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MoaAB: Mother of All AD-BLOCKING > BLOCKS ADware Malware Spyware Bloatware Ransomware
We can only dream of 'THE' Perfect AD & Malware Blocker...
BUT.....
Dont wait any longer and start your quest in an AD free, Safer & Secure Experience.
Start using MoaAB. DOWNLOAD Right Now.
Update: NEW UPDATE IN PROCESS...
The Purpose of this Project is to make Device CLEANER, FASTER, SMOOTHER & FRIENDLY.
--------------------
The IDEA is to Minimize the ADs... NOT Total Eradication. Respect the Good Developers and there Revenues for Living.
FREEDOM NOTE: My ADBlocking MOD realizes that advertising and revenue is important to OEM/App Developers and this is how they earn money, BUT too much Advertisements are instrusion to privacy (I am also an App Developer but I Really Dont Like ADs). Advertisements are not automatically blocked but users have the choice whether to block or not block by manually Fashing my ADBlocking CWM MOD.
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE: This MOD will Save you CPU Processing used in Advertisement Contents, In-App Ads, Hidden App Call-Back Home Routines, Malware/Spyware Sites, In-App User Data Collection, Definitely... Stupid Garbage from Internet and Precious Bandwidth resulting Extended Battery Life and Money Saved in Internet bills. THINK ABOUT IT.
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>>> What is a 'hosts' file? What it Does? Whats in it for Me?
The 'hosts' file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names and loaded into memory (cache) at startup. Android OS checks the 'hosts' file before it queries any DNS servers, which enables it to override addresses in the DNS. This prevents access to the listed sites by redirecting any connection attempts back to the localhost (127.0.0.1), which is a loopback and traffic is dropped instantly (saving your millions of money used by network traffic 2G/3G/4G). Another feature of the 'hosts' file is its ability to block other applications (bogus applications) from connecting to the Internet, providing the entry exists.
'hosts' file is used to BLOCK ADs, BLOCK Banners, BLOCK 3rd Party Cookies, BLOCK 3rd Party Page Counters, BLOCK Web Bugs, BLOCK Web Hijackers, BLOCK Phishing Sites, BLOCK Malwares, BLOCK Spywares, BLOCK Trackers, BLOCK Unauthorized Application connections to web and BLOCK other Malicious activities...
This is not 100% Protection but atleast it takes care of ALMOST ALL OF THE SECURITY ISSUES FACING FROM THE BAD SITES.
For full Security, Use Antivirus or Security Suite from Android Market.
>>> Performance Issue? Will my device run SLOW?
I am using this 'hosts' file from my chilhood days and never had any performance issue to date, Although you might have a little delay in startup for few seconds (but you will not even notice) and then everything will be cool in standby and active mode. I say "Little delay is better than ADs, Malwares and Spywares..."
Please Read this Post for RAM usage
>>> Compatibility?
ANDROID FAMILY: 4.x, 5.1.x, 6.x, 7.x :angel: (5.0.x not supported, android memory leaks)
DEVICE FAMILY: Anything which has 1 GB of RAM and atleast 1.2GHz CPU minimum.
This MOD requires some amount of RAM (4MB - 8MB) and CPU for effective functionality. "Anything below the compatibility specs" might be working But wll be Slow and Laggy. PLEASE DO NOT PM me or POST on this thread for issues if so. I Don't and Won't Support.
WiFi/Mobile: Please disable PROXY to use this 'MOD' else no blocking will happen.
>>> How to install?
Just Copy Paste the 'hosts' file in /system/etc or Import it in some ADBlock App locally or Import in NetGuard. Thats It. ENJOY
>>> What is BLOCKED?
In-App/Web ADs, In-App/Web Trackers, Malware/Spyware Domains, Tracker Cookies, Malicious Call-Back Home App Functions, Malicious 3rd Party Redirection Functions and Possibly Some Level of Virus/Trojan Protection and More...
CAUTION: IMPORTANT NOTE to USERS This is not an APP but A Single file (MASSIVE ), So my packages is not altering any system functions, automating tasks, requiring frequent user interactions or installing/uninstalling system events. This package is not doing anything malicious but just sitting there and speaking/directing where to go or not... thats it. I hope All is Clear :angel: Please do not complain of bootloops, softbricks or hardbricks, i am not responsible
CAUTION: IMPORTANT NOTE to APP DEVELOPERS & AD OWNERS This is not an Interception App or Reverse Engineering Code BUT an Android Standard defined for user configuration. I am trying to make my Device (which i own in terms of Hardware/Software which i Paid for) much CLEANER, FASTER, SMOOTHER & FRIENDLY for general use :angel:. My program will not alter any of the installed App/s or inject any interception code in your App/s :good:. All Request/s and Response/s are handled by OS (Android) layer. In no way to want to hurt the Developer BUT my priority is CLEAN DEVICE. :good:
If anyone (Users or Developers) wants to exclude the domains or sub-domains from this MOD please PM me with possible reasons. I will be happy to help you.
NOTE to USERS: Please Do not post your work in this thread. This is to avoid untested or duplicated or unstable work. You can defenitly share via some file share and PM the work to users OR Please create your own thread.
>>> DISCLAIMER :good:
This 'hosts' file will possible block harmful effects, active and passive intrusion of potential sites or apps but using this also/might block regular site and/or apps. YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED and USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.
I take no responsibility of any losses and damages to your Hardware or your Software component/s caused by this piece of code. You have been given the choice of NOT FLASHING or TO FLASH the ADBlocking CWM and yourself choosen the way to stop the ADs. This MOD might also block regular domains because of the extreme blocking nature. You will also be protected from Malware/Spyware/Bloatware but limited to the extent of updates. YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED :angel: HAPPY AD-BLOCKING
>>> DOWNLOADs For Rooted (ROOT) and Non-Rooted (via VPN) Phone/s.
NEW UPDATE IN PROCESS...
If You are Complaining TOOO MUCH then Please Read this
* Direct Link for ADBlock Apps: "http://adblock.mahakala.is" super credits to
nagpochenpo
* REVERT this MOD and Reset to Stock
Safe & DNS IP for everyones use:
208.67.222.222
8.26.56.26
208.67.220.220
8.20.247.20
Just add the above entries in your DNS settings.
>>> How to Know if this MOD is WORKING???
Go here & Follow instructions http://ads-blocker.com/testing
Public License for ROM and for Auxiliary Work
You can Distribute my MOD with my Permissions. Distribution should include my XDA name 'BSDgeek_Jake' and Link to this 'ADBlocking MOD' thread in your Credits sections/About sections and Properly Visible to Human Eyes. Distribution should be synced with the latest MOD updates or Can be pointed to the MOD alternate download mentioned in this Post or my Profile Page. Please PM me for any queries.
NEW RULE for MoaAB Usage and Sharing:
1. All permissions for shared work is NOW REVOKED except for ROM Developers. Please Re-request.
2. No user is allowed to MIRROR or MAKE a COPY of MoaAB. Request for Permission before making any.
3. Please Do Not FILL my thread Asking for LAST OLD NEW or FUTURE releases. Its a Free Work in my Busy Time. I dont Mind Helping, I Love to, but TOOOOOO MUCH will discourage my work.
4. Please Search the thread before Asking for Questions. Most of are ALREADY answered and resolved. Self Help is the Best.
5. Please use PM to share your Files, Screenshots and Configurations. Don't Post it onto my thread.
6. Please Help me in Keeping MoaAB thread Visually Clean and Searchable.
And... If You Like my MoaAB MOD... Remember to Press...Thanks button
Thanks for this! If I already have a hosts file with lots of blocked addresses in my /etc and system/etc folders how can I add these?
Thank you for your help
Sent from my GT-I9100 using xda app-developers app
to Obagleyfreer
Obagleyfreer said:
Thanks for this! If I already have a hosts file with lots of blocked addresses in my /etc and system/etc folders how can I add these?
Thank you for your help
Sent from my GT-I9100 using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi Obagleyfreer,
You can append the hosts file to your '/etc/hosts' either by some terminal program (BetterTerminal) or copy your '/etc/hosts' to your PC and manually append then re-copy over USB.
I strongly recommend to use my version of 'hosts' file over yours due to the fact that it contains updated BLOCKING Data from more than 5 sources. It also contains Custom BLOCKING Data based on my analysis.
Happy BLOCKING.
Thank you for this
I love getting rid of apps and doing stuff manually. I can of course just copy paste this, but I'm trying to learn and acclimate myself to adb, so I don't stress each time I wish to use it for mission critical stuff. If anyone can effortlessly provide the adb commands, I can of course spend a half hour Googling and another hour messing up my syntax, for which I keep my Wakizashi nearby...just in case Seppuku begin pulling me(pun intended).
I know I need to do my time in UNIX and as in all things it will become second nature eventually. With self teaching ala Google, and fear of asking questions and almost certainly being flamed or ridiculed, with a heavy dose of sarcasm by those who've forgotten what it was like being to be a noob. It happens often that the answer to my question was to be found buried in an obscure thread from three years ago, which I failed to retrieve, as my query wasn't phrased just so. (I apologize in advance for my unfair rant, please do accept, it began in an attempt for a little light comic relief, and morphed into a bitter montser) thanks in advance for any help you may be able to provide, or even for just disregarding my vent and not holding it against me. I do feel better for it. I promise to help people all I can out once I've got a solid grip on Unix based CLI
Cheers
Hi.
Thank you very much for your hard work on this hosts file, but could you please also add busbox'x hosts file to into this one.
Because i see now that not all the ad's from installed apps i have installed on my phone are been blocked by your hosts file but they are blocked by busybox.
When I installed this host file, I noticed that it was easily 2x the size of my old host file.
Thanks for all your hard work !!!
Sent from my SCH-I535 using xda premium
comparison
this hosts file sure took hard work to put together. I installed it, but for now I reverted back to ad-away cuz there were many ads in european newspapers 'n crappy stuff. I put it to owner = system cuz I I couldn't put it to owner = root. r-r-r- was set properly. maybe you could feed your hosts into the ad-away project and merge it.
mai77 said:
this hosts file sure took hard work to put together. I installed it, but for now I reverted back to ad-away cuz there were many ads in european newspapers 'n crappy stuff. I put it to owner = system cuz I I couldn't put it to owner = root. r-r-r- was set properly. maybe you could feed your hosts into the ad-away project and merge it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Make Sure You are 'ROOT' (Superuser or SuperSu)
Just open 'Root Explorer' and copy the 'hosts' file to '/etc/' or '/system/etc'. tap and hold on 'hosts' file and tap on 'Permissions'. Set it rw-r-r and Owner to root:root. Reboot and Thats It.
I did that now. still lotsa ads in da newspapers. one was about stupid natural gas from Statoil, Norway. can't have dat crap.
will go back to ad.away
Ok. now I used yaffs explorer to edit file permissions. Works with above settings. Still set ad away active, but with This «hosts»
All ads gone. Nice!
nice! much more than AdAway offers (so far) :good:
Site Blocked
Taringa.net is blocked (esta pagina no deberia de estar bloqueada)
what's the different with AdFree?
lucubrb said:
what's the different with AdFree?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi, AdFree or any other AdBlock app will block minimum of ads but my 'hosts' file has multiple sources for AdBlocking and it also include custom Malware/Spyware domain based on my analysis.
Currently its a manual job to put 'hosts' file into the '/etc' or '/system/etc' using 'RootExplorer' but soon i will publish CWM to make it automated.
MisterNot said:
Taringa.net is blocked (esta pagina no deberia de estar bloqueada)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Taringa.net is a Hybrid Ad domain, so blocked by default. You can remove it manually by editing the 'hosts' file by yourself.
just to inform that it doesn't block adds from tubemate app
Sent from my GT-N7100 using xda premium
FYI, your hosts file blocks all Dropbox and Hotfile links, which is a really bad thing for we xda rom/mod flashers.
I love the idea of a giant hosts file but I had to revert to AdFree
Thanks for the work though
Thanks for this!
.:Sent from the Hellfire Galaxy of S & 3:.
---------- Post added at 10:44 AM ---------- Previous post was at 10:43 AM ----------
agriff said:
FYI, your hosts file blocks all Dropbox and Hotfile links, which is a really bad thing for we xda rom/mod flashers.
I love the idea of a giant hosts file but I had to revert to AdFree
Thanks for the work though
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hmm that will need to be edited for sure..
.:Sent from the Hellfire Galaxy of S & 3:.
agriff said:
FYI, your hosts file blocks all Dropbox and Hotfile links, which is a really bad thing for we xda rom/mod flashers.
I love the idea of a giant hosts file but I had to revert to AdFree
Thanks for the work though
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
New Updated 'hosts' file is now uploaded excluding Popular File Sharing Sites.
ENJOY :good:
Just wanted to say thanks for putting all those hosts together, works great!
Now available on http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=32276021#post32276021
Thanks for this updated host file but to be really frank with you, i can't believe the fact that thia host file is capable of blocking more than 200000 domains. Normal apps like adfree and adblock have block max of 50000 domains. So, it is quite hard to believe. Hope it is completely legit. :Fingers crossed:
Sent from Hell!!
to .xxx.
.xxx. said:
Thanks for this updated host file but to be really frank with you, i can't believe the fact that thia host file is capable of blocking more than 200000 domains. Normal apps like adfree and adblock have block max of 50000 domains. So, it is quite hard to believe. Hope it is completely legit. :Fingers crossed:
Sent from Hell!!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This has nothing to do with the adfree or adblock or any other apps. The simple concept is to BLOCK a requests (AD) to a address though a loopback (127.0.0.1) address and it is forcefully dropped by the system. The is no System Load or CPU/Memory hogs. Everything is Linux and it follows a Basic Logic of Name/IP Resolution.
AND It Magically WORKS...
Happy BLOCKING.
..................................................................
Samsung Galaxy S2
Firmware: ICS 4.0.4 XWLPX
ROM: VK ROM 5.4.4
Kernel: Phenomenal 6.1
Modem: BVLP7
MODS: xLOUD,SRS,BRAVIA Engine,ALSA Resampler, Audio Effects Engine
Just wanted to say thank you for this. This is awesome! Thanks for your hard work.
J
BSDgeek_Jake said:
Mother of AD BLOCKING - 'hosts' file for your Android Baby - Updated 05 December 2012
I AM BACK WITH NEW UPDATE.
CHANGES: :angel:
1. Duplicate entries removed.
2. Alternate Malware Domain Blocks.
3. Converted TAB to SPACES, Encoding to UTF-8, Line Endings to LF (UNIX).
4. Corrected improper domain names and improper comment entries.
5. Popular File Sharing Sites excluded from list
(mediafire,filestube,depositfiles,box,rapidshare,rapidlibrary,4shared,hotfile,uploading,uploaded,fileserve,zippyshare,filefactory,2shared,etc...)
NOTE: Due to some technical issues i lost my earlier XDA credentials and related posts. NOW-on i will be 'BSDgeek_Jake'
Here i present the Mother of AD BLOCKING to STOP those Annoying ADs (Text and Media), Crazy Malware and Spyware, Possibly POP-Ups and other Nonsense Unwanted Parasites.
NOTE: This 'hosts' file is fully compatible and tested on Android Operating Environment 2.2.x, 2.3.x, 3.x, 4.0.x, 4.1.x
> What is a 'hosts' file? What it Does? Whats in it for Me?
The 'hosts' file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names and loaded into memory (cache) at startup. Android OS checks the 'hosts' file before it queries any DNS servers, which enables it to override addresses in the DNS. This prevents access to the listed sites by redirecting any connection attempts back to the localhost (127.0.0.1), which is a loopback and traffic is dropped instantly (saving your millions of money used by network traffic 2G/3G/4G). Another feature of the 'hosts' file is its ability to block other applications (bogus applications) from connecting to the Internet, providing the entry exists.
'hosts' file is used to BLOCK ADs, BLOCK Banners, BLOCK 3rd Party Cookies, BLOCK 3rd Party Page Counters, BLOCK Web Bugs, BLOCK Web Hijackers, BLOCK Phishing Sites, BLOCK Malwares, BLOCK Spywares, BLOCK Trackers, BLOCK Unauthorized Application connections to web and BLOCK other Malicious activities...
This is not 100% Protection but atleast it takes care of ALMOST ALL OF THE SECURITY ISSUES FACING FROM THE BAD SITES.
For full Security, Use Antivirus or Security Suite from Android Market.
> Performance Issue? Will my device run SLOW?
I am using this 'hosts' file from my chilhood days and never had any performance issue to date, Although you might have a little delay in startup in miliseconds (you might not even notice, trust me) and then everything will be cool in standby and active mode. I say "Little delay is better than ADs, Malwares and Spywares..."
> Compatibility?
ALL OEM :angel:
Android 2.2.x, 2.3.x, 3.x, 4.0.x, 4.1.x :angel:
> How to install?[/COLOR]
You have to be ROOT (su) to copy the 'hosts' file to '/etc' and '/system/etc' and setting the permissions to 'root:root' and '0444' or 'r-r-r'. Reboot you Android Baby and That It. ENJOY.
> What is the Updated Cycle?
Major Update: 2 Months and Intermediate Updates.
> Any Qyeries?
Ok. Throw me some questions :laugh:
> What is BLOCKED?
carrier*q,airp*sh,open*eint,hey*ap,lea*bolt,moolah*edia,tap*t,ad*ob,in*obi,ad*ense,tech*upportalert,ad*ervices,micro*oft ads,ya*oo ads,goo*le ads, se*rch ads,star*app and many many more.
CURRENTLY 200464 AD DOMAINS BLOCKED :good:
> DISCLAIMER :good:
I take no responsibility of any losses and damages to your Hardware or your Software component/s caused by this piece of code. Although this piece of code is tested by me in my 'LAB' extensively and i found no issues at all and 100% working. YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED :angel:
HAPPY AD BLOCKING.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Really GOOD JOB!!! Thank you
good job
Could u explain exactly what is this
In simple nooby language please..thank u
Sent from my GT-I9000 using xda premium
magician369 said:
Could u explain exactly what is this
In simple nooby language please..thank u
Sent from my GT-I9000 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Its an Advertisement and Harmful Content Blocker.
You phone is most safer and secure from stupid websites and crazy apps.
ENJOY :victory:
VPN app add host files
BSDgeek_Jake said:
This has nothing to do with the adfree or adblock or any other apps. The simple concept is to BLOCK a requests (AD) to a address though a loopback (127.0.0.1) address and it is forcefully dropped by the system. The is no System Load or CPU/Memory hogs. Everything is Linux and it follows a Basic Logic of Name/IP Resolution.
AND It Magically WORKS...
Happy BLOCKING.
..................................................................
Samsung Galaxy S2
Firmware: ICS 4.0.4 XWLPX
ROM: VK ROM 5.4.4
Kernel: Phenomenal 6.1
Modem: BVLP7
MODS: xLOUD,SRS,BRAVIA Engine,ALSA Resampler, Audio Effects Engine
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I can't root my POS Alcatel fierce 4 but I do have a VPN app
for no root which I can add host files. I assume I just add the
entire zipped folder? That's my only option. The app on the
Play Store is called "Virtual Hosts".
Credits: BSDgeek_Jake Hello Friends!
# What is a 'hosts' file? What it Does? Whats in it for Me?
The 'hosts' file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names and loaded into memory (cache) at startup. Android OS checks the 'hosts' file before it queries any DNS servers, which enables it to override addresses in the DNS. This prevents access to the listed sites by redirecting any connection attempts back to the localhost (127.0.0.1), which is a loopback and traffic is dropped instantly (saving your millions of money used by network traffic 2G/3G/4G). Another feature of the 'hosts' file is its ability to block other applications (bogus applications) from connecting to the Internet, providing the entry exists.
'hosts' file is used to BLOCK ADs, BLOCK Banners, BLOCK 3rd Party Cookies, BLOCK 3rd Party Page Counters, BLOCK Web Bugs, BLOCK Web Hijackers, BLOCK Phishing Sites, BLOCK Malwares, BLOCK Spywares, BLOCK Trackers, BLOCK Unauthorized Application connections to web and BLOCK other Malicious activities...
This is not 100% Protection but atleast it takes care of ALMOST ALL OF THE SECURITY ISSUES FACING FROM THE BAD SITES.
For full Security, Use Antivirus or Security Suite from Android Market.
# Performance Issue? Will my device run SLOW?
I am using this 'hosts' file from my chilhood days and never had any performance issue to date, Although you might have a little delay in startup for few seconds (but you will not even notice) and then everything will be cool in standby and active mode. I say "Little delay is better than ADs, Malwares and Spywares..."
# Compatibility?
OEM: Samsung, HTC, Sony, LG, Google, Motorola, Huawei, ZTE, Almost ALL OEM...
ANDROID FAMILY: 2.2.x, 2.3.x, 3.x, 4.0.x, 4.1.x, 4.2.x
# How to install?
Just Flash in Clockworkmod Recovery (CWM) and Thats It. ENJOY
Download with Dev-Host
thank for share. But not need post a new thread in here because we will have it in Android Software And Hacking General. It will be search by user.
P/s: You edit file zip? you credit for he and upload your host! It as is you bring and that it is of you. Please if want create new thread you should create link to Original Post to help any people to have update from OP's:good:
You can also use adaway from fdroid free software market
Wow, giving credits is one thing, but copypasting and mirroring is another...
And you receive thanks for sth another guy did... We do not need this type of repost
...
Anyway, editing the hosts file is much better than using AdAway or AdBlock...
nice share
Sent from my GT-I8160 using xda premium
I with my team we created a very useful application for android, our goal is to convey to you that this is a very good and high-quality way to get rid of advertising
AdGuard is a unique tool that blocks advertising in applications and browsers even without getting root rights, protects your personal data and helps you manage your applications.
Easy to install and configure, but powerful and multifunctional - AdGuard has all the features you need from an ad blocker.
AdGuard is the best choice for protecting against malicious programs and getting rid of obsessive advertising. Every step you take on the Internet will be safer and more comfortable with AdGuard!
Why Adguard
1)Full ad blocking
2)Protection of your personal data
3)Saving traffic
4)Absolute control over advertising
System requirements:
Operating system version: Android 4.0.3 or higher
Operative memory of the device: from 700 Mb
Free space to install the application: 30 MB
Root rights: Not required
You can download it from our official website:Adguard.com
original thread here
https://forum.xda-developers.com/android/apps-games/adguard-ad-blocker-doesnt-require-root-t2958895
thread closed
I really hate the modern world.
Anyhow I have been running Noroot firewall and some form of blacklist browser for years. "Smart"phone are practically unusable without. How have I seen the internet mostly devolve as it develops. Your parents are right Nostalgia is not a over fond memory in a fog of the past but a realistic time where devices had real controls and monitoring. Seems we have supplemented privacy and efficiency for ShINY POLIsHEd APPS so bloated and malfunctional.
Nuff ranting.
I feel like I am being fooled into a somewhat false sense of security by noroot. I mean it is published by 'greyshirts'. Is that a word play on 'whitehats'?
Do you see I can deny access to several apps with varying results. For instance:
Instagram is now unaffected by noroot.
Snapchat will continue to try to access servers and refuse to upload images but texts and some data still pass.
Some games like World of Warships +bump. Work Flawlessly despite no access.
And a whole host of other apps will not function, ALTHOUGH they can still push notifications. I do not understand Java or Android well enough to know how or why. This device is NOT rooted. My experience is minimal with a couple of roots some adb logging thats it very rusty
Somebody could please explain ?
If somebody would train me I will gladly make an OS that has complete and transparent root level firewall and IP logging.
It seems the only way to steal back the internet from the data logging companies and advertisers and the big colorful monstor itself.
Sorry iphone users you are probably ****ed sideways in your blissful ignorance.
Whatthetrax said:
I really hate the modern world.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Me too.
A ( proxy ) firewall basically is a piece of software that monitors incoming and outgoing network transfer and gives you the chance to either block or allow the network transfers by setting related filters. IMO with regards to outgoing transfer on Android no extra ( proxy ) firewall software is neeeded at all, you define what IPs are to be blocked via Android's hosts file.
The NoRoot Firewall app you mentioned simply substitutes the make-use-of Android's hosts file - what only can be kept up-to-date by a root user, nothing else. My Android's hosts file has over 14,000 entries.
The only advantage why to use NoRoot Firewall app I can see is possibilty you can allow or deny only specific ( outgoing ) connections on a per app basis.