After typing in *#0228# to checkbattery info and clicked quick start at the bottom of the screen my battery instantly dropped from low 30's to 12%. Worried me at first but after charging my battery seemed to have lasted longer than before (possibly just wishful thinking). Anybody else try this? Or can shed some light as to exactly what's happening?
Sent from my SM-N900T using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
babyshanks said:
After typing in *#0228# to checkbattery info and clicked quick start at the bottom of the screen my battery instantly dropped from low 30's to 12%. Worried me at first but after charging my battery seemed to have lasted longer than before (possibly just wishful thinking). Anybody else try this? Or can shed some light as to exactly what's happening?
Sent from my SM-N900T using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Interesting, how did you come across the *#0228# code? I've seen it posted somewhere before asking what it was (was it you?) - I'll try it now myself and will post my findings
radicalisto said:
Interesting, how did you come across the *#0228# code? I've seen it posted somewhere before asking what it was (was it you?) - I'll try it now myself and will post my findings
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Might have been me, no one really knew what was going on there other than they had drops as well. I found it while trying to look for the code to test the proximity sensor. Than I thought I'd try it out to check my battery.
Sent from my SM-N900T using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
OK I've done it! 23:46 and battery is @ 96% - No immediate drop in percentage, but lets see what happens. It's idle on my desk at work currently.
radicalisto said:
OK I've done it! 23:46 and battery is @ 96% - No immediate drop in percentage, but lets see what happens. It's idle on my desk at work currently.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I did it in the 90's as well and didn't have a change but that wasn't the same story when the battery got lower.
Sent from my SM-N900T using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
What is that thing even supposed to do?
erectim said:
What is that thing even supposed to do?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That is what we're trying to figure out! - Seems like a battery check (possibly calibration?)
:what::what::what:
I got 16% of battery.. pressed quick start.. screen shuts down.. now i have 2%!!!!!
:what::what::what::what::what::what::what:
iba21 said:
:what::what::what:
I got 16% of battery.. pressed quick start.. screen shuts down.. now i have 2%!!!!!
:what::what::what::what::what::what::what:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yup seems when you have a low % it drops the battery right down, however @babyshanks thinks maybe it the battery is better once it's done(?) I've done mine also, so we can post what happens in the next 24 hours or so
I tried it even before seeing this thread... Got drop from 95 to 91, later from 80 to 72. And i have no idea what it is or means... Now charging my phone back up, switched off.
Just did it and my battery went from 29 to 4
Sent from my SM-N900T
How are you guys doing this? I have the Verizon note 3. When I do the code it tries to dial it and I get error recording from Verizon.
Sent from my SM-N900V using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
brianburen said:
How are you guys doing this? I have the Verizon note 3. When I do the code it tries to dial it and I get error recording from Verizon.
Sent from my SM-N900V using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's possible that carriers disable this option like they do with other service codes, or it's limited to the SM-N9005 model
I tried it and mine went from 57 to 51. I have the exynos version.
Sent from my SM-N900 using xda app-developers app
Since I first ran mine @ 23:46 my battery was 96% - a couple of text msgs later and now @ 02:20 my battery is sat at 86% - a definite drop compared to what it was... Also noticed Android OS is eating up the battery more than before, and I haven't changed anything except for running this... Will see how it develops through the night at work and charge it tomorrow and see if there is any noticeable difference or not.
My battery was at 44... After the quick start, it dropped to 20. I did it again and dropped to 16. It's been there for 30 minutes now. I'm really wondering what this code is doing
Sent from my SM-N900 with Tapatalk
zadigre said:
My battery was at 44... After the quick start, it dropped to 20. I did it again and dropped to 16. It's been there for 30 minutes now. I'm really wondering what this code is doing
Sent from my SM-N900 with Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You entered it twice and it's sat @ 16% for 30mins? hmm that is interesting, I'm curious, maybe this is a stock battery calibration system of some kind after all... we'll see the benefit after we've charged it I guess.
but then again, maybe this is a cheeky trick to milk the battery quick for the engineers for some reason or another that they require it...
radicalisto said:
You entered it twice and it's sat @ 16% for 30mins? hmm that is interesting, I'm curious, maybe this is a stock battery calibration system of some kind after all... we'll see the benefit after we've charged it I guess.
but then again, maybe this is a cheeky trick to milk the battery quick for the engineers for some reason or another that they require it...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes its sitting at 16 even if I've been using my phone since I did it...
Sent from my SM-N900 with Tapatalk
Dropped from 12 to 2%, though my voltage actually went up. I'll charge it up once it dies and see if there are any changes in battery life.
Sent from my SM-N9005 using Tapatalk
Don't know if it's caused by this quickstart button, but, i'm having a too strange battrry drain..
I'm at 55 screen on minutes with 8% battery consuption!! :what::what::what:
Other times i spent about 15-20% for 1h of screen on, with same setting!
What the hell??
Related
Hey guys I'm on the newest version of virus rom and my battery will just stay at,say,89% unless a reboot is performed. Any way to fix this?
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA Premium App
I had that problem with the standard debloat Rom. New rom seems to update all the time.
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA Premium App
Try this for a fix https://market.android.com/details?id=com.nema.batterycalibration
Thanks ima try it.
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA Premium App
Grr not working
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA Premium App
Anyone?
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA Premium App
I really believe the battery display is an os issue. That's why I'm waiting to root.
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA Premium App
Ugh whatever I guess ill know when to charge it when my battery dies.....
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA Premium App
Same thing here... only happens when I use the extended battery.
psufan5 said:
Same thing here... only happens when I use the extended battery.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
same problem as it only happens when i use the extended battery. i am trying out battery left widget no clue if it will help or calculate a good reading for me but its calibrating as i just tried it out today.
all the battery wipes in the world will not reset it and help
I get inaccurate info. Seems when i reboot my phone i loose 10-15% charge and it happens all the time. - Extended battery
sent though PNB Rapid Remit through my Thunderbolt
I was having the same issue with my battery meter sticking. The same time this happens, my Setcpu app also was sticking and would full throttle the cpu. Im running the VirusRom right now, but have experienced this problem on a few of the other Roms also. My usual fix was just wipe everything and go with new install. It started happening again last night and I followed some posters advice to let the battery totally drain and then shutoff. I then recharged to full and everything seems to be fine again.
The first time it ever started happening was right after I had wiped the battery cache and rebooted. Ive stopped doing that now, but it still happens. I notice now that I usuallly experience this after a series of reboots. Not sure whats up, but draining the battery to zero helped out last night. We'll see in a day or two if it starts happening again.
MrLoompa said:
I was having the same issue with my battery meter sticking. The same time this happens, my Setcpu app also was sticking and would full throttle the cpu. Im running the VirusRom right now, but have experienced this problem on a few of the other Roms also. My usual fix was just wipe everything and go with new install. It started happening again last night and I followed some posters advice to let the battery totally drain and then shutoff. I then recharged to full and everything seems to be fine again.
The first time it ever started happening was right after I had wiped the battery cache and rebooted. Ive stopped doing that now, but it still happens. I notice now that I usuallly experience this after a series of reboots. Not sure whats up, but draining the battery to zero helped out last night. We'll see in a day or two if it starts happening again.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Im actually done with ROMs until CM7 is ready. Im just going with a base rooted system and Ill use a custom kernel. Kernel is 99% of the improvement anyway.
Draining works for a day or so, then it does the same thing. I'm stock and it does it. It also does it with the stock battery. Hope they get it fixed with an update.
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA Premium App
Mine actually just stopped working... was working for a week or so and today its just stuck on the same number until i reboot. Pretty annoying.
Bump - anyone find a solution to this? I tried running my extended battery to 0% last night and fully charging it... guess ill see if its fixed today. Pulling it off the charger, it already dropped to 95% lol...
psufan5 said:
Bump - anyone find a solution to this? I tried running my extended battery to 0% last night and fully charging it... guess ill see if its fixed today. Pulling it off the charger, it already dropped to 95% lol...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's because of how it charges not foot into details but that will always happen up to a 10% drop.
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA App
miketoasty said:
That's because of how it charges not foot into details but that will always happen up to a 10% drop.
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Right but my problem was/is the meter never changing. I think I fixed it by completely draining the battery and charging to full. Maybe the phone didnt know how much juice it had because of the different size battery.
yeah i changed to the stock battery last night and it would read fine but i really need this extended
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA Premium App
psufan5 said:
Bump - anyone find a solution to this? I tried running my extended battery to 0% last night and fully charging it... guess ill see if its fixed today. Pulling it off the charger, it already dropped to 95% lol...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I cant even get the battery to drop without rebooting....weird
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA Premium App
I turn my g2x off when I go to bed, the battery is fully charged and 8 hours later when I turn it back on the battery is allmost empty !what is wrong here?
Sent from my LG-P999 using Tapatalk
klauspabst said:
I turn my g2x off when I go to bed, the battery is fully charged and 8 hours later when I turn it back on the battery is allmost empty !what is wrong here?
Sent from my LG-P999 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Need more info.
Rooted?
ROM?
Proper wipes?
Sorry your right!
Not rooted
2.3.3
ADW launcher ex
Sent from my LG-P999 using Tapatalk
what kernel u running on?
Quite possibly a bad battery. Your battery shouldn't drain when the phone is off.
Sent from my LG-P999 using XDA App
Does it drain when the battery is removed from the phone?
Sent from my LG-P999 using XDA App
you should download a cm7 nightly my battery lasted from 10pm - 9am with 30% than i put it to charge
You can either do a factory reset or NVFlash CWM and flash a ROM to see if that fixes things. If not, then defective battery.
What these guys are saying is most likely, especially with that kind of drain. But also make sure you don't have any crummy apps, it apps that run when your phones off. Ex. Some weather apps run in the background and draindrain
Sent from my LG-P999 using xda premium
You guys. He said that his phone was OFF while the battery lost its juice. It has NOTHING to do with what ROM, KERNEL etc etc he is using. Now for the op; simply just get a new battery and check if the problem persists.
Sent from my LG-P999 using XDA App
Haha, yea. Read to fast, selective reader I guess. Thought I saw 'screen off' =)
Sent from my LG-P999 using xda premium
Try the same test with the battery completely removed.
If it doesn't drain that fast - Then the phone is not shutting down properly, and most likely is the result of a nasty app.
If it does still drain that fast - Then the battery is probably faulty.
barqers said:
Try the same test with the battery completely removed.
If it doesn't drain that fast - Then the phone is not shutting down properly, and most likely is the result of a nasty app.
If it does still drain that fast - Then the battery is probably faulty.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What could be a bad app?
I read above a wheather app, any other idea what I can.look at? Had the battery out over night and no drain!
Oh and thank you guys for all your help!
Sent from my LG-P999 using Tapatalk
klauspabst said:
What could be a bad app?
I read above a wheather app, any other idea what I can.look at? Had the battery out over night and no drain!
Oh and thank you guys for all your help!
Sent from my LG-P999 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
In your original post when you said you turn the phone off at night, you do mean actually turning it off right? Like shutting it down and not just turning the screen off, right? Just making sure we're all on the same page. If the phone is powered down then it can't be an app because apps can only run when you're booted into Android.
Sent from my LG-P999 using XDA App
Yes I am powering it down!
Sent from my LG-P999 using Tapatalk
klauspabst said:
What could be a bad app?
I read above a wheather app, any other idea what I can.look at? Had the battery out over night and no drain!
Oh and thank you guys for all your help!
Sent from my LG-P999 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I would try to eliminate apps one by one. Freezing them with titanium backup or using better battery stats to see which apps have a lot of wakelocks. I had the same issue before.
Sent from my LG-P999 using xda premium
klauspabst said:
Yes I am powering it down!
Sent from my LG-P999 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Then its the battery. I had the problem with my g1. I would load the maps and use gps. It would say my battery is around 70% then after like 5mins the phone would get hot and then it would say i was at 30% or lower. Swap out for a new battery and it didnt do that anymore.
My g2x is kinda doing the same thing. But its a little slower. I turn the phone on in the morning 100% battery. Then use it for about an hr. (95-80%battery) put it in my pocket. Then about 2hrs later it at 40-35%. And the phone feels warm.
Also check your battery to see if it had a lump on it. If so then its a bad battery and needs to be replaced asap.
I ordered a replacement on ebay should be here by next weekend. Only $4
xile6 said:
Then its the battery. I had the problem with my g1. I would load the maps and use gps. It would say my battery is around 70% then after like 5mins the phone would get hot and then it would say i was at 30% or lower. Swap out for a new battery and it didnt do that anymore.
My g2x is kinda doing the same thing. But its a little slower. I turn the phone on in the morning 100% battery. Then use it for about an hr. (95-80%battery) put it in my pocket. Then about 2hrs later it at 40-35%. And the phone feels warm.
Also check your battery to see if it had a lump on it. If so then its a bad battery and needs to be replaced asap.
I ordered a replacement on ebay should be here by next weekend. Only $4
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I don't think its the battery in this case.
Sent from my Flashback HC-TAB using XDA Forum App
I had a problem like this and still do at times. Part of it was the stock kernel I was running and the other part was the fact that the phone was not fully going into the low power state it was supposed to. I now only loose about 5 to 7% in the worst cases. That is better than the 20 to 30% I was loosing before.
Has anyone ever heard of an instance where the display drains the battery while off? 4 hrs on battery, display using 54%, all others using 4% or less, and display off 85% of the time. 20% remaining.
Just curious. Probably gonna GR then reflash
Sent from my SGH-T959V using xda premium
Your display is always going to use a large portion of battery. Being on battery for only 4 hours may be misleading. Let your phone run through most of the charge and check again.
As you continue to use it, other apps and services will contribute to battery drainage, in turn lowering the percentage of juice shown used by your display.
Im not trying to imply you are wrong. You may have an issue, and I could be way off base. Just something to think about.
Edit: I re-read your post. It ran through 80% of your battery in 4 hours with minimal use?
Sent from my SGH-T959V using Tapatalk
Biohazard0289 said:
Your display is always going to use a large portion of battery. Being on battery for only 4 hours may be misleading. Let your phone run through most of the charge and check again.
As you continue to use it, other apps and services will contribute to battery drainage, in turn lowering the percentage of juice shown used by your display.
Im not trying to imply you are wrong. You may have an issue, and I could be way off base. Just something to think about.
Edit: I re-read your post. It ran through 80% of your battery in 4 hours with minimal use?
Sent from my SGH-T959V using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks. I was actually just seeing if this has ever happened to anyone before. There has to be something wrong. Just a one day fluke I guess cause today it seems to be going ok so far. I'm just gonna start from scratch and try again.
Tried to thank you for responding, but alas, I am limited to 8 per day. I'll get you tomorrow.
My display also drains a large portion of my battery, but never THAT much. Is your brightness really high at all times? If so, turn it down.
Sent from my SGH-T959V using XDA
This happens to me too
Sent from my SGH-T959V using XDA
Zombie138 said:
This happens to me too
Sent from my SGH-T959V using XDA
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Your battery dies really fast while display is off?
The day I posted it was dying super fast. I have not changed anything and it seems to be better but still draining pretty fast. Running better batt stats app for a few days to see if I can catch what's doing it.
Someone in anton's kernel thread said that the first few charges went great but all of a sudden it's draining fast. This is what happened to me. I'll report back what I find out with the app.
Sent from my SGH-T959V using xda premium
sunsurfer42 said:
Your battery dies really fast while display is off?
The day I posted it was dying super fast. I have not changed anything and it seems to be better but still draining pretty fast. Running better batt stats app for a few days to see if I can catch what's doing it.
Someone in anton's kernel thread said that the first few charges went great but all of a sudden it's draining fast. This is what happened to me. I'll report back what I find out with the app.
Sent from my SGH-T959V using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yup, it'll show that it's using 50% of display, even on days I don't really use my phone. I have better batt but can't seem to find out what's using it
Sent from my SGH-T959V using XDA
Zombie138 said:
Yup, it'll show that it's using 50% of display, even on days I don't really use my phone. I have better batt but can't seem to find out what's using it
Sent from my SGH-T959V using XDA
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Seems to me that the phone is having a hard time going to sleep soon after use, wifi may be keeping it awake. i have wifi on all day while im at work and the awake time seems to be higher right when i get into work. doesnt sleep for the first few hours.
sunsurfer42 said:
Seems to me that the phone is having a hard time going to sleep soon after use, wifi may be keeping it awake. i have wifi on all day while im at work and the awake time seems to be higher right when i get into work. doesnt sleep for the first few hours.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I don't use wifi and my brightness is low. It is a mystery lol
Sent from my SGH-T959V using XDA
I've been charging my phone on a regular basis. Daily in fact. But the stats tell a different story. Anyone else with the same problem? Anyone knows how to fix this?
Sent from my Nexus S using xda app-developers app
.cruiser said:
I've been charging my phone on a regular basis. Daily in fact. But the stats tell a different story. Anyone else with the same problem? Anyone knows how to fix this?
Sent from my Nexus S using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
further explain what the hell do you mean? you need to give us a bit more detail on what exactly are you encountering or specifically ask why is this happening.
I included the screen grab didn't I? It says 6 days plus on battery. When the phone lasts only a day. See the screen grab.
And this is after the JB OTA update.
Sent from my Xoom using xda app-developers app
.cruiser said:
I included the screen grab didn't I? It says 6 days plus on battery. When the phone lasts only a day. See the screen grab.
And this is after the JB OTA update.
Sent from my Xoom using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Your being to broad that doesn't mean anything to me all I see is 6days and your charging it every so often what's wrong? Your phone is lasting a day? Explain what exactly your doing you need to specify and further explain what your doing.
For example
In screenie I have 4 days on one charge.
I watched some netflix and barely any usage it was very minimal. And about every other 6 to 12 hours I turn off data and switch on airplane mode as you can see.
Another thing leaving your phone on for that much time just IMO makes the battery life die faster rather than fully charging do your usual stuff till the day ends and once done at night just shut it off charge turn back on in the morn.
Sent from my SPH-D700 using xda premium
Isn't this a bug? It's only supposed to tell me the time the phone's been running on battery since the last charge. See screenshot from my Photon 4G for example.
Sent from my MB855 using xda app-developers app
.cruiser said:
Isn't this a bug? It's only supposed to tell me the time the phone's been running on battery since the last charge. See screenshot from my Photon 4G for example.
Sent from my MB855 using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
there is no bug at all. it tells you the time since the phone has been on no from the last charge.
Lets say i use my phone and im around 30% and its been 8 Hours since i turned on my phone from 100%. once i plug it in it will keep track of the time my phones been on (Up time) not from last charge.
there is an app called Better Battery Stats but it causes wakelocks but it will show you those type of stats and more
I think you are mistaken friend. The discharge graph shows the time since the last recharge. See http://support.google.com/android/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=2677609&topic=2677645&ctx=topic (last para) for details.
Sent from my MB855 using xda app-developers app
.cruiser said:
I think you are mistaken friend. The discharge graph shows the time since the last recharge. See http://support.google.com/android/?hl=en#/answer/2677609 (last para) for details.
Sent from my MB855 using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
well on my Epic it will say whatever time its been on since turned regardless of being charged or not, ive tested it out on several devices i think your losing your mind haha what does it matter anyways?
Its simply telling you how long you have been using the battery not when it was off the last charge.
.cruiser said:
I've been charging my phone on a regular basis. Daily in fact. But the stats tell a different story. Anyone else with the same problem? Anyone knows how to fix this?
Sent from my Nexus S using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
For me it happens when the recharge doesn't make the battery goes above 90%. The graph will "reset" when the battery is charged above 90%.
Stock kernel synergy rom 1.3
Jeeebus! That's awesome
Sent from my SCH-I535 using xda app-developers app
Get the cell standby fix
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1810382
Sent from my SCH-I535 using xda app-developers app
SightSeeker said:
Stock kernel synergy rom 1.3
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
amazing!
my razrmaxx is nowhere near as good!
jokerxfn said:
Get the cell standby fix
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1810382
Sent from my SCH-I535 using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Has anybody actually tried this?
SightSeeker said:
Stock kernel synergy rom 1.3
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I woke up to the exact same thing this morning. Awesome!
Sent from my SCH-I535 using Tapatalk 2
Am I the only one who charges my phone overnight?
Sent from my Nexus 7
TheBiles said:
Am I the only one who charges my phone overnight?
Sent from my Nexus 7
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Not only that but i usually doze off streaming youtube or a podcast. So going to bed with my phone not charging is not an option.
VERIZON GALAXY S 3
I thought you were going to post a pic of some hottie you found at a bar. Damn its only a pic of your battery discharging, what a geek
TheBiles said:
Am I the only one who charges my phone overnight?
Sent from my Nexus 7
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Typically, I do but last night I wanted to see what it would do unplugged.
Sent from my SCH-I535 using Tapatalk 2
I find that when I have my phone unplugged for like 3-4 hours it drains very quickly once I start using it. For example I'll unplug at like 7 or 8 and go back to sleep, wake up 3 hours later or something. When I start to use my phone it seems to drain a lot quicker. Is this normal for you guys?
kench33 said:
I find that when I have my phone unplugged for like 3-4 hours it drains very quickly once I start using it. For example I'll unplug at like 7 or 8 and go back to sleep, wake up 3 hours later or something. When I start to use my phone it seems to drain a lot quicker. Is this normal for you guys?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Does it drain much during that 3 hour interval? You could try using an app like CPU Sleeper or SetCPU that allows you to turn off a core when the screen is off.
I love the battery life on Synergy 1.3! I haven't flashed to 1.4 yet, kinda liking where my set-up is right now. I'll probably wait until there's a few of the kinks worked out yet.
But yeah, I charge my phone overnight too...It usually comes off the charger about 8am, and at midnight I still have 50-60%, depending on how my day went...Some days, I only have to charge every other...
Looks like you're using about 12-13mA while idling, I am assuming you had mobile network and wifi off? I'm typically at around 24mA with wifi idling
d1ez3 said:
Looks like you're using about 12-13mA while idling, I am assuming you had mobile network and wifi off? I'm typically at around 24mA with wifi idling
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nope. Data and wifi on although I have sleep set to never when plugged in. I don't think I have anything set to auto update besides push mail though so it probably slept all night with me
This is standard battery as well. I just added the lean kernel and I am getting even better battery life. This is with mild screen time and 2 hours of pandora. You can see in the screen shot that it was only really awake when I had the pandora running.
Crazy battery life.....anyone have comparisons between this and 1.4? Would be interesting to see if the claims by some is true about the additional drain.....
Battery Life
That's some really smoking battery life! Congratulations, are you using any app or tweak for that?
therobzilla said:
That's some really smoking battery life! Congratulations, are you using any app or tweak for that?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's lack of apps honestly. I have nothing auto syncing. I'll sync it when I get in the app. Also using better battery stats showed me an app that was wake locking. The lean kernel and battery saver script I'm sure are helping. No need for an extended battery on this baby.