[Q] What is NAND? - General Questions and Answers

anyone please exxplain what is 'NAND'?

I think it is short for Nandroid. Which is a backup made by either Titanium backup,CWM or another program that can do advanced backups.
Sent from my GT-N7000 using Tapatalk

NAND flash memory
NAND flash memory is a type of non-volatile storage technology that does not require power to retain data.
There are two types of flash memory, NAND and NOR. The names refer to the type of logic gate used in each memory cell. (Logic gates are a fundamental building block of digital circuits). NOR flash was first introduced by Intel in 1988. NAND flash was introduced by Toshiba in 1989.
The two chips work differently. NAND has significantly higher storage capacity than NOR. NAND flash has found a market in devices to which large files are frequently uploaded and replaced. MP3 players, digital cameras and USB drives use NAND flash. NOR flash is faster, but it's also more expensive. NOR is most often used in mobile phones.
Some devices use both NAND and NOR. A pocket PC, for instance, may use embedded NOR to boot up the operating system and a removable NAND card for all its other memory/storage requirements. NAND has a finite number of read-write cycles, though the total number continues to increase with each generation of chips. If the NAND card wears out, the user simply buys a new one and the device continues to function. By passing the expense of additional storage on to the consumer, manufacturers have been able to lower the price of consumer electronic devices significantly.
An important goal of NAND flash development has been to reduce the cost per bit and increase maximum chip capacity so that flash memory can compete with magnetic storage devices like hard disks. New developments in NAND flash memory technology are making the chips smaller, increasing the maximum read-write cycles and lowering voltage demands. Such improvements will continue make the technology even more common in laptops and thin client desktop computers.
MoPhoACTV Initiative

Thank you, very interesting reading.

Thanx everybody for the info, appreciate it so much... looking for nand for htc hd mini...

solleh.mc said:
Thanx everybody for the info, appreciate it so much... looking for nand for htc hd mini...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That makes no sense. What exactly do you think it is you are looking for? Memory? SD card? Backup?

DirkGently said:
That makes no sense. What exactly do you think it is you are looking for? Memory? SD card? Backup?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
this is what im talking about...
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1455555

Photonic CM 7.2; No GPS
I'd been using this rom since day 1 Schlund upload it at Xda-Developer.
Until now my GPS dont working at all, anyone can help me out?
regards...

Related

XDA Mini 64MB to 128MB Internal RAM Upgrade

Upgrade your iMate JAM/XDA Mini series internal RAM from 64MB to 128MB with our upgrade service. During the upgrade process we remove the existing 64MB and install 128MB. This memory upgrade does NOT require our proprietary driver and is fully recognized by the OS (121.39MB Available). This unit uses low voltage hi-speed BGA memory, so stacking is not available and 128MB will be the maximum capacity.
Check this site:http://www.pocketpctechs.com/main~unit~O2_XDA_Mini-287~area~upgrades-ram~item~JAM-064-128RAM.htm
does anyone tried this already?? :wink: [/quote][/b]
I'm not sure if this was discussed in this forum but I think it was in Howardforum. Expansys does/did sell units upgraded by pocketpctechs
Assuming this 'operation' is still done, I would have thought that it is no longer cost effective to do so(?)
ram up grade
so will it work for xda2 mini, if so am interested in doing so, but how do i do it, thatz a mystery... hhahahhahah
Re: ram up grade
asinan said:
so will it work for xda2 mini, if so am interested in doing so, but how do i do it, thatz a mystery... hhahahhahah
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's probably near impossible to DIY it unless you are well versed in electronic circuit engineering...and you being able to get hold of the large memory chip!
There is no "memory module", that could be plugged or unplugged. Two chips HYB25L256160AC are soldered on board. Those, who want to perform upgrade himself need to have SMD rework station and pair of new memory chips - HYB25L512160AC. And one small SMD resistor should be also installed on empty place near CPU(it was discussed).
It's not possible for non-experienced person. However - if someone needs chips to do it - try to put your request on HKinventory.com site - but I'm not sure, if someone will be interested to supply less, than 20 chips ... but you can get price <$10 for chip.

[Q] Computer Vs. Phone

So, phones have evovled alot during the last few years.....
full html browsing, front and back cameras, emulation, and 1080 video playing
The difference between computers and phones have blurred......
so I ask this
"what can computers do that phones can't?"
other then the obvious processing power, graphics, and software designing.....
-I use this "what can computers do that phones can't?"
question to ask what i want my next app to be like so
any help is good help/answers
They pretty much do the same things these days. A PC just does everything a million times better
The issues with phones are input (you just can't beat a full tactile keyboard and mouse combo) and output (small screen). But that's easy to solve - dock. So in the not too far future you'll have all the computing power and personal data in your pocket and be able to do quite many tasks with that. Then, for the big tasks, you'll put the device on a dock connected to a keyboard, mouse and large display.
Gusar321 said:
The issues with phones are input (you just can't beat a full tactile keyboard and mouse combo) and output (small screen). But that's easy to solve - dock. So in the not too far future you'll have all the computing power and personal data in your pocket and be able to do quite many tasks with that. Then, for the big tasks, you'll put the device on a dock connected to a keyboard, mouse and large display.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You forgot about storage.
It would be great if you could dock your phone, have the screen project onto a wall, and have a wireless keyboard that synced...you'd basically have your computer..minus the hard drive space and all
I'd agree with Gusar, the input device is what really sets them apart IMO.
Unfortunately, Photoshop. The mobile app is a joke - I'm talking about layer editing, adjustment layers, masks, etc. If it weren't for Photoshop, and the ease of typing my school documents in Word, I'd never open my laptop.
There are a lot of things that run better on a computer, but I find myself using my phone for almost everything.
Sent from my PC36100 using Tapatalk
theo80 said:
You forgot about storage.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You forgot about Moore's Law.
Which states that the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years. (Thank you wikipedia )
This basically means that storage capacity doubles without becoming more expensive or bigger. Considering the fact that my Galaxy S II has 16 gb ( and 32 gb is possible ) of internal storage and another 32 gb of sd storage. Storage capacity will be 256 gb in 4 years. Of which 128 gb is really fast, for OS, and 128 gb is considerably fast, file storage.
When looking at the bigger picture other problems will be solved too. Because most of the specs will quadruple you are able to use photoshop and such.
And thereby the cloud computing will have evolved tremendously too in four years, rendering all the storage capacity useless.
So by the time we'll see docks as a standard, other problems will be solved too. Unless software requirements are raised too, but that seems unlikely, since my old 1.5 ghz 1 gb ddr 2 RAM laptop runs windows 7 fluidly. ( except for aero, damn you intel! )
Back on topic, I still haven't found a real good all in one VPN app, which also mounts my NAS as an SD card, or any external medium.
gangsterjoop said:
You forgot about Moore's Law.
Which states that the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years. (Thank you wikipedia )
This basically means that storage capacity doubles without becoming more expensive or bigger. Considering the fact that my Galaxy S II has 16 gb ( and 32 gb is possible ) of internal storage and another 32 gb of sd storage. Storage capacity will be 256 gb in 4 years. Of which 128 gb is really fast, for OS, and 128 gb is considerably fast, file storage.
When looking at the bigger picture other problems will be solved too. Because most of the specs will quadruple you are able to use photoshop and such.
And thereby the cloud computing will have evolved tremendously too in four years, rendering all the storage capacity useless.
So by the time we'll see docks as a standard, other problems will be solved too. Unless software requirements are raised too, but that seems unlikely, since my old 1.5 ghz 1 gb ddr 2 RAM laptop runs windows 7 fluidly. ( except for aero, damn you intel! )
Back on topic, I still haven't found a real good all in one VPN app, which also mounts my NAS as an SD card, or any external medium.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I know my next science project, a wireless keyboard made specifically for droid
As for output it would need to record its own screen (which I have no idea how to do) and output it to a wireless device such as a laptop or maybe a google tv with android......
does it sound within the depths of realism?
gangsterjoop said:
You forgot about Moore's Law.
Which states that the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years. (Thank you wikipedia )
This basically means that storage capacity doubles without becoming more expensive or bigger. Considering the fact that my Galaxy S II has 16 gb ( and 32 gb is possible ) of internal storage and another 32 gb of sd storage. Storage capacity will be 256 gb in 4 years. Of which 128 gb is really fast, for OS, and 128 gb is considerably fast, file storage.
When looking at the bigger picture other problems will be solved too. Because most of the specs will quadruple you are able to use photoshop and such.
And thereby the cloud computing will have evolved tremendously too in four years, rendering all the storage capacity useless.
So by the time we'll see docks as a standard, other problems will be solved too. Unless software requirements are raised too, but that seems unlikely, since my old 1.5 ghz 1 gb ddr 2 RAM laptop runs windows 7 fluidly. ( except for aero, damn you intel! )
Back on topic, I still haven't found a real good all in one VPN app, which also mounts my NAS as an SD card, or any external medium.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
32GB is nothing much compared to TB harddisks available on the computer. Cloud storage is good, but if you want real performance the file being edited should still be in your local drive.
jolined said:
It would be great if you could dock your phone, have the screen project onto a wall, and have a wireless keyboard that synced...you'd basically have your computer..minus the hard drive space and all
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Great idea. Later on Mobile phone is just like small computer but just need external device e.g monitor,keyboard,mouse etc.
Seems cpu,ram,storage technology is growing fast.
See macbook air is very thin.may be in the future we just carry thin tablet and can be integrated with our phone.
Sent from my HTC Desire Z using XDA App
theo80 said:
32GB is nothing much compared to TB harddisks available on the computer. Cloud storage is good, but if you want real performance the file being edited should still be in your local drive.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
An even broader perspective, just for you.
In four years entire Europe will have an LTE network, so cloud storage up and down speeds shouldn't be too much of a problem. And besides, 32 gb is enough for caching all the stuff you're working on.
when i move, i use smartphone, when i'm home, i use computer
Most computers can run multiple operating systems. Most phones cannot.
And then there's the issue of battery life, where innovation crawls at the speed of a snail on tranquilizers.
rogier666 said:
Most computers can run multiple operating systems. Most phones cannot.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
There is no inherent design characteristic preventing that, it's all about hardware drivers. If the hardware makers release documentation, then drivers can be written. But the problem is, especially in the embedded world, closed hardware is the norm.
On the other hand, Nvidia has released Meego compatible tegra2 drivers that, while closed, allow installing Meego on tegra2-based Android tablets, for example.
You can build your own computer. You cant build your own phone but I wish one day we can do this
Also games but that's due to power of the device and accessibility and screen size all of which were mentioned
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I897 using XDA App
rogier666 said:
Most computers can run multiple operating systems. Most phones cannot.
And then there's the issue of battery life, where innovation crawls at the speed of a snail on tranquilizers.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Any one else notice this?
Battery-life as stayed the same for years.....Just enough for people to be satisfied......but maybe that is just me since i have only use the one provided by the Cellphone provider.....
maybe there are high capacity batteries that aren't being incorporated here?
Gusar321 said:
There is no inherent design characteristic preventing that, it's all about hardware drivers. If the hardware makers release documentation, then drivers can be written. But the problem is, especially in the embedded world, closed hardware is the norm.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
For the end user (that means almost everybody) it doesn't make any difference whether the limitation is due to hardware or software.
rogier666 said:
For the end user (that means almost everybody) it doesn't make any difference whether the limitation is due to hardware or software.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
True, but we're talking here about differences between PCs and phones. The ability to run multiple OSes isn't one. Because when you have the drivers, phones can run multiple OSes. People porting Android to Windows Mobile 6 phones, as an example.
The result of porting a mobile OS is nowhere near the result of porting a desktop OS.
If you install Linux on a PC designed for Windows it will usually work without any trouble. If you port a mobile OS you downgrade your smartphone to a toy.
Availability of drivers required for porting is a major difference between phones and computers. That's why ported mobile OSs rarely work as they should. There are always missing features, reduced performance, and broken functions.
That's not a hardware limitation, but that doesn't matter. What matters is the result. As long as ported mobile OSs are not suitable for real life use phones are not able to do everything that computers can do.

How many times can you flash?

I dabble in microprocssors such as AVRs and such and they have a flash life of around 40,000 flashes before they are dead.
I was wondering what the "Flash Life" of tablets are. Will there be a time when they will finally burn out?
Now 40,000 flashes are more than anyone would be able to flash this device in a reasonable tablet lifetime before it is obsolete. Just wondering what the number would be.
Since all flash is in the eMMC, firmware flashes count as normal writes. The eMMC is using MLC or even TLC, so we are talking about a few 1000 writes for each cell, distributed over the full capacity by the eMMC's FTL for wear leveling. So let's say 64 GB * 1000 = 64 TB total writes, but this has to be divided by the write amplification factor. It's a bit hard to estimate write amplification due to the primitive controller and FTL - it could even be up to 1000 in the worst case of all random 4 kB writes (each would need to rewrite a full erase block). More realistic may be a factor of 5 to 20 - so let's guess 64 TB / 10 = about 6 TB written in total.
Fascinating question:
Only thing I see are claims from Hynix (formerly Hyundai) that their recent SSD and NAND memory has up to 2,000,000 hours MTBF.
Don't see how this claim would hold water in a real sense....just a calculated guess on the manufacturers part.
Hard to tell when write failure will occur at the lower voltage levels used for eMMC's.
I'd think 40 to 60,000 hours would be more in line.
Thanks _that.
I should be able to burn this thing out in a month or so. LOL J/K.
When flashing does the eMMC get totally erased before writing or are just the addresses used in the code written to the chip? This would determine the life of the chip as a total erase would shorten the life. Am I correct in assuming this or is my understanding all wrong?
Is there a data sheet available for the eMMC used in these devices or is it an ASUS trade secret?
Thats OK, are you talking about actual hours flashing or just the run time of the chip?
Dee Envy said:
Thanks _that.
I should be able to burn this thing out in a month or so. LOL J/K.
When flashing does the eMMC get totally erased before writing or are just the addresses used in the code written to the chip? This would determine the life of the chip as a total erase would shorten the life. Am I correct in assuming this or is my understanding all wrong?
Is there a data sheet available for the eMMC used in these devices or is it an ASUS trade secret?
Thats OK, are you talking about actual hours flashing or just the run time of the chip?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ah I was looking at time before failure on Hynix eNAND.
That 2 million hours seemed a bit way out.
Just searching around for a data sheet on the Hynix M26M64002BNR is turning into a dead end.
Everything goes to an HY27 number looks like the chip has been replaced from the maker.
I was hoping I could find actual read\write white paper for the chip.
Dee Envy said:
When flashing does the eMMC get totally erased before writing or are just the addresses used in the code written to the chip?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Flash memory has 3 operations: erase, write, read.
Magnetic storage has only 2: (over)write, read.
So, to overwrite something in flash memory, an erase operation is always necessary. And this operation has a granularity in the megabyte range - that's why random 4k writes are so slow.
If you want to know how flash cards work, read this:
https://wiki.linaro.org/WorkingGroups/KernelArchived/Projects/FlashCardSurvey
Thanks for the link, _that.
There's some good reading there.:good:

Innovation on Storage in Mobiles - IDEA

Hello Everyone,
In present times, if a company does not "innovate" or CREATE then its done for them..
But innovation has taken on to mobiles like anything.
You have OSes, you have hardwares the might of a mini-supercomputer wrapped into the mobile phones, and you have accessories to take that to the next level as well.
Above all if something lacks then it might be compensated by an application to some extent.
But of late these mobile manufacturers have started making fun of the very consumer who buys it from them and gives them business.
Cost competitiveness is the forte for a mobile phone company, but I simply do not understand why this ridiculous 16gb and 64gb variants for specifically the versions WITHOUT AN EXPANDABLE STORAGE..
FRUSTRATING AND @@[email protected][email protected]$$ what not...
YES this thread is about the LIMITED STORAGE ISSUE, you guessed it right..
Well you now have companies offering accessories which can personalize your device with NFC, extended battery, Music centric features, slider keyboards and stuff like what next.. in the back panels/ back covers.....
I have a innovative idea myself, well they dont call me the strategist just like that.....
What if an accessory was to extend the storage of your device....
like make a 16gb non external sd storage device get extra from a back cover or plate.....
If something can be possible, then this would be awesome because we people who need that extra storage wont have to clammer for a OTG or Pendrives.....
Pls some BACK Cover for this purpose to extend the storage so that we dont have to fiddle with an OTG option which is an extra and this will also be like fixed/ permanent with the mobile ...
let me know your thoughts on this people....
Warm Regards,
I have a cool idea, what if we could have an access port on each phone that could accept the cards of your choice.
Like first you buy the hardware (phone) then you can have your choice of cards that the memory for the entire phone would use, the only internal memory installed on the phone would be what was needed to hold the rom, the card would have two seperate modules, one for the ram, the the second for the storage.
As far as making it universal to all phones manufacturers would set forth a common socket to be used (much like a crazy microsd slot)
This would make manufacturing the hardware alot cheaper and add more customization at the consumer level
So the card would come with say a standard 2gb ram/14gb storage and as you go you could have say 16gb ram/16gb storage,
Design could be based on the current class 10 microsd only with it having 2 different module set and having direct access from the cpu via a memory manager.
O and when we switch phones all our information would go with us because we could put it in our new phone and our phones numbers, apps, (granted will need reinstalling,) txts, pics, ect
Sewrizer said:
16 GB ram is impossie due to other hardware limitations. Internal memory must be embedded to the motherboard to prevent disconnection and to maximize speed, because you will have your system in there, after all.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ram dose not haft to be hard wired to the board, look at pcs with expandable memory. My point is you would have 2 physical cards in one with access point for both witch will be controlled by a memory manager that is directly connected to the cpu. We are on the move to ddr4 witch means memory will hit the 22nm scale so packing 16, 32, 64, ir even 128gb would be no problem. Also with high transfer rates of ddr4 module lag between card, manager, and cpu would all be dependent on the set bus speed for the cpu and throughput of the manager
Edit
Yes physical hardware problems right now. I mean in the next batch of phones. This is mainly just for r&d and it is possible. Ya know 10 years ago 4gb of ram was unheard of in any pc, now we have it in a phone

Lifespan of internal memory in Android devices

I'm trying to figure out how damaging repeatedly formatting and flashing a phone can be. I've managed to figure out that solid state drives have a limited number of "write cycles" before failing, but I'm unsure if the internal SD in Android devices is generally considered an SSD, I know some phones use eMMC which is different.
I'm also unsure if formatting and then flashing would be considered one full write cycle, more than, or less than one full write cycle. Doesn't "write cycle" mean filling every block on the SSD?
I was hoping someone with more knowledge in this could at least point me in the right direction. I'm just trying to figure out (roughly) how much you could format/flash a phone before it would start to read/write slower or produce errors.
Thanks for taking the time to read, and for any help you can offer!
Just did a quick search, and came across this:
http://www.howtogeek.com/196541/emmc-vs.-ssd-not-all-solid-state-storage-is-equal/
"eMMC is typically a type of storage found in portable electronic devices like cell phones and digital cameras. With a push toward super-cheap $99 tablets and $199 laptops that need solid-state storage and not mechanical drives, cheap tablets and laptops are also being built with eMMC drives."
Thanks for the link! I was looking at that, some good info! It sounds like non-eMMC storage in a phone would be considered an SSD, from what they said.
What I'm really curious about is how a format/flash relates to a write cycle, how many cycles it would use up, etc.

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