We're in the dawn of mobile revolution; I appreciate the effort of Devs for fixing, tweaking, modding just for us to enjoy this phone... however, i have some queries and points about this dual core trend lately?
first is Android itself; i read somewhere that 2.3.4 does have true multi-core support..
quoted from one of the Devs over S2's board
In Androids before 2.3.4 there is no "Real" multicore support. just a sort of SMP "hack". They simply restrict all threads of a process to one core. This is, in some situations, faster in singlecore applications than the real thing. But it requires more power and multicore applications can't profit. In Android 2.3.4 and later, there is a part from Honeycomb in it. True Multicore support.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did a little more reading, and although Gingerbread 2.3.x is not truly dual core optimized like Honeycomb or the new 2.3.4 , multithreaded programs will still make use of the 2nd core for functions such as garbage collection, background syncing, preloading pages, etc...
Can Devs here shed us some light about this matter?
Based from infos that i gathered here and in S2's board; i think HTC's approach is more efficient (where second core kicks in when the first core is loaded) than that of Samsung (Full time Dual Core)... Why would devs is forcing the second core making it always alive? I mean, Android does run butter smooth with 1ghz single core processor (Xperia Arc and Incridble S for example), so making both cores always on will only have greater battery drain without significant boost in performance?
Instead of turning both cores on, why not just improve HTC's efficient approach?
making second core breath when 75%load of the first core is reach for example or optimize the governor of the second core when assisting the first core?
Please enlighten me...
I agree with you on that this phone is very fast with just the way it is I don't even overclock no need to or nor will I change my stock kernal . I'm good with just letting it do its thing and enjoy my insane battery life and speed on the roms these devs are designing some great work on this board
Q&A section.......
nccu_eagles said:
Q&A section.......
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
+1.........seriously its like they do it on purpose :-\
Sent from my HTC Sensation Z710e using xda premium
Sorry guys... i tried to put some post important points before in Q/A but it seems it was ignored... Mods can transfer this anyways...
Now, most of Devs are diving to this Dual Core thingy...
I salute you guys for making all of this for us but its better if you can share some thoughts about my queries here... itll be a benifit to us users if we know what we are doin and what we get with our device...
Dont get me wrong guys, im no expert thats why im asking all of this...
Madness? This.. is... dual.. core!
On a serious note, i don't think there's anything wrong with people experimenting with trying to get both cpu's to work together. However for a lot of people i get the feeling that it's all about benchmarks. That's all i ever seem to read about these days. Who cares about benchmarks really? They're not important, only real world performance is king imo.
LOL... ala 300?....
Thats my point... its all good if both SW and HW runs hand-onhand...
The phone does seem alot snappier with the second core enabled.
jaytana said:
Instead of turning both cores on, why not just improve HTC's efficient approach?
making second core breath when 75%load of the first core is reach for example or optimize the governor of the second core when assisting the first core?
Please enlighten me...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That part only came about because they're trying to get both cores overclocked and get the governors to stick. The devs are trying to figure out aSMP architecture, and it's going to take a bit.
Sent from my HTC Sensation 4G using XDA App
jaytana said:
Instead of turning both cores on, why not just improve HTC's efficient approach?
making second core breath when 75%load of the first core is reach for example or optimize the governor of the second core when assisting the first core?
Please enlighten me...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
chef of insertcoin baadnewz, i think is already on it. as someone of the forum suggest that is it much better to enhance HTC stock kernel rather than both cpu are active, i tested it and the heat is much faster. also, i think there is a reason to this kernel issue that is why they haven't release a OTA 2.3.4 or 2.3.5 for asia yet IMO.
good to hear that... There's nothing wrong of turning both CPU on as long as its well optimize and efficient (S2 for example with its SMP; im on 30hrs mark with my moderate to heavy usage)... i understand we still have less progress on 2.3.4 build because its still new... MORE POWER to the DEVS..
Related
hey guys,
I saw winmo devs OCing this same Magic's CPU up to 800Mhz with great performance boost.
any one could reach same with android OS so far?
URL: http://wmpoweruser.com/?p=7461
thnx!
first off, the touch pro 2 isn't a magic. at all.
second of all, this is completely wrong forum. please read rules.
third, it probably never will happen. someone did it a while back and there was a huge debate about whether it worked or not and it was finally confirmed that it didn't work.
I can't find the word magic anywhere in there!!! Damnitt!!
so it leads to this question,
How did you come to the assumption that you could OC the magic when nothing about the magic is there?
The cpu is the same on the magic...
Deviser said:
The cpu is the same on the magic...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
yup thats why I've asked...thanks!
Code:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=630450
Rugga said:
Code:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=630450
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's a shame that project died. I really believe that it's possible if the right person would try cause it already worked on a lot of phones. I used to clock my Omnia at 800Mhz which gave it a great boost and there was no real battery drain. They've also managed to clock the N900 cpu at 1Ghz:
http://talk.maemo.org/showthread.php?t=39753
renegadEEE said:
It's a shame that project died. I really believe that it's possible if the right person would try cause it already worked on a lot of phones. I used to clock my Omnia at 800Mhz which gave it a great boost and there was no real battery drain. They've also managed to clock the N900 cpu at 1Ghz:
http://talk.maemo.org/showthread.php?t=39753
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
indeed sad :/ could give us nexus cpu power on magic if some one could work this out....
rommark said:
indeed sad :/ could give us nexus cpu power on magic if some one could work this out....
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No, it wouldn't. You're buying into the megahertz myth. The magic has a ARM11 (ARMv6) chip, whereas the N1 has a Cortex (ARMv7). It's more like a P3 against a P4 - the clockspeeds may match, but the performance is still going to be off. Not to mentium ARMv7 has a bunch of new instructions (NEON), that are not present on the v6. And the GPU still wouldn't support OpenGL ES 2.0. It may speed things up sure, but it wouldn't really matter.
sadly it's not the cpu preventing me from overclocking it! it's the software in the phone, the pll's are defined in the spl and it would take i SIGNIFICANT skill of hexing and backporting to do something about them! and by the way it would almost certainly brick the phone! i'm sorry guys the only thing i ever was able to play a litlle with was some parameters giving a little better gpu performance, but it's unstable
I have to ask: Why does everyone want a dual core phone which cant even currently be used?
I say it cant be used because dual core processors cant be used on Android 2.3 Gingerbread/Linux kernel 2.6.35, there is only multi-core processor support in A3H/L2.6.36 (only avaliable (officially) on tablets). We will see problably support in in "A4I"/"L3.6.37" for both phones and tablets.
So whats everyones obsession? The only thing you are problably gaining is a SLIGHT speed boost (not even close when a kernal that supports it is released) and more battery drain.
On a counterside this could bring good marketing to Google: They release "A4I", current dual core phones get a HUGE speed boost and everyone praises Google. Could work good for them.
Interesting, I never knew Gingerbread couldn't support dual cores on phones. Good info, I guess I'll keep my Evo for another year.
It's pretty easy to compile the kernel to use multi core processors. The current one may not, but hold your judgement until it's actually released.
crazy25000 said:
It's pretty easy to compile the kernel to use multi core processors. The current one may not, but hold your judgement until it's actually released.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
So true............. Currently 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001% of users AND developers of applications can and are willing to complie a custom kernel not used by the rest and use/make multi core supported applications with its multi core supported kernel.
I guess progress has to begin somewhere?
i don't think i'll ever need / want a dual core phone for my daily rutine, my SGS is perfect for me, what more could you need from a phone? don't think they'll be able to fit jet packs on them any time soon...
riahc3 said:
So true............. Currently 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001% of users AND developers of applications can and are willing to complie a custom kernel not used by the rest and use/make multi core supported applications with its multi core supported kernel.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What I'm saying is the kernel can easily be compiled by Google or Samsung and used as the stock kernel on the GSII.
maranello69 said:
i don't think i'll ever need / want a dual core phone for my daily rutine, my SGS is perfect for me, what more could you need from a phone? don't think they'll be able to fit jet packs on them any time soon...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah its logical to think like that but 3 years ago who thought you need phone with such big screen and processor/RAM almost match PC speed?
As someone said somewhere they have to start but interesting thought by thread creator
ksavai said:
Yeah its logical to think like that but 3 years ago who thought you need phone with such big screen and processor/RAM almost match PC speed?
As someone said somewhere they have to start but interesting thought by thread creator
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Honestly those arent needs either. But as of right now the only purpose of a dual core phone is to brag.
Having a bad experience with SGS i9000 til now: (using cfw 2.3.4 with custom kernel - oced to 1200hz - ext4)
- Random lags
- Random crash/restart/freeze
- Slow task-switch
Does dual cores mobilephone like SGS 2, Optimus 3D, HTC sensation or Atrix actually will perform better (i bet so) than my current SGS?
Does Android OS and apps already optimized to use both cores?
i don't know if the apps or optimized yet, but i have noticed a little more "pep" in my daily use from my photon 4g compared to my Evo, even when i had it overclocked things weren't this smooth, so from a performance stand point, it's way better then most single cores, but then it's a whole new ball game when your dealing with dual core (tegra 2 vs snapdragon/qualcomm)
I can't say I really noticed much difference going from a SGS to Atrix, but it wouldn't surprise me at all if motoblur was playing apart in that.
Hmm... I tested SGS II the other day... it somehow much smoother than my current SGS with SGS II mod in it.
Strange, both phones clocked in 1.2ghz but SGS II is dual cores.
Didn't know that would affect the performance that much.
Switching transition from browser to games (restarted though...) to other apps seems flawless.
Anyone tried to compare a Desire with Sense 3.0 ROM with the Sensation? with 3D rosie - with weather live wallpaper and all other fancy stuffs turned on?
I am thinking of getting a dual core device but I am also not sure of the difference with the single core in real world, so I hope my question can help clarify me that.
shintorrent said:
Having a bad experience with SGS i9000 til now: (using cfw 2.3.4 with custom kernel - oced to 1200hz - ext4)
- Random lags
- Random crash/restart/freeze
- Slow task-switch
Does dual cores mobilephone like SGS 2, Optimus 3D, HTC sensation or Atrix actually will perform better (i bet so) than my current SGS?
Does Android OS and apps already optimized to use both cores?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes,dual core processors are better than single core processors.
They provide better threading (which guarantees no lags and better process switching as each core can handle a certain process) and less power consumption (believe it or not,but they do).
The random restarts could be due to the kernel,the ROM or the fact that u are overclocking.
And it's got nothing to do with the apps,it's the kernel.
U see,the kernel is the link between the hardware and the firmware,so apps don't need to be optimized.
The manufacturers adjust the kernel and add some scripts to help handle the processes.
Clue,same apks that run on single core phones run on dual core phones.
Dual cores are significantly better. Yes, they do offer better threading, and less power consumption, but the thing you are missing is having a dual core processor running at 1.2 ghz is the equivalent of a single core processor running at 2.4 ghz, plus better task handling.All tasks will be smoother, and more multitasking features will be allowed.
This does not necessarily mean you will have no lags, sorry, but the experience will be better.
Based on everyone opinions... I can conclude Dual Processors are better for multi-tasking and better threading.
shintorrent said:
Based on everyone opinions... I can conclude Dual Processors are better for multi-tasking and better threading.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Agree
By the way,it isn't correct that a dual core 1.2 is better than a single 2.4
You don't just put on 2x speed!!!
A single 1.5 is faster when it comes to operation response time than a dual 1.2, but a dual 1.2 is better to handle several linked or independent tasks running at the same time.
Sent from my Huawei_8100-9 using XDA App
The answer is pretty obvious, but to be honest high clock single core processors are more than enough for daily tasks.
I have been using my OCed G2, with no problems. It does everything I can throw at it, no problem. IMO, they have created too good of a product.
Same goes for computers. Hardware is becoming increasingly powerful, while still doing the same tasks.
gtmaster303 said:
The answer is pretty obvious, but to be honest high clock single core processors are more than enough for daily tasks.
I have been using my OCed G2, with no problems. It does everything I can throw at it, no problem. IMO, they have created too good of a product.
Same goes for computers. Hardware is becoming increasingly powerful, while still doing the same tasks.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Of course you can do everything with a single core processor,but these are the actual differences between single and dual:
1-better threading which provides better multitasking operations.
2-less power consumption which means more time on the battery.
3-ability to overclock each core at a time provides you with both outrageous speed and better multitasking.
4-overclocking dual core processors is better than single cuz of the buffer space being bigger.
Sent from my Huawei_8100-9 using XDA App
Hi,
i recently return my samsung (4th time) galaxy s2 becouse of various defects , i been looking at the sensation however i have a few questions , firstly for all its issues i like how fast and responsive the galaxay was however when i tryed the sensation i noticed its not as smooth as the galaxy or that much smoother then the desire hd.
One possible reason for this i noticed was that the sensation uses a asmp cpu , which seems a bit cheeky to me. I mean im buying a dual core phone so i would like both cores to work at the same time as opposed to one working then the second kicking in when the first is loaded. From what ive read ics should have better support for this setup , so i was curious does anyone think we will see that much of a difference bearing in mind the sensation is asmp.
I notice there`s a lot of talented devs from the desire development and hd which is encouraging so i was hoping to learn from various users how much of a performance increase there seeing in custom roms ie is the browser jerky like stock ??
Appreciate any / all feedback thank you
I'm interested in some more more info on this topic as well.....
Sent from my Sensation using xda premium
Read up!
ok so aSMP doesn't really work in the method of core 0 gets loaded then core 1 kicks in, thats way off.
basically SMP cpus like Tegra and Samsung's both cores run at the same speed, so core 1 follows core 0. This doesn't mean that core 1 is actually processing anything. In most cases due to gingerbread the phone is still mainly running on one core unless the app supports multicore.
aSMP allows the cores to run completely independent. This is great for battery life. Core 0 can do things like play games and stuff at full speed while core 1 handles background data.
so playing angry birds while syncing photos on flickr:
core 0 could be running at full 1.5Ghz
core 1 could be running at 500Mhz just do handle the syncing
This is basically the idea. We will get better support with ICS for full and proper support for multiple cores and the kernels will only get better as devs learn.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1233103
Hi,
Thank you for you detailed reply ive been following the thread you posted which is what led me to posting question here , i obviously misunderstood what was being said. That being said im no expert but if i buy a dual core phone id rather have both cores committed to one task like pc ... this is one of the things thats making me hold back on sensation. Althougth its a great phone with great ui and fantastic potential with future updates and dev support to the touch at present the galaxy s2 just seems smoother with the way its doing thing.
As i say thou im not expert i can appreciate theres other factor to take into account such as kernal etc, im just going with hands on usage and trying to evaluate the future potential for both devices before making a decision to which i should choose
tonnytech said:
Hi,
Thank you for you detailed reply ive been following the thread you posted which is what led me to posting question here , i obviously misunderstood what was being said. That being said im no expert but if i buy a dual core phone id rather have both cores committed to one task like pc ... this is one of the things thats making me hold back on sensation. Althougth its a great phone with great ui and fantastic potential with future updates and dev support to the touch at present the galaxy s2 just seems smoother with the way its doing thing.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The sensation's CPU works in a much more power efficient way, while still offering the speed of any other dual core CPU. It allows different clock speeds for different cores so applications using only a single core will be able to clock it differently to those using the other in the background. Computers, especially laptops work in a similar way, as there is a need for power efficiency. Realistically the Galaxy SII runs smoother due to it running a much less resource hungry skin on top of android, but both the CPU of the sensation and the Galaxy SII are both of a similar calibre, so it is very difficult to say which is better.
again thanks for the reply , defintly understand how this asmp buisness works more now which has given me some stuff to think about
tonnytech said:
Hi,
Thank you for you detailed reply ive been following the thread you posted which is what led me to posting question here , i obviously misunderstood what was being said. That being said im no expert but if i buy a dual core phone id rather have both cores committed to one task like pc ... this is one of the things thats making me hold back on sensation. Althougth its a great phone with great ui and fantastic potential with future updates and dev support to the touch at present the galaxy s2 just seems smoother with the way its doing thing.
As i say thou im not expert i can appreciate theres other factor to take into account such as kernal etc, im just going with hands on usage and trying to evaluate the future potential for both devices before making a decision to which i should choose
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Neither architecture, SMP or aSMP, will commit both cores to one task unless the app is multithreaded and it currently needs the use of both cores. This is the same way that multicore pc's operate. That's why when quad core CPU's first came out people said that they didn't feel any faster than comparable dual core chips - most existing apps at that time were written for single or dual threaded use so the third and fourth cores largely sat unused. The pc doesn't just force the use of the extra cores just because they are there (regardless of how they scale, aSMP or SMP).
Sent from my HTC Sensation Z710e using xda premium
Also the new firmware has made it smoother due to extra optimisations. Web browser is not as good as the galaxy S 2 due that being GPU accelerated. Power wise the Sensation you will get somewhat more out of your battery life wise.
hardensm said:
Realistically the Galaxy SII runs smoother due to it running a much less resource hungry skin on top of android, but both the CPU of the sensation and the Galaxy SII are both of a similar calibre, so it is very difficult to say which is better.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you look at my thread and see the post:
MSM8x60:
Adreno 220 GPU
2x Cortex A8 Based Cores
512KB L2 Cache
45nm
upto 333Mhz LPDDR2
Exynos 4210:
Mali 400 GPU
2x Cortex A9 Based Cores
1MB L2 Cache
45nm
support for LPDDR2/DDR3
Tegra 2:
ULP Geforce GPU
2x Cortex A9 Based Cores
1MB L2 Cache
40nm
support for 600Mhz LPDDR2
So the biggest thing is is that the Exynos is based on a new core micro-arch then the Snapdragon 2, also it has the ability to support DDR3 memory. To go into more detail about ARM Cortex.
Items that A8 and A9 have in common:
Jazelle RCT for JIT Compilation
Neon SIMD Instruction Set (Optional)
Thumb2 Instruction set
VFPv3 Floating Point Unit (Optional)
Cortex A8:
Superscalar Dual-Issue Micro-Arch
2.0 DMIPS/Mhz
Cortex A9:
Out-Of-Order Superscalar Micro-Arch
2.5 DMIPS/Mhz
Jazelle DBX for Java Execution
Dual-Core Processing Built In
The SGSII has a new generation architecture as so does the Tegra
This thread is iteresting. I want to continue that.
my cpu0 and cpu1 arrive at 1,7 ghz. so cpu1 doesnt arrive up to 500 mhz
Howdy everyone,
i happened to come across an app on the market called CPU Gauge and this demonstrates to you exactly what each core on your phone is doing at all times, even in your notification bar at all times. Now i have noticed no matter what i do there only ever seems to be 1 core running which is pretty pants i reckon. how can i enable it to run dual cores all of the time? i dont understand it personally, why have a dual channel architecture if its hardly ever used? and surely it having to decide whether to use one core over two and to send data down both channels or just the one is probably a reason why we get lag? i am probably completely wrong but id rather the cpus always be on and drain battery if it improves overall performance
androidfanboi said:
Howdy everyone,
i happened to come across an app on the market called CPU Gauge and this demonstrates to you exactly what each core on your phone is doing at all times, even in your notification bar at all times. Now i have noticed no matter what i do there only ever seems to be 1 core running which is pretty pants i reckon. how can i enable it to run dual cores all of the time? i dont understand it personally, why have a dual channel architecture if its hardly ever used? and surely it having to decide whether to use one core over two and to send data down both channels or just the one is probably a reason why we get lag? i am probably completely wrong but id rather the cpus always be on and drain battery if it improves overall performance
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Though a mod will move this thread please post questions in the general section this is for development purposes only..
But if what you say is true i will have to look into this. What rom are you currently running?
Just a rooted/overclocked LG stock gingerbread rom.
For me it shows 2 Cores working ,but second is ON only when needed (as it should be) So its OK. Lags are because of poor ram managment on LG software, I recommend Rushdroid ROM.
What I know, Android 2.3 and below does not provide a support for multi cores. However, ICS does support it. So, I think the phone will run much better when the ICS update comes.
abo_mara7 said:
What I know, Android 2.3 and below does not provide a support for multi cores. However, ICS does support it. So, I think the phone will run much better when the ICS update comes.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
nope. thasts only an urban legend But it can improve performance at some points, but I would be rather sceptic. Custom roms must be always better (what they are doing making software, making it slower on purpose? go Samsung way and hire cm team members)
In games it uses both cores but im dissapointed that when testing swapping between different apps and web browsing seemed to all be using just the one core, and that was with lags inbetween swapping from for instance gallery to browser. I love this phone great specs but it annoys me more and more to think LG really did have no clue when it came down to putting it all into action. is there any way to have 2 cores on at all times or atleast change the values that decide when to use second core/channel.
If anything it makes for an interesting discussion
IFLPI said:
nope. thasts only an urban legend But it can improve performance at some points, but I would be rather sceptic. Custom roms must be always better (what they are doing making software, making it slower on purpose? go Samsung way and hire cm team members)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It has a partial support, not 100%, and the proof is that all dual core phones which received ICD update, got a huge improvement in the performance, as their users said.
androidfanboi said:
In games it uses both cores but im dissapointed that when testing swapping between different apps and web browsing seemed to all be using just the one core, and that was with lags inbetween swapping from for instance gallery to browser. I love this phone great specs but it annoys me more and more to think LG really did have no clue when it came down to putting it all into action. is there any way to have 2 cores on at all times or atleast change the values that decide when to use second core/channel.
If anything it makes for an interesting discussion
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The processor works as it should be, all cores when needed. Check System Panel app. Ram is the issue here. On stock it will be always laggy. On rushdroid and samba there is good ram management. Almost 250mb for the user. On stock i doubt if there is 130mb free available.
@up: there is no evidence that GB supports 1 core only and ICS multiple cores. A better performance on ICS can be due to the bigger optimizations, and hw support (that can be buggy) like gpu enabled scrolling etc.
But Ive heard that ics supports fully multicores, and that is an urban legend for me (no evidence) Ics can be just more optimized than gingerbread (and more like honeycomb which was quite fast)
IFLPI said:
The processor works as it should be, all cores when needed. Check System Panel app. Ram is the issue here. On stock it will be always laggy. On rushdroid and samba there is good ram management. Almost 250mb for the user. On stock i doubt if there is 130mb free available.
@up: there is no evidence that GB supports 1 core only and ICS multiple cores. A better performance on ICS can be due to the bigger optimizations, and hw support (that can be buggy) like gpu enabled scrolling etc.
But Ive heard that ics supports fully multicores, and that is an urban legend for me (no evidence) Ics can be just more optimized than gingerbread (and more like honeycomb which was quite fast)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
you are correct cores are working as they should be not a problem here at... Gingerbread supports multicore and does use the cpu to the max when needed, you don't need to run both your cores all the time if that was the case you would need to charge your phone every 3 hours....
The issue with our optimus 3d is it needs ram tweaks to keep it smooth, 512mb ram is good i am not complaining because it's dual channel and so on so the ram speed is amazing just to free up ram we have tweaks...
Also the cpu is used to the max when needed, when you make a call you do not need both cores working at the same time that would be pointless. But when you play games, browse the net and bench your device all cores are used at the same time...
if you want to try it (see the difference) with both cores enabled ,(and cpu speed at max) try system tuner app , in cpu setting put governor to "performance" the first core will go to max speed , then go to active tweak and there is an option to force all cpu on , try it , it will be hard for the battery... when you put governor back to hotplug , the second core will return on demand (on/off) . if you want to do it again after you have to redo all step and turn the force all cpu on off and on again...
i'm on v21D on rushdroid 3.6.3. Both cores show up as working. 1 core ususally hits 1.4ghz and 2nd one upto 1ghz during regular processing. Great app btw tnx for letting us know
Which kernel you use on rushdroid @1,4ghz?
IFLPI said:
Which kernel you use on rushdroid @1,4ghz?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Titan kernal v21d
Sent from my LG-P920h using XDA
Its not neccessary to use dual core all the times ,using dual core for small task degrade the performance that increasing. Since our phone have dual memory the cache plays an important role in deciding which core should be used.