s2 skyrocket doesnt turn on and vibrates! please help :/ - AT&T Samsung Galaxy S II Skyrocket SGH-I727

Hello
Please help me!
i have the s2 skyrocket I727 from at&t
today my s2 turned off while there was about 30% of bettery life
and it started to vibrate every 3-5 seconds
i took out the battery and put it back then the phone turned on with the samsung logo, then another samsung logo appeared
and it turned off again and started to vibrate
i tried to connect it to a charger but it didn't help...
how can i fix it, or is it possible to fix at all?
my s2 has the original OS that was installed by at&t but it was rooted
i got the phone from at&t but i don't live in the usa so i can't reach their labs
thanks in advance

rinaf said:
Hello
Please help me!
i have the s2 skyrocket I727 from at&t
today my s2 turned off while there was about 30% of bettery life
and it started to vibrate every 3-5 seconds
i took out the battery and put it back then the phone turned on with the samsung logo, then another samsung logo appeared
and it turned off again and started to vibrate
i tried to connect it to a charger but it didn't help...
how can i fix it, or is it possible to fix at all?
my s2 has the original OS that was installed by at&t but it was rooted
i got the phone from at&t but i don't live in the usa so i can't reach their labs
thanks in advance
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What process did you use to root?
Did this begin to occur immediately after rooting? Or did the phone function for awhile first?
Are you certain you did not try to flash a rom?
Seems like a simple boot loop. Can you get into recovery mode or download mode?
Unclefest v2 alive and kicking - support SeanZ!

If it starts by itself after you reinsert the battery, you have a stuck power button.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using xda premium

Datron said:
What process did you use to root?
Did this begin to occur immediately after rooting? Or did the phone function for awhile first?
Are you certain you did not try to flash a rom?
Seems like a simple boot loop. Can you get into recovery mode or download mode?
Unclefest v2 alive and kicking - support SeanZ!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
a friend did the root for me so i dont know what proccess he used, but he did it in march and i didnt had any problems sicne than
and i didnt try to do flash the rom ,i dont know how do to it...
i tried to call and the phone just went off.
i tried to press the power and vol buttons to go to the recovery mode but nothing happens

its a sticky power button, go to the 1 stop link in my sig, in the info section there are a few links on that issue, you can also search this forum w/the terms "sticky power button"

100% stuck power button. Try searching first next time.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using Tapatalk 2

This happened to me over the weekend. Phone was working fine, and then spontaneously reboot. It would then display the Samsung logo, start to boot, and then start to boot into the rom but restart. This repeated infinitely. I would pull the battery and reinsert and it would start without me holding the power button.
I am occasionally able to boot into recovery mode. I tried wiping all kinds of cache/etc. Several times, I would be able to chose a few options, but then the phone would reboot into the loop. Last night, I was able to get so far as to re-flash an earlier CyanogenMod nightly. This was successful, and I was then able to boot fully. Once I did that, I installed the update to the stable CM10 rom, which was also successful. I had about 3-4 hours of uptime total before the phone did it again. This is extremely frustrating.
My phone is about a year or so old, give or take a month, maybe. It has normal wear; I have dropped it a handful of times, and not recently. I do not use a case. As I mentioned, I have been running CM10.
If the issue is a stuck power button, is my only real option to take it to an ATT store? I do not have insurance. Obviously I have voided the warranty, but if I can go back to stock and reset the flash counter, will I be able to get a new phone? I am not concerned with the data that is on the phone as it is all stored in the cloud. I just need to be able to make/check calls/e-mails/texts, etc. Luckily I have it set to my google voice number, so I have made temporary arrangements, but this cannot continue. How is it possible that Samsung manufactured this phone so poorly that the power button doesn't even last a full year?

The power button is stuck, clean it out bro
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using Tapatalk 2

xcrazydx said:
The power button is stuck, clean it out bro
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
How?

saluja04 said:
How?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Take the phone apart
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using Tapatalk 2

xcrazydx said:
Take the phone apart
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Have you done this? If so, do you have instructions? I've never taken it apart, and I don't want to risk anything.

saluja04 said:
Have you done this? If so, do you have instructions? I've never taken it apart, and I don't want to risk anything.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah it's simple. Use Google search. There's a thread for replacing the screen. Just use the beginning steps of that to get the case off.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using Tapatalk 2

saluja04 said:
Have you done this? If so, do you have instructions? I've never taken it apart, and I don't want to risk anything.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
all the info u need is in the 1 stop sticky, read my friend, read

vincom said:
all the info u need is in the 1 stop sticky, read my friend, read
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks, Vincom. I have read/watched all three of the links. Most of the discussion centered around sending the phone in for repair--other than that, none seem to have offered a long term solution. I contacted AT&T and found out my phone is out of warranty as of November 26th. Awesome. AT&T told me to contact Samsung. Samsung tried to convince me that it is a software issue. I suggested it may be the power button but I don't think the guy agreed. In any case, he said I could send it in to Samsung for free and they would look at it.
I will probably do this as soon as I can find a spare phone to use while my skyrocket is in the shop.
@Vincom, much props to you for your help in the other threads. Have you heard much about people working with Samsung for this kind of issue?
---------- Post added at 02:31 PM ---------- Previous post was at 02:21 PM ----------
Wanted to add: I don't necessarily mind opening up the phone and messing with the power button, but as I've never done it before, and there don't seem to be clear instructions on specifically what to do to get it back into working shape. I am a bit scared to try it, particularly if it irreversibly voids any warranty I might have with Samsung. However, if that is the best solution (and it will definitely do the job) I will definitely give it a try.

the pic below the green arrow is pointing to the power button which is that little white rectangle, it moves in and out, look around it to see if it is dirty, press it repeadetly to free it up, others have used compressed air, used alcohol to clean the button, even soaking it in alcohol
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}

Success!
I followed vincom's and xcrazydx's (thank you both so much) instructions and took the phone apart, cleaned everything out as best I could, and put it back together again with (hopefully) minimal damage. The phone now boots fully! I will post in a few days or so about the uptime, but so far, all seems good. In the past I was able to get a few hours of uptime; so far I've rebooted it several times and have now had it up fully for about a half hour.
To future newbies like me facing the 2-second-vibrate-boot-cycle-stuck-power-button problem, prepare to get your hands dirty:
Tools:
- size 0 Phillips screwdriver (I used a flathead screwdriver I had from a eye-glass repair kit bought from the CVS/drugstore for like $3)
- canned air duster with tube
- que-tips?
- paperclip or other small tool to dislodge dust (I used an earwax removal tool that came with my earbud headphones)
- paint scraper/ruler/credit card - anything to pry open the phone
1) Pull the battery so that it stops vibrating
2) Unscrew the seven small screws that hold the case together
3) Using the scraper/ruler/credit card to pry the phone apart at the bezel. Follow instructional videos on Youtube that describe how to replace the screen (h/t xcrazydx for this tip). I used a metal letter opener and left scores around the bezel. This only got me so far. It took me a while to actually pry it apart (I suppose that's a good thing); in the end I used a credit card with a soft plastic sleeve around it (specifically a Datawatch ID entry fob card).
4) Using canned air/que-tips, remove as much dust as you can from both the exterior case and the circuit board. For me, a lot of it was caked on to the case, so I used the earwax removal tool. A small paperclip may work, but be careful not to scratch any components
5) Following vincom's diagram, carefully remove the power button from the bezel. The button is held in place by two hooks that surround plastic pins on either side of the opening. Be very careful not to break either the hooks or the pins! When they said the power button was flimsy, I am guessing this is what they are referring to; I cannot repeat how easy it is to break the hooks especially
6) Test the power button to make sure it's not stuck.
7) After replacing any buttons you might have removed (power or volume), replace the casing and screw everything back in. You should be good to go.
Hopefully I don't have to do all that again. That was the first time I'd ever really taken apart something like this. It was pretty straightforward.
Hopefully all that helps.

saluja04 said:
I followed vincom's and xcrazydx's (thank you both so much) instructions and took the phone apart, cleaned everything out as best I could, and put it back together again with (hopefully) minimal damage. The phone now boots fully! I will post in a few days or so about the uptime, but so far, all seems good. In the past I was able to get a few hours of uptime; so far I've rebooted it several times and have now had it up fully for about a half hour.
To future newbies like me facing the 2-second-vibrate-boot-cycle-stuck-power-button problem, prepare to get your hands dirty:
Tools:
- size 0 Phillips screwdriver (I used a flathead screwdriver I had from a eye-glass repair kit bought from the CVS/drugstore for like $3)
- canned air duster with tube
- que-tips?
- paperclip or other small tool to dislodge dust (I used an earwax removal tool that came with my earbud headphones)
- paint scraper/ruler/credit card - anything to pry open the phone
1) Pull the battery so that it stops vibrating
2) Unscrew the seven small screws that hold the case together
3) Using the scraper/ruler/credit card to pry the phone apart at the bezel. Follow instructional videos on Youtube that describe how to replace the screen (h/t xcrazydx for this tip). I used a metal letter opener and left scores around the bezel. This only got me so far. It took me a while to actually pry it apart (I suppose that's a good thing); in the end I used a credit card with a soft plastic sleeve around it (specifically a Datawatch ID entry fob card).
4) Using canned air/que-tips, remove as much dust as you can from both the exterior case and the circuit board. For me, a lot of it was caked on to the case, so I used the earwax removal tool. A small paperclip may work, but be careful not to scratch any components
5) Following vincom's diagram, carefully remove the power button from the bezel. The button is held in place by two hooks that surround plastic pins on either side of the opening. Be very careful not to break either the hooks or the pins! When they said the power button was flimsy, I am guessing this is what they are referring to; I cannot repeat how easy it is to break the hooks especially
6) Test the power button to make sure it's not stuck.
7) After replacing any buttons you might have removed (power or volume), replace the casing and screw everything back in. You should be good to go.
Hopefully I don't have to do all that again. That was the first time I'd ever really taken apart something like this. It was pretty straightforward.
Hopefully all that helps.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
ill add this to the sticky

Bad news
After the operation a few days ago, I thought i was in good shape. However the problem recurred last night. I am now not certain the issue is a sticky power button. Or at least, I don't believe the issue is dust.
I think my only recourse is to send it into Samsung. Does anyone know if I need to flash to stock before I do? Do you think they will care that I've opened it up? Alternatively I might try to talk to AT&T and try to convince them to help me out. I've been with them since before Cingular and am on a family plan with five lines. I'd be upset if they didn't recognize my loyalty.

saluja04 said:
After the operation a few days ago, I thought i was in good shape. However the problem recurred last night. I am now not certain the issue is a sticky power button. Or at least, I don't believe the issue is dust.
I think my only recourse is to send it into Samsung. Does anyone know if I need to flash to stock before I do? Do you think they will care that I've opened it up? Alternatively I might try to talk to AT&T and try to convince them to help me out. I've been with them since before Cingular and am on a family plan with five lines. I'd be upset if they didn't recognize my loyalty.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, return to stock!
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using Tapatalk 2

xcrazydx said:
Yes, return to stock!
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This may be a problem as the issue is persistent. I will call Samsung and have them get the process started. If by the time I have to mail it I can't get the phone back to stock, I may have to just send it as is. Hopefully I'm not SOL.

Related

[Q] Brick?

Hey folks, looking for a bit of help. So my wife washed my phone.(it didn't actually make it through the entire cycle because i realized what she did a minute or two too late. Regardless, the phone still got wet. I immediately pulled the battery along with SIM and SD.(I didn't try to power it on) I put the phone into a bag of rice and left it there for over 3 days. The phone seemed to be completely dried but i put it in the food dehydrator for good measure. The phone stayed in the dehydrator for 18+ hours. I reinserted the battery and plugged into AC and to my surprise I actually had a display. However, the phone gets to the AT&T screen and then reboots very near the end of the animation.(If left alone, the phone will boot loop indefinitely) I am able to boot into CWM recovery successfully. I tried flashing a ROM but the phone still boot loops. Flashing seems to work like it should, ie no errors, boot animation for ICS when flashing that. And yes, I've cleared cache/factory wipe/etc multiple times) I am unable to get into download via vol keys and usb cable to PC. I have a working jig that doesn't seem to invoke download mode either.(Plugging in the jig actually boots the phone into CWM recovery) The next step is to try forcing the phone into download via ADB.(downloading SDK onto new laptop now)
So after the above novel, my question is this: besides key combo, jig, and ADB is there an alternate way to force phone into download mode? A google search doesn't yield much...mostly articles ripped off of this site.
Is it possible to flash a .zip or script to force into download mode?
p.s. Odin does recognize the phone as a target when using the jig even though the phone is in recovery instead of DL mode.
Its worth mentioning that my lovely wife did spring for a brand new skyrocket the day my phone was washed meaning this phone is yet another to tinker with.
Wow what a great wife
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using xda premium
You may have stuck volume buttons due to water or partial shorts on usb connectors. Try and get some isopro achohol and clean contacts and get compressed air spray to clear any debri
. Also take out sim card and clean it and the contacts
Good luck
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using Tapatalk
brookfield said:
You may have stuck volume buttons due to water or partial shorts on usb connectors. Try and get some isopro achohol and clean contacts and get compressed air spray to clear any debri
. Also take out sim card and clean it and the contacts
Good luck
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for the suggestion. I too considered that one of the buttons was stuck. However i am able to navigate within CWM recovery using the vol+ and the vol- buttons.
I actually did your other suggestion too.(not exactly but pretty close) I left that part out of my original post for the sake of brevity. Here's what I did:
I detached the the PCB from digitizer. I've got an electronics background so I happen to have quite a variety of small tools. One of which is a tiny medium/lite stiffness wire bristled brush.(It's like a tiny paint brush) I lightly brushed and cleaned all connections. This includes the connectable/disconnectable ribbon cables as well as any solder joint that I was able to access. Some ICs are "sealed" with epoxy so those connections couldn't be accessed.(Also seems like they stayed water proof) Basically I cleaned every place on the PCB that I saw irregularities. There were tiny spots of corrosive build up that looked as if they may be possibly shorting IC pins. Almost like "tin whiskers" except i used a magnifying lens and not a microscope.
I next used an air hose to remove debris I had just brushed off.(By the way, I like to stay away from canned air when using directly on components, it seems to leave a film. sometimes the un-evaporated contents also cause dust to cake)
I used a cap of isopropyl and some cotton swabs to clean the contacts further then let air dry. I wish I would have taken before and after pics because there was a huge difference. Anyways, this was actually done in between the bag of rice and dehydrator steps I mentioned earlier.
nthknd said:
Wow what a great wife
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes sir. The original phone was bought out of contract at full price since I didn't want to wait for my upgrade to roll around. I was eligible for the contract discount this time.
Questions go in q&a
Here's the update:
I was able to force DL mode through ADB. Now that I can use Odin, I've realized that I'm not sure what i should flash. I'm thinking I'm going to try to completely return to stock. Simply flashing a ROM seems to work except for the boot loop. The boot loop happens regardless of the ROM i flash. The boot animation changes with different roms as expected. This leads me to believe the internal storage is indeed functional.
Should I try a kernel?
Bootloader?(is one even available?)
Stock Recovery?
silver03wrx said:
Questions go in q&a
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Can I move this thread?
I hope it does move, this is an interesting story lol
Sent from my SGH-I727R using XDA App

Phone power downs randomly, then...

So i've recently come back again with an issue i had before with my S2 where i had an issue of it randomly shutting off then vibrate. Back then i just restock to ATT and made sure the power button wasn't stuck. It wasn't happening for a while until just yesterday. [ I did go back to Jellybean after the problem stopped happening as well]
Now currently i've restock back to ATT 2.3 /
So now im almost positive it isn't my battery because once that problem started happening [still stocked] again. Also it would randomly shut off when im and listening to music with headphones and emit a high freq. pitch and the LED camera was flashing when it vibrated as well. Its also very hard to get it back to recovery/download mode but i can and also just starting it up again with the power button and i have to also take out the battery as well .
So so far i've gone back ATT with Odin, and was wondering if someone could help me.
You restored to stock 2.3? Gingerbread? I've only experienced this when uninstalling apps on jellybean, particularly apps with root access. Will do a hot boot. Likely because the system is not mounting or unmounting properly during process. I assume. Never once have I experienced this on any ICS Rom. Try Sky ICS or Embryo 5.x.x Rom. They're both pretty stable.
Sent from my SGH-I727 using xda premium
aliysared said:
So i've recently come back again with an issue i had before with my S2 where i had an issue of it randomly shutting off then vibrate. Back then i just restock to ATT and made sure the power button wasn't stuck. It wasn't happening for a while until just yesterday. [ I did go back to Jellybean after the problem stopped happening as well]
Now currently i've restock back to ATT 2.3 /
So now im almost positive it isn't my battery because once that problem started happening [still stocked] again. Also it would randomly shut off when im and listening to music with headphones and emit a high freq. pitch and the LED camera was flashing when it vibrated as well. Its also very hard to get it back to recovery/download mode but i can and also just starting it up again with the power button and i have to also take out the battery as well .
So so far i've gone back ATT with Odin, and was wondering if someone could help me.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Can you get me a copy of the info tag under the battery please? There was a series (which I had 3 of) that had the same hardware issue that you are experiencing. I'm not near my SR of the series, but will look when I get home and post. It is however an issue that AT&T and Samsung are aware of. AT&T gave me a GS III due to the issue.
risondi 1650
Edit: I see!
aliysared said:
Sure:
Model: sgh-i727
fcc id: a3LSGHi727
Rated 3.7 1500ma
IMEI:
S/N : R2CBA64411R
SKU: 65319
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well that looks like it was from a different batch. Same factory but different batch. Most likely you have the same hardware issue I had. My recommendation is to contact AT&T via PHONE, not the international line. You don't want warranty dept. Tell them that you are on a Sky Rocket, and that this is your "x" one that was under warranty, and that all "x" of them have failed under the same known hardware issue. The options you will have are either get a replacement, file under any extended warranty you purchased, OR you can tell them that it is unacceptable, and you would like a different device. They cannot offer you a note, note 2 or any of the iphones. I opted for the S III, and have been happy ever since.
Just so you know it is not the best idea to post you're IMEI publicly.
hechoen said:
Just so you know it is not the best idea to post you're IMEI publicly.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
man now i cant even remove it from the other users qoute, but i think i found out it is the powerbutton because when i eventual am able to boot up my phone, if i press the powerbutton to wake up it , it then a few seconds later will shut down randomly and start vibrating with either the flash or no flash at all [camera LED] also it seems like my phone was wet and the power button is not stuck because i opened up the entire phone and its still clickable with no problems.
aliysared said:
man now i cant even remove it from the other users qoute, but i think i found out it is the powerbutton because when i eventual am able to boot up my phone, if i press the powerbutton to wake up it , it then a few seconds later will shut down randomly and start vibrating with either the flash or no flash at all [camera LED] also it seems like my phone was wet and the power button is not stuck because i opened up the entire phone and its still clickable with no problems.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Done did, well get a dental pick (not a tooth pick) and gently clean around the edges of the power button. When you do get it powered back up, make a backup to your sd card, JUST IN CASE you need to send it back to sammy.
I dunno if I'm having something similar happen. My phone was working completely normally (CM 10). Working this AM ok, I pull up an email, and then it shuts off, tries rebooting, the Samsung logo comes up, I get a brief flash on the screen (sometimes just a single line that varies in position on the screen) and then it keeps vibrating. Never had this happen before....and of course it happens as I am at the airport without my laptop to try and put it into download mode...I can't even get it into recovery. Ugh!
Any thoughts?
jslanger said:
I dunno if I'm having something similar happen. My phone was working completely normally (CM 10). Working this AM ok, I pull up an email, and then it shuts off, tries rebooting, the Samsung logo comes up, I get a brief flash on the screen (sometimes just a single line that varies in position on the screen) and then it keeps vibrating. Never had this happen before....and of course it happens as I am at the airport without my laptop to try and put it into download mode...I can't even get it into recovery. Ugh!
Any thoughts?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
sticky power button, 1stop sticky has a few links for that problem
Or take the phone apart and clean it. Its not hard like 6 00 screws and a box cutter then its really easy to clean.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using Tapatalk 2
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
This is what the power button looks like
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using Tapatalk 2
Thx. I did take it apart. Luckily I had a micro screwdriver for glasses with me, since I am out of town. Took the board off, blew into it, pressed the button a bunch, etc. Seems to be working now.
Sounds like this is not an uncommon problem though. Makes me wonder about the quality of the parts... This phone is just over a year old, and has always had a case on it (though I do keep it in a pocket so there could be some lint working its way in).
I am a novice at taking this phone apart, and I managed to do it with the following:
An old laminated Blockbuster video card
A hotel door key
A glasses flathead screwdriver.
So if you are nervous about taking it apart, don't worry... It's not hard.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using xda app-developers app

Skyrocket has died (I think) - any help or advice is welcome

I have had my Galaxy SII Skyrocket since January 4th of 2012. About two weeks after I bought it I got drunk at a party and dropped in into the road. Didn't crack the screen or anything. Just had some scratches on the outside bezel.
Now here come the questions, I had my skyrocket rooted and installed many different roms over the previous months. I would say since June I have been updating and installing different Roms on my device. Well, About 4 days ago while I had CvD Nibbles installed on my phone with the CPU overlocked to 1.723 I think? with incredicontrol, My phone just restarts. I didn't think anything about it at first.
So, I take the battery out and restart like normal, everything seems to be fine, but I reduce the CPU speed just to be sure. receive a couple text messages then BAM! phone restarts again. Except this time when I tried to take the battery out and place it back in, the phone automatically booted up (without pressing the power button at all). I see the Samsung logo and then it just restarts to a black screen and is stuck in a vibrating loop about every 2-3 seconds.
Also, I have noticed that when I try to connect a USB cable and put the phone in download mode that the download mode screen will pop up, but as soon as I click volume up to continue, a blue screen flashed quickly and the phone restarts.
Additionally, will the scratches on the bezel affect the warranty if I send it in to Samsung?
What could this problem be? I even tried a brand new battery at best buy, didn't help. I was thinking it is a hardware issue inside the phone?
any advice will help, thanks
Wesley32 said:
I have had my Galaxy SII Skyrocket since January 4th of 2012. About two weeks after I bought it I got drunk at a party and dropped in into the road. Didn't crack the screen or anything. Just had some scratches on the outside bezel.
Now here come the questions, I had my skyrocket rooted and installed many different roms over the previous months. I would say since june I have been updating and installing different Roms on my device. Well, About 4 days ago while I had CvD Nibbles installed on my phone with the CPU overlocked to 1.723 I think? with incredicontrol, My phone just restarts. I don't think anything about it at first.
So, I take the battery out and restart like normal, everything seems to be fine, but I reduce the CPU speed just to be sure. recieve a couple text messages then BAM! phone restarts again. Except this time when I tried to take the battery out and place it back in the phone automatically booted up (without pressing the power button at all). I see the Samsung logo and then it just restarts to a black screen and is stuck in a vibrating loop about every 2-3 seconds.
Also, I have noticed that when I try to connect a USB cable and put the phone in download mode that the download mode screen will pop up, but as soon as i click volume up to continue a blue screen flashed quickly and the phone restarts.
What could this problem be? I even tried a brand new battery at best buy, didn't help. I was thinking it is a hardware issue inside the phone?
any advice will help, thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Stuck power button.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using xda premium
Probably a stuck power button. It's a common problem on this phone. I'd Odin back to stock when you can and take it back to where you bought it. You only have a few days before your warranty is up.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using xda app-developers app
I took the phone apart and cleaned the dust out.
Didn't help
I also tried to boot the phone up without the outer shell on it. Also did the same thing, I almost ruled out stuck power button. Because if I take the outer shell off then the power button isn't even touching the white trigger underneath the case. You know what I am saying?
Wesley32 said:
I took the phone apart and cleaned the dust out.
Didn't help
I also tried to boot the phone up without the outer shell on it. Also did the same thing, I almost ruled out stuck power button. Because if I take the outer shell off then the power button isn't even touching the white trigger underneath the case. You know what I am saying?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No, it's a stuck power button.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using Tapatalk 2
Okay, im gunna take my phone apart again and post a picture. I cleaned it pretty thoroughly, whats the best way to unsticking it?
Sometimes you can just keep pushing the power button over and over until it fixes itself
theres a few links about this in the 1stop sticky in the "info " section in the sticky
its an internal problem we/i call "the sticky power button".
theres a link on taking it apart to clean the button internally, sometimes works, sometimes not, if not get the warranty repair
Wesley32 said:
Okay, im gunna take my phone apart again and post a picture. I cleaned it pretty thoroughly, whats the best way to unsticking it?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I had the same symptoms. Took it apart. Played with the button several minutes to no avail. Try blowing preferably some canned air right into where the white button is. Button doesn't appear to be stuck. There is more than likely some dust or lint behind the white button.
!0 minutes start to finish to fix my "stuck power button"
Good luck.
a good way to check if it is still stuck would be to blow air into the white button, then place the battery back in the device, If it powers on immediately without pressing any buttons then its still stuck right?
Wesley32 said:
a good way to check if it is still stuck would be to blow air into the white button, then place the battery back in the device, If it powers on immediately without pressing any buttons then its still stuck right?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
....And the obvious vibrating
I would say yes.
Alright, I am about to go on lunch break at work and I will grab my phone and pick up some air duster. Any other suggestions for cleaning out the button? like chemicals to use to remove the dust?
Wesley32 said:
Alright, I am about to go on lunch break at work and I will grab my phone and pick up some air duster. Any other suggestions for cleaning out the button? like chemicals to use to remove the dust?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I wouldn't recommend using any chemicals. some duster should be fine.
I'm sure you took a look at the stickies vincom mentioned. There are a lot of more "denial and error" stories over there.
again... good luck!
*system error* said:
I wouldn't recommend using any chemicals. some duster should be fine.
I'm sure you took a look at the stickies vincom mentioned. There are a lot of more "denial and error" stories over there.
again... good luck!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah it's hilarious. So many people saying...
Person in denial:
"I know it's not the power button, it can't be. I already looked at it 3 times and its not stuck"
Me
It's internally stuck, dude.
Person in denial:
"I already told you it's not stuck"
Me:
It's definitely stuck, clean it.
Person in denial:
"You were right, I cleaned it and it works now!"
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using Tapatalk 2
I got so lucky! i sprayed the **** out of that button, and cleaned the little outer button. It actually started up. Thanks for all of the help.
Ill be back in the Rom testing game now!
Wesley32 said:
I got so lucky! i sprayed the **** out of that button, and cleaned the little outer button. It actually started up. Thanks for all of the help.
Ill be back in the Rom testing game now!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Good work dude!
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I727 using Tapatalk 2

Black screen on a rooted phone. question

I have been running MOAR rom for a few days. this morning i tried to open it and the screen was black. it is working underneith it . i can answer phonecalls, i started s-voice with 2 taps on the home button and it fired up. the only thing is the screen is black.
I talked to verizon and they are sending me a replacement. my question is do i have to odin it back to stock to return it? any input would be great. also how would i get into odin mode? what is the easiest way from the command prompt?
this sucks
+!
I just had the same thing happen overnight. The power comes on and the screen is responsive to touch, it's just completely blank. I can't figure out how to get download mode to start so I can run Odin back to stick.
Normally yes, you should do this. Are you both sure it's not just the rom itself? I know AOSP roms are having some instability issues related to the Linux 3.4 kernel. Does your display turn on after a reboot or removing the battery several times? It's highly unusual this exact same thing issue would happen to two people unless it was a kernel glitch or too much undervolting.
(From a powered off state) Download mode: power button, home and volume down. Idk if you weren't sure how to boot into download mode or if it's just not working.
Sent from my SCH-I535 using xda app-developers app
Running MROM build:20130423.
I get nothing on the screen at all. I pulled the battery (couldn't see where to touch the screen for shutdown to work), and I've tried both ways so far. I tried just powering it on again, and it seems to power up just fine .. with nothing visible. It vibrates when I tap the screen, the leds are on, etc. Just a completely black screen.
I tried to get into Download mode as well. Pulled the battery (BTW, the battery had a full overnight charge. When the phone is plugged in, the LED is green) and did the Vol-down, Home, Power combo; but I can never see anything on the screen to know when the triangle appears. I've tried guessing several times by pressing the Vol-up button at various intervals after doing the download mode start combo. It vibrates to tell me the power has started, but nothing visual at all.
Still absolutely nothing on the display.
---------- Post added at 12:44 PM ---------- Previous post was at 12:26 PM ----------
So the real question is, if I'm reading the OP correctly, is how do we get the phone back to stock without any sort of visual assistance on the phone itself?
kidhudi, correct me if you are looking for something different. If so, I'll start my own thread.
How long are you holding that button combo for download mode? Also, try holding home and volume down then pressing the power button. And what about booting into recovery? Any luck there?
Sent from my SCH-I535 using xda app-developers app
OK . the screen started working , kinda. the whole right side is solid purple. i was able to boot into odin mode and odined back to stock.
rebooted and the screen is still jacked up but at least it is readable. my replacement will be here monday.
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
SlimSnoopOS said:
How long are you holding that button combo for download mode? Also, try holding home and volume down then pressing the power button. And what about booting into recovery? Any luck there?
Sent from my SCH-I535 using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've tried holding down the key combo for just a second or two (before the initial power-up buzz), just after the initial power-up buzz, and several seconds after the initial power buzz, even to the point of it buzzing a second time. I've tried it a bunch of different ways. No luck. It still feels like it's powering on, I just can't see anything.
I've also tried to get into recovery several times, still with no display.
I've got a feeling I'm screwed. If that's the case, what's the likelihood of still being able to do a warranty replacement? Will VZW techs be able to get in and see that I've customized the phone (unlocked bootloader, custom ROM, etc.)?
dude volume down power and home.. after press volume up then you should be in odin mode
kidhudi said:
OK . the screen started working , kinda. the whole right side is solid purple. i was able to boot into odin mode and odined back to stock.
rebooted and the screen is still jacked up but at least it is readable. my replacement will be here monday.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Great news! I hope to get to that point soon.
Is the rest of your screen looking really grainy? Mine did that last night before I let it just sit overnight. The graininess was to the point where I could barely make out a few things on the screen, but nothing else.
---------- Post added at 12:59 PM ---------- Previous post was at 12:56 PM ----------
kidhudi said:
dude volume down power and home.. after press volume up then you should be in odin mode
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah, I've done that hundreds of times with other phones (Yes, I'm a flashoholic), and a bunch of times with the GS3. I'll try it again and see if it shows up in Odin on my PC. I still can't see anything on the phone, regardless of what mode I try to boot to.
tsgeek said:
I've tried holding down the key combo for just a second or two (before the initial power-up buzz), just after the initial power-up buzz, and several seconds after the initial power buzz, even to the point of it buzzing a second time. I've tried it a bunch of different ways. No luck. It still feels like it's powering on, I just can't see anything.
I've also tried to get into recovery several times, still with no display.
I've got a feeling I'm screwed. If that's the case, what's the likelihood of still being able to do a warranty replacement? Will VZW techs be able to get in and see that I've customized the phone (unlocked bootloader, custom ROM, etc.)?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hold it for about twenty to thirty seconds. It's finicky and sometimes even takes a few attempts. You very well might be screwed, like I said something like this ordinarily shouldn't happen on the same rom unless it was user caused with voltages. Has anyone else mentioned similar issues on that rom thread?
If Verizon could recover it, sure it's always possible especially since we aren't exactly sure what happened in the first place. Personally, I'm of the mindset that Verizon thinks something is up with returned devices having the same issues lol Will they care? I doubt it.
Sent from my SCH-I535 using xda app-developers app
yes what you see is what i see. the whole bottom right is still BLACK.. the right is purple. and the rest is a purple haze. i just kept pulling the battery and restarting.. also i pulled the battery for like an hour to let things that hold voltage simmer down. good luck bro we are all with you.
Well, I got nothing. VZW says that, since there is a crack on the screen (from 8 months ago), they cannot do a warranty replacement.
At least I had an old Blackberry 8830 to transfer the account, so I can keep my unlimited data plan. I hope the thing still powers up!
tsgeek said:
Well, I got nothing. VZW says that, since there is a crack on the screen (from 8 months ago), they cannot do a warranty replacement.
At least I had an old Blackberry 8830 to transfer the account, so I can keep my unlimited data plan. I hope the thing still powers up!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Wow. That's absolutely sucks. Maybe you can sell your GSIII for parts and buy a used GS4 in two months?
Sent from my SCH-I535 using xda app-developers app
SlimSnoopOS said:
Wow. That's absolutely sucks. Maybe you can sell your GSIII for parts and buy a used GS4 in two months?
Sent from my SCH-I535 using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks. That's my thought. Of course, I'd have the buy the GS4 retail, since I don't want to lose my unlimited data.
I may just find a replacement on eBay. Maybe a Rezound? Can't spend too much.
tsgeek said:
Thanks. That's my thought. Of course, I'd have the buy the GS4 retail, since I don't want to lose my unlimited data.
I may just find a replacement on eBay. Maybe a Rezound? Can't spend too much.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Should be a good replacement, either that or see how low the RAZR M or GNex are running for.
Sent from my SCH-I535 using xda app-developers app
tsgeek said:
Well, I got nothing. VZW says that, since there is a crack on the screen (from 8 months ago), they cannot do a warranty replacement.
At least I had an old Blackberry 8830 to transfer the account, so I can keep my unlimited data plan. I hope the thing still powers up!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
sorry to hear bro they told me if there is damage it would cost me 299 bucks. i do have a little chip in the bezzel around the size of a small ant and the same shape too. i am debating on trying to paint it with nail polish or something but it is probably not the best idea. . i am going to see if they make a stink. if so i will mail the replacement back and close my VZ account for good.
kidhudi said:
sorry to hear bro they told me if there is damage it would cost me 299 bucks. i do have a little chip in the bezzel around the size of a small ant and the same shape too. i am debating on trying to paint it with nail polish or something but it is probably not the best idea. . i am going to see if they make a stink. if so i will mail the replacement back and close my VZ account for good.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The "best" they could do for me was $419 for a refurb. No thanks.
Thanks for the moral support guys!
kidhudi said:
sorry to hear bro they told me if there is damage it would cost me 299 bucks. i do have a little chip in the bezzel around the size of a small ant and the same shape too. i am debating on trying to paint it with nail polish or something but it is probably not the best idea. . i am going to see if they make a stink. if so i will mail the replacement back and close my VZ account for good.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
edit I would try it on both of yalls phones.
It might not work but I would tighten all the screws under the back cover just to see if there is a loose contact or ground. It doesn't cost and only takes a few as seconds.
Cruzin the Galaxy SIII via SynergyRom/Anthrax kernels
bbolton_98 said:
edit I would try it on both of yalls phones.
It might not work but I would tighten all the screws under the back cover just to see if there is a loose contact or ground. It doesn't cost and only takes a few as seconds.
Cruzin the Galaxy SIII via SynergyRom/Anthrax kernels
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for the tip. didn't help though still in the same boat. It probably is a loose connection internally. the screen get worse the longer it has the battery in it.
PS.. i should know this but if I odin back to stock do i still have to worry about the trip (flash) counter?
Same Problem
Last night the screen stopped coming on but all of the lights still work. Does anyone have an idea of how to unroot the phone without the screen coming on? (I have tried putting it in Odin mode)

[HELP] Power Button broken/stuck

I tried searching. Didn't find any other thread for a broken button.
So I was using my phone normally, until today morning. Suddenly the power button got stuck up.(is what i can diagnose out of it).
It keeps restarting to google logo , animation comes up, and then back again.(~8 seconds)
Im rooted and on a custom rom.
I have my phone in warranty, but the bootloader is unlocked, and custom romed.
So, what I wanted to ask is, can I go to a service center and be okay with it?
P.S: Im from India
Try pressing the power button firmly and see if it loosens up? If it's just the power button which is stuck, then I don't think the unlocked bootloader will matter... If it's broken, then you will have to pay for it irrespective of the bootloader being locked or unlocked.
However, since it's LG (India), nothing can be certain.. Here's an email I had got from them when I had asked them about unlocking/rooting:
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
vin4yak said:
Try pressing the power button firmly and see if it loosens up? If it's just the power button which is stuck, then I don't think the unlocked bootloader will matter... If it's broken, then you will have to pay for it irrespective of the bootloader being locked or unlocked.
However, since it's LG (India), nothing can be certain.. Here's an email I had got from them when I had asked them about unlocking/rooting:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I tried. Now its doing nothing.
But when i plug it into the charger, it just keeps doing the same thing and that padlock symbol.
Seriously, no warranty?
Its a hardware fault, right?
And what are the lockup to broken possibilities?
a 6 month old phone.
Reflash stock factory images followed by locking your boot loader through fastboot.
Sent from my XT1032 using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
frictionbuster said:
I tried. Now its doing nothing.
But when i plug it into the charger, it just keeps doing the same thing and that padlock symbol.
Seriously, no warranty?
Its a hardware fault, right?
And what are the lockup to broken possibilities?
a 6 month old phone.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well, there's nothing you can do other than sending it in to LG. Try holding the power button for 20-30 seconds and see if it switches off? and then try to boot it?
When you unlock/root there's always a possibility of getting screwed (even though this hardware issue isn't related to unlocking). Take it to the nearest LG Service outlet and hope for the best. Since it's just the power button which is at fault, I think they might cover it! :fingers-crossed:
That's why I always lock the bootloader after I'm done flashing via the bootunlocker app. You can lock/unlock the bootloader without wiping data!
1c3_5n0w said:
Reflash stock factory images followed by locking your boot loader through fastboot.
Sent from my XT1032 using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The power button is stuck, his phone is rebooting constantly! How can he flash factory images while his device reboots??
vin4yak said:
Well, there's nothing you can do other than sending it in to LG. Try holding the power button for 20-30 seconds and see if it switches off? and then try to boot it?
When you unlock/root there's always a possibility of getting screwed (even though this hardware issue isn't related to unlocking). Take it to the nearest LG Service outlet and hope for the best. Since it's just the power button which is at fault, I think they might cover it! :fingers-crossed:
That's why I always lock the bootloader after I'm done flashing via the bootunlocker app. You can lock/unlock the bootloader without wiping data!
The power button is stuck, his phone is rebooting constantly! How can he flash factory images while his device reboots??
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
:'(
Should i wait for a few days?
and thanks vin4yak for the help.
Is there a possibility that something stuck up in between?
Dirt or some particle?
And, if its broken, how much will it cost me?
Thanks.
Try a service center, tell them the button stucked and you have unlocked bootloader, then ask them will they repair your phone under warranty if they do then ask for a repair. If they do not repair it under warranty then ask them for the price. It must be cheap for unstuck the power button. If you think that price is too much for you then disasdemble the phone and fix power button.
If the guys at the service centre know nexus 5 then they should repair it under warranty.
Tapatalk-kal küldve az én Nexus 5-el
frictionbuster said:
:'(
Should i wait for a few days?
and thanks vin4yak for the help.
Is there a possibility that something stuck up in between?
Dirt or some particle?
And, if its broken, how much will it cost me?
Thanks.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You could wait and see if it sorts out?? Possibilities are always there of something like that happening... It's best you show it to a professional (LG SC). No idea about the pricing. Contact LG and get a quote.
Did you buy your phone via play store? If so, you could contact google and see what they have to say about this.
vin4yak said:
You could wait and see if it sorts out?? Possibilities are always there of something like that happening... It's best you show it to a professional (LG SC). No idea about the pricing. Contact LG and get a quote.
Did you buy your phone via play store? If so, you could contact google and see what they have to say about this.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes. I,m waiting for a day or two.
And trying.
Nope. I bought it from a normal retailer.
So no chance of Google / Google warranty.
Ill go first to the LG SC and see what they say.
Update: I give a few thumps, on the power button side, using my hand, the button seems to release. Phone tries to boot. and then the button goes back down again.
Hope this is just some dust or a particle of some sort. No damage
frictionbuster said:
Yes. I,m waiting for a day or two.
And trying.
Nope. I bought it from a normal retailer.
So no chance of Google / Google warranty.
Ill go first to the LG SC and see what they say.
Update: I give a few thumps, on the power button side, using my hand, the button seems to release. Phone tries to boot. and then the button goes back down again.
Hope this is just some dust or a particle of some sort. No damage
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Okay. This is amazing.
Today it started working normally. So i flashed stock and locked the bl using the toolkit.
Although I can't feel the problem, I'm gonna go the SC for making sure what that was.
Thanks everyone. Appreciated.
frictionbuster said:
Okay. This is amazing.
Today it started working normally. So i flashed stock and locked the bl using the toolkit.
Although I can't feel the problem, I'm gonna go the SC for making sure what that was.
Thanks everyone. Appreciated.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I had this issue at one point. I fixed it when I was trying to take out one of the screws and my drill hit the phone side and popped it back into place. Who knew.
Sent from my Nexus 5 using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
I had this problem twice, and when I opened the back cover it fixed itself like magic. Yesterday I had it again and no luck so far.
I open the phone up to check the internal button, and if "feels" normal. But it's stuck.
Why is this soldered to the mother board? It's such a simple problem and I may have to get a new phone because of it.
I had this happen to my volume rocker. I eventually hit it and pressed it enough that it fixed itself.
I got mine to work again just throwing it several times on my bed hahaha
I'm kinda scared to use the power button now... using software for that now
Febag92 said:
I had this problem twice, and when I opened the back cover it fixed itself like magic. Yesterday I had it again and no luck so far.
I open the phone up to check the internal button, and if "feels" normal. But it's stuck.
Why is this soldered to the mother board? It's such a simple problem and I may have to get a new phone because of it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Same thing. After I flashed stock, locked the bootloader, the button got stuck again.
Thankfully, I had copied my data and wiped my phone completely.
Went to the service center, and they asked me to submit my phone.
Luck, is the only word appropriate here.
bumping this thread a little bit, my N5 has started showing signs of a sticky power button,just a minute ago I felt it constantly vibrate in my pocket but no sound and when I checked, it was bootlooping... tapped the power button quite hard a few times and now it boots, ain't the first time it happened either, once it took me one full day to get it back to normal.
Is this something that happens only to the first phones? I know that the rattling was fixed at some point in production but mine has it so its one of the first to come out of the factory. What about fixing it myself? or how does warranty work with nexus devices? I bought it from a retailer in Finland that imported them from germany (possibly straight from play store) and the retailer has since gone out of business, is my 24month warranty still valid if the store that issued it is gone?
Notn4 said:
bumping this thread a little bit, my N5 has started showing signs of a sticky power button,just a minute ago I felt it constantly vibrate in my pocket but no sound and when I checked, it was bootlooping... tapped the power button quite hard a few times and now it boots, ain't the first time it happened either, once it took me one full day to get it back to normal.
Is this something that happens only to the first phones? I know that the rattling was fixed at some point in production but mine has it so its one of the first to come out of the factory. What about fixing it myself? or how does warranty work with nexus devices? I bought it from a retailer in Finland that imported them from germany (possibly straight from play store) and the retailer has since gone out of business, is my 24month warranty still valid if the store that issued it is gone?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hard to say. Mine is a day 1 device and has never had this issue not has it rattled. Also you can still get rattling devices so it doesn't look like they've fixed it at all
Sent from my Nexus 5 using Tapatalk
Just stop it from rattling by your favourite method, be it paper, um blutack, um anyways noone will know
Ten min cutoff app.
power button removed - need to power on device
I have a question, same problem as dozens and dozens are having with the nexus 5 power button. I had looked around for fixes and came across a workaround for a galaxy s3. remove the 4mm power switch and turn the phone on by holding volume down and plugging the usb cable in. then from the recovery screen hit cancel (reboot) and the phone started up. then there are many apps that allow locking and unlocking of screen without the use of a power button.
...so I removed my power switch, which was the cause of the problem and plugged the phone in with down pressed and VOILA! I was in...or so i thought. I cannot select any option from that menu without a power button. Next i tried to flash a blank .tar file with auto reboot checked even though odin didnt give a com port. When I connected it to my pc it started to install drivers for it, I thought that was a good sign so i opened up ADB and tried to reboot from there, but it didnt pick up the device. (theres a small chance the drivers arent installed correctly, its a friends phone) Since I have a G3 i thought the drivers would be compatible sort of an umbrella of devices by LG.
My question is: is there any way at all, to signal to the phone to power up so i can install workaround apps while the 4mm power switch arrives in the mail? I've also tried a battery pull/plug cable in combo to no avail. if theres a timing trick i'd love to know about it.
thanks all!
with phone booted in bootloader mode you can use "fastboot reboot" command and phone will boot to system .

Categories

Resources