[ADB/FB/APX Driver] Universal Naked Driver 0.72 - HTC Sensation

Universal Naked Driver 0.72
** Google Nexus 4 Added
** Google Nexus 10 Added
** Google Nexus Q Added
** Google Nexus S Added
32 & 64 Bit Windows 8 / 7 / Vista / XP - Attached to this post!
MD5: 30D25BC073F010CA01178CD6E2C5E4FA
I am happy to release my Universal Naked Driver. This is to allow ADB, Fastboot & APX interfaces to work without installing any package much less multiples packages for users with multiple devices. Yes you can just install them and uninstall right away but why bother?
I was annoyed that I couldnt use my Transformer Prime and Galaxy Nexus without having versions and packages trip over each other. My previous post for the Sensation & Galaxy Nexus was helpful so I thought I would bring to XDA the newest Android driver available from source (which they call 4.0) and make it start talking.
Warning: Uninstall any previous driver package's you may have installed and also manually remove drivers by attaching your phone and going to Windows device manager and right click the entry for your phone and select "Uninstall" on the next prompt make sure to select "Delete the driver software for this device" then hit OK and reboot before installing these drivers
Code:
Google Nexus Devices ADB & Fastboot
Samsung Devices ADB & Fastboot
Asus Devices ADB, Fastboot & APX
HTC Devices ADB & Fastboot
Code:
[B]Windows 8 Instructions[/B]
How to Disable Driver Signature Enforcement in Windows 8:
From the Metro Start Screen, open Settings (move your mouse to the bottom-right-corner of the screen and wait for the pop-out bar to appear, then click the Gear icon).
Click ‘More PC Settings’.
Click ‘General’.
Scroll down, and click ‘Restart now’ under ‘Advanced startup’.
Wait a bit.
Click ‘Troubleshoot’.
Click ‘Advanced Options’
Click ‘Windows Startup Settings’
Click Restart.
Enjoy!

Thanks......
Sent from my HTC Sensation Z710e using XDA App

Great idea.
I went ahead and did the same for Win7 x86:

1wayjonny said:
Hello,
I just thought it would be easier to post this HTC naked driver so you do not have to install any HTC software. Just grabbed it from the installer and repacked it for your convenience.
I only did 64 bit for now
HTC Driver 3.0.0.007.rar
Enjoy!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This is ¡much bueno! You have been "THANKS"-ed accordingly.

You are welcome, I hate installing stuff I don't need.

You can achieve the same by just canceling out of htc sync installation after the driver installs as well.

Hi, the link for 64 bit driver is broken. Could someone upload it again.
Thanks
Sent from my HTC Sensation Z710e using XDA App

it aint broke but here u go another link
http://uploaded.to/file/bmu6shcd

Added it to first post, thanks

just out of interest where do these drivers go ?

You would extract the drivers first to any temp folder, once phone is plugged in you system will look for drivers and when it cant find them you would point it to your temp folder.
When that happens it will copy the files it needs from the temp folder to windows drivers, after this process the temp folder is no longer needed.
Hope this helps.

why are they in .rar format? arent they supposed to be a .zip file?

You could just download this driver from the HTC Developers website (http://developer.htc.com)
It includes the driver for nearly all Windows OS
Go to the webpage, then scroll right to the bottom. Its labelled 'HTC Android USB Driver for Microsoft PC' and is 5.5MB.
Fast download, and no need for any waiting or popups you get from filesharing websites.

any guide how to use the file ?

Flasher8 said:
any guide how to use the file ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=16143324&postcount=11
Or what I did was to extract the files in the rar and copy/replaced the original drivers form the HTC Sync driver set.

thnx this worked very well

prank1 said:
You could just download this driver from the HTC Developers website (http://developer.htc.com)
It includes the driver for nearly all Windows OS
Go to the webpage, then scroll right to the bottom. Its labelled 'HTC Android USB Driver for Microsoft PC' and is 5.5MB.
Fast download, and no need for any waiting or popups you get from filesharing websites.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Great Tip but its an older version and might not have the edits to allow newer phones.
The one on the site is from 11/2010 and is version 2.0.0007.00002, this one is 3.0.0.007.
I do not think it has a ton of features but its newer and has compatibly for more phones.

Great!
But is this driver works for all USB modes?
Usually I'm using "Internet pass-trough" mode.

how do i get the driver for windows xp 32 bit? duh nevermind. sorry

Sdobron said:
You can achieve the same by just canceling out of htc sync installation after the driver installs as well.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
+1 this is a clean & easy way to install the HTC drivers, then just cancel the HTC Sync install after!

Related

No driver for my Nexus S 4G, please help

Hi,
I have tried PDAnet to install driver for my phone. When it got to where it asked me to plug in my phone, i plugged in nothing happen so i had to click on cancel. Then i installed SAMSUNG_USB_Driver_for_Mobile_Phones. After it was installed i went to Devices and My phone showed as Unknown Device. i went in to update driver and there was not ADB device in the selection for me to choose. Please help... thanks..
what OS are you using
the most up to date win7 finds it pretty accurately. If not your BEST bet that i have found is use those sammy drivers, THEN install google android SDK/corresponding JAVA. It sounds like alot but you will get alot more as you fiddle with your phone down the line.
When you get the sdk and java sdk installed you can download googles USB drivers through the sdk list and then you should be able to find the ADB device listing IF your computer doesnt find your phone automatically after that.
Ive done this alot now and have had a different config almost every time.
XP has ALWAYS needed the sdk's to work for me.
I have windows 7 home. I have not update my windows 7 at all. I already got SDK and JDK installed. I checked the google USB driver when i was at the list of things to package to download.
tevil said:
what OS are you using
the most up to date win7 finds it pretty accurately. If not your BEST bet that i have found is use those sammy drivers, THEN install google android SDK/corresponding JAVA. It sounds like alot but you will get alot more as you fiddle with your phone down the line.
When you get the sdk and java sdk installed you can download googles USB drivers through the sdk list and then you should be able to find the ADB device listing IF your computer doesnt find your phone automatically after that.
Ive done this alot now and have had a different config almost every time.
XP has ALWAYS needed the sdk's to work for me.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i have updated my windows and still no luck. What is a sammy driver ...
tevil said:
what OS are you using
the most up to date win7 finds it pretty accurately. If not your BEST bet that i have found is use those sammy drivers, THEN install google android SDK/corresponding JAVA. It sounds like alot but you will get alot more as you fiddle with your phone down the line.
When you get the sdk and java sdk installed you can download googles USB drivers through the sdk list and then you should be able to find the ADB device listing IF your computer doesnt find your phone automatically after that.
Ive done this alot now and have had a different config almost every time.
XP has ALWAYS needed the sdk's to work for me.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Here are the drivers I installed from Samsung when I manually updated my prl
http://www.mediafire.com/?yns6ianoai12z6n
I uploaded this last week, just extract the rar and run the exe
Sent from my Nexus S 4G using Tapatalk
i already had this driver install however i still followed the Setup. I uninstalled the existing driver and install this again and still no luck
fergie716 said:
Here are the drivers I installed from Samsung when I manually updated my prl
http://www.mediafire.com/?yns6ianoai12z6n
I uploaded this last week, just extract the rar and run the exe
Sent from my Nexus S 4G using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
are you letting window just give you the list of drivers or are you browsing for the adb one? windows will initially give you a list of like 20 drivers, then you select "let me pick" or something like that and you go through the list of like 1000 instead.
if your on 7 and have everything installed then maybe you have a bad cable. do you get anything that even loks like your computer is trying to install yoru phone.
It was the cable. Last night i went to Sprint and bought their 20 dollar cable and everything was fixed. Drivers were installed with PDAnet and i already rooted the phone , unlocked bootloader, put on CWR and installed CM9 Thank you for your help.
tevil said:
are you letting window just give you the list of drivers or are you browsing for the adb one? windows will initially give you a list of like 20 drivers, then you select "let me pick" or something like that and you go through the list of like 1000 instead.
if your on 7 and have everything installed then maybe you have a bad cable. do you get anything that even loks like your computer is trying to install yoru phone.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ughh $20.. They use to give them for free.. Or atleast the corporate store near me did when I had my Samsung Moment.
But yea I just bought the wrong cable (Nexus One) like a dumb ass from amazon. It fits but super short
Sent from my Nexus S 4G using Tapatalk
i was this close to buying a cable for 3 bucks from Amazon. Now i look at my Sprint cable , it does look different from the cable i saw on amazon. i dont know man, on ebay and amazon those cables are all Nexus S OEM cable, dont know if they would have worked or not
fergie716 said:
Ughh $20.. They use to give them for free.. Or atleast the corporate store near me did when I had my Samsung Moment.
But yea I just bought the wrong cable (Nexus One) like a dumb ass from amazon. It fits but super short
Sent from my Nexus S 4G using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i like how i was in class and i went in to your wallpaper HERE and half your wallpapers were half-naked women
fergie716 said:
Ughh $20.. They use to give them for free.. Or atleast the corporate store near me did when I had my Samsung Moment.
But yea I just bought the wrong cable (Nexus One) like a dumb ass from amazon. It fits but super short
Sent from my Nexus S 4G using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Here is how I got mine to work.
install android sdk here
http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html
navigate to you android sdk folder. typical path:C:\Program Files\Android\android-sdk
double click sdk manager.exe
under extras, install google usb driver package. See screenshot here for example.
http://developer.android.com/sdk/win-usb.html
bob13bob said:
Here is how I got mine to work.
install android sdk here
http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html
navigate to you android sdk folder. typical path:C:\Program Files\Android\android-sdk
double click sdk manager.exe
under extras, install google usb driver package. See screenshot here for example.
http://developer.android.com/sdk/win-usb.html
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Doesn't work it says windows can't find driver
Im struggling here the only thing keeping me form fun is some stupid usb drivers nothing wants to work at all.
Phone will mount when on, but when in fastboot mode it makes a dudududu sound and under deivces it says android 1.0 and when i try to update the driver it cant be found online, and when i have the actual driver on computer it still says windows cant find the driver.
Download the adb drivers attached below
Google search for: Samsung_Mobile_USB_Driver_V1.3.800.0.msi
Install the Samsung "Samsung_Mobile_USB_Driver_V1.3.800.0.msi" drivers and then reboot.
Then plug in your NS4G and let it do it's thing. It will say that it needs a driver. Select no and advanced.
Then go to where you saved the attached file drivers and in the root select it and let is load the Android ADB drivers.
Then reboot.
Then in your device manager you'll see the Android ADB device with a yellow triangle.
Right click and update driver.
Then select the bottom choice so that you can look at all drivers and in the list is the Android ADB.
Select it and next to update the drivers.
Then reboot and you should be good to go.
It took me several hours to figure this out and I used every other method I could find and they did not work, but this did.
This is on Windows XP Pro SP3
If this helps, please hit Thanks!!!

Windows 8 HTC drivers ADB

I have scoured the internet and xda and have not found a solution. I am trying to unlock my bootloader, so I can install ROMs and whatnot, on my HTC One S. However, the device is not recognized by adb, even though the normal drivers are installed through HTC sync. I cannot install any additional driver through any other way.
Basically, I just need to know if anyone has a solution to getting the HTC One S to recognize with adb on Windows 8, or any alternate way to get a token.
I have done this many times before on windows 7, and even used adb for other devices on Windows 8, but cannot get the One S to read.
..and unfortunately my Windows 7 machine is in need of repair.
Any suggestions would be appreciated.
Adb still worked after I went from 7 to 8. Uninstall drivers and install android sdk which has required drivers. I've never used HTC sync due to its suckness. You can also google the download for just the drivers without any extra software. There are multiple devices that have adb drivers for download here on xda aswell.
Good hunting
But as far as driver compatibility nothing has changed since the update
Sent from my HTC VLE_U using xda app-developers app
the drivers wont work until htc/Microsoft updates them. doesn't work on my windows 8 pro, I had to installed a virtual machine to get it to work with windows 7.
Definitely nofun that the htc drivers seem to be the big issues. Whendid not have trouble with the kindle orsamsung. Did update as much through the sdk, and tried manually installing the win 7 drivers, and more andno luck. So guess Ill be waiting.
Works for me on windows 8 pro....don't know what you are talking about
Sent from my HTC VLE_U using xda app-developers app
Spastic909 said:
Works for me on windows 8 pro....don't know what you are talking about
Sent from my HTC VLE_U using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thats good to hear that there is a way to get it working. What drivers did you install?
Are you looking for a driver that will work for when you are in bootloader? I used a Samsung driver and it worked fine.
mbh87 said:
Are you looking for a driver that will work for when you are in bootloader? I used a Samsung driver and it worked fine.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I just installed the latest htc sync and all the drivers were good
Sent from my HTC VLE_U using xda premium
mikeyinid said:
I just installed the latest htc sync and all the drivers were good
Sent from my HTC VLE_U using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did this allow detect in adb? not just for windows recognizing the device?
Ive come to find that adb will recognize the device, but not in fastboot mode. Which is the killer, cause thats the only mode I really need it to be recognized in.
I use both ADB and Fastboot on my W8, and never had a problem. Worst case scenario, if you install the drivers but you still have an exclamation mark next to the device in device manager, try and install the Android USB drivers on a W7 machine and copy the files on your W8. Then go to device manager and update the driver, and point to the folder you just copied. This should do.
Ruwin said:
I use both ADB and Fastboot on my W8, and never had a problem. Worst case scenario, if you install the drivers but you still have an exclamation mark next to the device in device manager, try and install the Android USB drivers on a W7 machine and copy the files on your W8. Then go to device manager and update the driver, and point to the folder you just copied. This should do.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Already tried Used both windows 7 and windows vista drivers.
Oh well.
I installed the SDK and some hacked HBOOT drivers. Doesn't work. I'll have to try new methods
phoenixbennu said:
Ive come to find that adb will recognize the device, but not in fastboot mode. Which is the killer, cause thats the only mode I really need it to be recognized in.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've found in some pages that HTC has already uploaded their HTC Sync and that is now compatible with Windows 8. However, still not working for me in 8 Pro.
---------- Post added at 02:02 AM ---------- Previous post was at 01:55 AM ----------
Ruwin said:
I use both ADB and Fastboot on my W8, and never had a problem. Worst case scenario, if you install the drivers but you still have an exclamation mark next to the device in device manager, try and install the Android USB drivers on a W7 machine and copy the files on your W8. Then go to device manager and update the driver, and point to the folder you just copied. This should do.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've uploaded from W7 to W8 pro and my now I'm not able to find a driver that fits my computer. It's a very strange situation.
I have tried pretty much everything lol, its not worth it if you are installing a RUU then windows 8 suddenly stopped detecting your phone then you have a brick. I would just wait till htc releases drivers for windows 8. or installed windows 7 through VMware, like I did.
Just have the device for 1 day and had some issues. Is there any working solution for this? I've spend some time searching and reading, I tried alot of drivers (HTC, from android-sdk and so on)...with all the same issue. Windows 8 recognizes the device as My HTC BUT...adb doesn't. When issuing "adb devices" command, returned list is blank.
Finally I've installed recovery and unlocked on a Windows 7 machine but I don't want to do that each time I flash a ROM (and I flash alot).
Also short question... I didn't saw anywhere clearly stated but from what I've read, I understood there's no S-Off for One S right? I'm comming from Desire S and everything there was flawless.
It is working on my Windows 8 Pro without an issue. I installed the driver which comes together with the android sdk.
1. Open device manager
2. Select the android device with yellow sign
3. right click and select "Update Driver Software ..."
4. select browse my computer for driver software
5. select "Let me pick from a list of device drivers on my computer"
6. select have disc and browse for the "android_winusb.inf" in the android sdk folder
7. select Android ADB Interface and press next
8. select yes, ...
-> adb driver is installed and device should now work with adb.
Best regards,
dexi
dexi00 said:
It is working on my Windows 8 Pro without an issue. I installed the driver which comes together with the android sdk.
1. Open device manager
2. Select the android device with yellow sign
3. right click and select "Update Driver Software ..."
4. select browse my computer for driver software
5. select "Let me pick from a list of device drivers on my computer"
6. select have disc and browse for the "android_winusb.inf" in the android sdk folder
7. select Android ADB Interface and press next
8. select yes, ...
-> adb driver is installed and device should now work with adb.
Best regards,
dexi
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
wbut i can't find android-winusb.inf in my sdk,
can you mention the folder's path?
I'm having same issue but on Win7 also tried many installs and uninstall of HTC drivers, still not recognized plus have my own thread which 2 members tried all they know also tried on my Dad's Vista with a no go? I found my computer recognized my device if u do this, power down ur device than restart ur computer while booting up plug in ur device and sometimes it recognizes it but not always staying connected
Sent from my HTC One S using xda premium
I have Windows 8 Pro Media Center, install drive from htc sync manager from htc site, flashing fastboot, oem lock, etc seem to work in cmd. But odd was if i do adb devices, it just say something like "list device" i don't see my device number.. or i should use fastboot devices instead
Try this:
[Solution]Windows 8 - ADB/fastboot driver problem solved!!

[TUTORIAL][ADB][WINDOWS 8]Connect HTC explorer to windows 8 and use adb

Hello friends,
This is my first tutorial on this forum and wishing to help my buddies overcome a simple issue I've been facing for many days after coming to windows 8... I am a regular Android App developer and when i started using Windows 8, I observed that the default adb interface couldnt detect my phone.
After a lot of searching here and there, I realized, that there is something missing. So here comes the way to connect our baby droid to the all new windows 8 -
THINGS YOU NEED -
HTC Sync latest 3.21.1
ADT - you can download this from android site.
and this file
NOW HERE COMES THE PROCESS -
1. Download and install HTC sync.
2. Unzip the ADT and add the platform tools folder to your environment path
3. Unzip the file downloaded from link above. Basically its the google usb driver.
4. Now go to device manager and see your phone should be listed as an unknown device.
5. Now find "Android Phone" with a yellow error sign in front. It will be expanded by default.
6. Right click on it and select update driver.
7. Select browse my computer.
8. Link to the folder where you extracted the google usb drivers in step 3. Check the subfolder.
9. Click next. It'll display a warning. Select Install anyway.
10. Completed.
11. You may now download SDK and ADB.
Hope this would be helpful in someway or other.... :highfive::highfive::good:
Is it necessary?
Do we really need HTC sync if we are on a custom rom?
Idea of htc sync is to have htc drivers, it is even recommended to stop htc sync when doing something with adb
shortyoko said:
Idea of htc sync is to have htc drivers, it is even recommended to stop htc sync when doing something with adb
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes htc sync is not needed, but sometimes I see that if my phone is not being detected on adb and i turn on htc sync and keep it aside, my phone gets detected. So I am also a bit confused if this is at all needed or not...
just update htc sync (in case if it is not ) cuz i did the same and my phone got detected in windows 8

[DRIVER] HTC Driver 4.2.0.001 (2013-04-26)

NOTE: This is an older version of the driver, a newer version is available here.
This was pulled directly from the HTC Sync Manager 2.0.61.0 installer.
HTCDriver.exe.part1.rar and HTCDriver.exe.part2.rar are the executable driver installer. The other files are the drivers for the individual platforms.
Note: The last zip is labeled Win2k, but I suspect it is also intended for use with Windows XP.
Note 2: An earlier version of the Windows 7 driver was reported to work with Windows 8, so I suspect that is also the case with this version.
NOTE: This is an older version of the driver, a newer version is available here.
I never seem to see the driver in HTC Sync Manager temp folder, I only see the driver in HTC Sync temp folder which contains HTCDriver_4.0.1.001_20121107.exe which hasn't been updated.
DvineLord said:
I never seem to see the driver in HTC Sync Manager temp folder, I only see the driver in HTC Sync temp folder which contains HTCDriver_4.0.1.001_20121107.exe which hasn't been updated.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Like the HTC Sync installer, the HTC Sync Manager installer creates temporary folders for the individual components as it installs them, but, unlike the Sync installer, there is no pause after installing the "prerequisite" components before deleting all of the individual installers and starting the Sync Manager install. Also unlike the Sync installer, it there will be a second temporary folder containing "HTC Sync Manager.msi" and other files. This is not the folder where the other components will be extracted.
The trick is to wait until the Sync Manager installer says "Installing HTC Driver Installer" and click Cancel, but don't actually cancel the installation. Just leave it at the "Are you sure...?" dialog. This isn't absolutely necessary, but it will give you time to sift through the %TEMP% folder to find the installer. Also, be sure that you uninstall HTC Driver Installer, if it is already installed, before starting the HTC Sync Manager installer, or this step won't happen, and the HTC Driver installer won't be extracted to a temporary folder during setup. Simply uninstalling HTC Sync Manager will not uninstall HTC Driver Installer.
Also note that the HTC Driver installer will be running during this time, so there will also be a temp folder with HTCDriver.msi and other files. This is not the folder where HTCDriver.exe will be extracted.
This just unbrick my phone....
Am so happy,
Thanks thanks thanks
Any new drivers in latest HTC Sync Manager? setup_2.1.55.0_htc.exe
Thanks for this, the Windows 7 x64 worked perfect. :good:
Ive never had a problem on my previous 2 computers running Win7 but now Ive upgraded to Win8 x64. Since then adb.exe window opens and closes. I can see my phone in the device manager whether Im in the bootloader or fully booted up. Ive followed a few guides to install sdk, jdk, adb but still not able to get adb to fully work. Installed the Win7 x64 usb drivers and google USB drivers manually thru the device manager and they are are all up to date. Ive moved the file folders for everything to the c:\program files directory before I started opening everything up and installing. Ive looked thru other forums for Win8 adb problems and followed those guides and looked on Youtube and done a search on XDA. Most are all the same but I tried them as well.
Im really out of options regarding this problem. Asking for help now. Thanks
platform-tools_r18.0.1-windows.zip
CRC32: c5df9dec
MD5: f94f493c3c998c07c7a2037b830636ab
SHA-1: b40fea3ed72296dd42dd616a7abf536b8dace20d
Do these drivers work with Desire HD? I'm trying to get fastboot to work, but I'm unable to do so without the proper drivers.
DvineLord said:
Any new drivers in latest HTC Sync Manager? setup_2.1.55.0_htc.exe
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sorry for the delay in replying. Yes, there is a new version of the driver, at least in the 2.4.11.0 installer. You can find it here.
Scozzar said:
What does this do?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's a newer version of the installer from which the drivers are pulled.
raczyk said:
Do these drivers work with Desire HD? I'm trying to get fastboot to work, but I'm unable to do so without the proper drivers.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, my backup phone is an Inspire 4g, and these work with it.

[Q]Windows won't recognize Oneplus One

Hey,
Question is simple, Windows 8.1 won't recognize my Oneplus One. What should I do?
Thanks
Download the proper drivers, on my windows 7 box I used the ones from the SDK, on windows 8.1 I don't have the SDK on it so I just used the universal naked drivers, a quick search will find you the right ones
Maybe you can post links? I've searched put I haven't found "working" ones
I'm on mobile so its kind of a pain, but here is search result which you can easily do the same
try doors, they might recognize oneplus
Sent from my A0001 using XDA Free mobile app
demkantor said:
I'm on mobile so its kind of a pain, but here is search result which you can easily do the same
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
+1 to this I use Universal Naked Drivers and they work great.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2386956
Follow the instructions on how to install it on Windows 8.1 make sure its 0.73 and not 0.72
download, install, and update the android sdk.
open your devmgmt.msc with administrator rights (device manager)
select your device under the device manager
right click, update driver; and choose the usb driver under google. i chose adb composite interface, i think.
there are some variations to this theme, but it's all pretty close to the same.
Download android SDK package. Standard android drivers are included
demkantor said:
Download the proper drivers, on my windows 7 box I used the ones from the SDK, on windows 8.1 I don't have the SDK on it so I just used the universal naked drivers, a quick search will find you the right ones
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
thanx
Ok...i had this issue when trying to root my OPO. To solve this, I used Samsung drivers instead of google drivers.

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