. Write in the search cmd and run it as administrator
5. Then use command: psexec -s -i regedit.exe
6. Now go to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\BTHPORT\Parameters\Keys
7. From \Keys you can find your paired bluetooth devices. First there is the devices bluetooh mac address and 32 numbers long linkkey. Now write those linkeys and mac addresses up or copy them.
8. Now everything is set on Windows side. Next boot to android.
9. On android you need again for example ES file Explorer and R/W rights
10. With file Explorer fro root go to /data/misc/bluedroid/
11. Open file called BT_config.xml
12. From text find your devices using mac address
13. When you find you devices mac addres scroll down and you should see line with linkkey and 32 number code.
14. Now take that 32 number code you got from Windows
15 You have to change it little so the linkey works and here how it's done:
for example your Windows linkkey is "12345678qwertyuiasdfghjkpoiuytre" now set it as 8 number clusters like this
"12345678 qwertyui asdfghjk poiuytre"
Now you have to reverse those 8 number clusters
Take the set on far right "poiuytre" and mark it like this "po iu yt re"
Now reverse those pairs like this "re yt iu po"
Now "reytiupo" this is the first line in the new linkkey
Do the same for other three cluster. After it's done this example linkkey looks like this "reytiupojkghdfasuityerqw78563412"
16. When you have your modified Windows linkkey ready you can just replace the old one from the file BT_config.xml
17. Now just reboot android and your keyboard and mouse should work.
I've found that sometimes when switching from Windows to android bluetooth doesn't connect. Just reboot android and your bluetooth devices should connect.
I would have posted this on deveopers site where people visit more often but you need 10 posts and this is my first one so if you can you should link my post there so more people can enjoy these instructions.
Thank you for reading this and don't forget to like it :good:
Anyone know where to find the source code for this?

[DEV accnounce]Gentoo on Android

Note: I have no priviledge to post on development forums. Hopefully the moderator can move this to "Miscellaneous Android Development" or somewhere better.
Dear all,
Gentoo on Android[1] is a project to run Gentoo natively (non-chrooted) in a directory prefix in parallel to (instead of dual boot) Android.
It grows from a project at Google Summer of Code 2013[2] and at present it provide a fully functional GNU userland to Android devices[3].
There are many Gentoo projects and attempts around the forum and elsewhere, like[4,5,7,8,9,10,11].
Gentoo on Android is unique in that, (1) it sits inside a directory prefix, which makes the installation clean (2) does not use chroot, which allows dynamic library sharing with Android, like libhybris[12].
This is an official subproject of Gentoo[1], seeking to attract efforts of Gentoo development on Android device to coordinate to reduce duplicated work.
At present we support any armv7 devices. A list of devices tested can be found at [6].
To try it out, follow the installation guide on Gentoo wiki.
Cheers,
Benda Xu <heroxbd AT gentoo DOT org>
Footnotes:
1. Project Page https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Android
2. Proposal http://www.awa.tohoku.ac.jp/~benda/projects/android.html
3. Report http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.gentoo.summer-of-code/1453
4. GenTop2 http://www.xda-developers.com/android/gentop2-looks-to-replace-webtop-permanently-for-atrix-4g
5. Gentoo on Desire http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=789003
6. Device List https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Android/devices
7. GenTop http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1403068
8. Gentoo Environment on Android (deprecated by [7]) http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1147741
9. Gentoo on SGS2 http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=20149547
10. Stock Gentoo on Nexus one.. http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=674063
11. Running Gentoo Linux (as a chroot) on the Motorola Xoom http://klaig.blogspot.jp/2011/05/running-gentoo-linux-as-chroot-on.html
12. Libhybris https://github.com/libhybris/libhybris

[Android-x86] All in One - Tips, Tricks, Apps & Etc | Bug & Issues | Q&A

Hi XDA ,Hi Friends And Welcome Guest
Before everything Remember that Please hit Thanks when someone helps you out!
Download Android x86:
There are several versions, but I suggest you Download this version :
Android-x86 4.4-r1 live & installation iso
on Aug 8, 2014, by Chih-Wei Huang
Install Android x86:
There are several methods, but I suggest you follow me
Make the system R/W for root access
[HOW-TO] Install Android x86 on any PCs / Laptops / VM
Manage Ext Partition from Windows:
You need to install ext2fsd
Ext2Fsd is an ext2 file system driver for Windows (2k, XP, Vista and Win7). It’s a free software. Anyone can modify or distribute it under GPL2.
Downloads:
View and download Ext2Fsd packages
Express Installation with Ext2Fsd installer:
Double click on Ext2Fsd-version.exe to execute Ext2Fsd installer and follow the setup wizard to install and configure Ext2Fsd.
To uninstall Ext2Fsd, just click “Uninstall Ext2Fsd” in start menu, or use Add/Remove programs in control panel to uninstall. Need restart your computer to get it finished.
Done
if you wanna add something to sd card just follow this path:
X:\android-4.4-r1\data\media\0
Please hit Thanks when someone helps you out!
Edit Grub Bootloader
Follows this path on windows
X:\grub
And find menu.lst
Then open with Notepad or Notepad++ and edit lines.
The example of menu.lst ( don't use for yourself )
HTML:
default=0
timeout=6
splashimage=/grub/android-x86.xpm.gz
root (hd0,4)
title Android-x86 KitKat
kernel /android-4.4-r1/kernel quiet root=/dev/ram0 androidboot.hardware=android_x86 video=-16 SRC=/android-4.4-r1
initrd /android-4.4-r1/initrd.img
title Windows
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
chainloader +1
Install App on Android x86:
Tap the clock on the taskbar, tap the pop out that appears, and then tap Settings.
Scroll down the list and tap Security, then on the right, scroll down and tap Unknown sources.
Tap OK on the prompt that appears.
1. Install Apps From Google Play Store
2. Installing app Using The Conventional Method
Step 1: Use Windows and Copy .apk file to this path
X:\android-4.4-r1\data\media\0
Step 2: Run File manager from Android and install file from this path:
\data\media\0
3. Installing app using Dropbox
Tweaks:
Android Xposed: tweak your phone's UI
[ROOT] Kernel Tweaker | Original Thread
Clean Master Phone Boost
Check Post #2 & #3. ​
Bug & Issues
Recovery:
CWM - TWRP ???
Flash Gordon????
Not work
If you have any idea pleas help us. :laugh:
Apps - Tools - Utility
Mount internal hard drive:
Automatically mount and dismount USB sticks on various devices like the Galaxy Nexus, Nexus 7 and Nexus 10. The Nexus 4 is not supported - this is an issue with the device, not with StickMount !
[APP][01.07.2014] StickMount v3.10 [ROOT]
Change Language on HW Keyboard:
A non visible soft keyboard (Input Method) intended to be used with hardware Bluetooth and USB keyboards. It automaticly detects Bluetooth keyboards (and in some cases also USB keyboards) and brings up the Input Method dialog. It also supports a lot of different keylayouts for non-US external keyboards.
[Android 1.6+] External Keyboard Helper Pro
Turn Ethernet To Wifi:
If you want an app that needs wifi And you want it to run on ethernet Go here
[MOD][Xposed] Fake Wifi Connection [1.6]
Fake GPS or Mock Locations:
Go Here and check it : [APP][OSS] Fake GPS Path
Rotate everything In landscape Mode:
Rotation manager is a tool that lets you choose which application you want to rotate or which one you don't want to rotate. It is a really simple app designed for the least possible power and RAM consumption.
Download From Here

			
				
Duel Boot for Windows:
Easy BCD:
EasyBCD Community Edition allows you to create a multiboot environment in order to run multiple operating systems on the same computer.
The application also features BCD (Boot Configuration Data) Backup/Repair utilities that provide users with the possibility to reset the BCD configuration or recreate and repair boot files.
Download Link
http://www.softpedia.com/get/System/OS-Enhancements/EasyBCD.shtml
Installing Windows After Android-x86
There are two different approaches:
Recovering GRUB after re-installing Windows
Please refer to the Reinstalling GRUB2 guide.
Master Boot Record backup and re-replacement
This method does not work for computers with UEFI boot. In consequence, it won't work for pre-installed Windows8 and some pre-installed Windows7.
Back-up the existing MBR, install Windows, replace your backup overwriting the Windows boot code:
Create an NTFS partition for Windows (using fdisk, GParted or whatever tool you are familiar with)
Backup the MBR e.g. dd if=/dev/sda of=/mbr.bin bs=446 count=1
Install Windows
Boot into a LiveCD
Mount your root partition in the LiveCD
Restore the MBR e.g. dd if=/media/sda/mbr.bin of=/dev/sda bs=446 count=1
Restart and Ubuntu will boot
Setup GRUB to boot Windows
reserved
The Android-x86 4.4-r2 released (the second stable release of kitkat-x86).
http://www.android-x86.org/releases/releasenote-4-4-r2
Stable - Fast

Boot into Debian or Arch possible on Smartphone? Universal Image for most Devices?

Hello Community!
I am asking myself it is possibe to direkt boot a debian ARM Port or ARCH Linux ARM Port (maybe from SD Card) on my Smartphone? I saw lots of videos booting a Linux on Top of Android but i would like to "natively" run a OS. Where a Custom ROM typically has drivers for a special type of device i am thinking if a very generel distribution could detect most of the devices hardware...
Any Ideas if this would be possible?
AFAIK it's not possible.
Can you give me a (detailled) hint why you think this would not work?
When reading the informations: https://archlinuxarm.org/about/downloads
The released downloads are designed for the specific systems above; however, our package repositories work with any ARM device compatible with ARMv5, ARMv6, ARMv7-a, or ARMv8-a AArch64 instructions.
In TWRP i can select Storage - maybe starting from TWRP command line a image start from SD Card would be possible?
You initially said your goal is to completely replace Android by Linux ( ARCH Linux - what is for tablets only ) on a smartphone, IIRC.
Now you say you want to run Linux ( ARCH Linux ) on top of Android. Confused ...
hello! i meant that my smartphone can start the TWRP bootloader and from there the boot process could be (maybe) handed over to an image at the SD card....
thats the idea... ;-)
TWRP is a Custom Recovery means a restricted Android OS ( like Windows RE for Windows machines), not a bootloader ( what is comparable to UEFI / BIOS on Windows machines ).
The Android bootloader starts the recovery mode and the kernel, which then starts the operating system of your smartphone.

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