Related
In this tutorial, I explain how you can add new word completion (XT9) dictionaries to your Windows Mobile Smartphone and how you can redefine their built-in keyboard layout to match the official keyboards used in different languages (QWERTZ in German, AZERTY in French etc.). Based on my tutorial, you will be able to define any keyboard layout – not just the official ones.
One of the drivers that made me write this was the complete lack of any kind of a tutorial or even usable forum posts on these questions (make a Google search for any of the Registry subkey names!). The available ones (see for example THIS) are pretty much useless. That is, this article, as with most of my other articles, is the first REAL article / tutorial / description of all these issues never ever published by anyone before.
Note that this article only refers to touchscreen-less MS Smartphone (Windows Mobile Standard) devices, NOT Pocket PC’s. Should you want to know how you can redefine the default word completion directory used by Pocket PC’s, check out for example THIS article of mine. In addition, should you want to know how to redefine the built-in thumbboard layout, just read the “Change slide-out keyboard layout” section of the related XDA-Dev Wiki page.
1. Adding new XT9 dictionaries
My biggest problem with my TC Vox (s710) was the lack of a Finnish dictionary, as I do most of my chatting in either English or Finnish. The English dictionary works just great and really greatly increases the text entering speed; this is why I’ve tried very hard to find a Finnish dictionary. This forced me to discover how the XT9 dictionaries work and how additional dictionaries can be registered.
First, some good news. Unlike with the Pocket PC platform, you can easily switch between the XT9 dictionaries by just long-pressing the * dial button (or, on the keyboard, the Sym + Space keys) and just selecting the new dictionary. With the Pocket PC, you couldn’t do this very easily – you would need to quickly change the two Registry values HKCU\ControlPanel\ Sip\DictFile and HKCU\ControlPanel\ Sip\ProbFile. (Of course, using a scripting language / environment like the excellent nScriptm either executable from Start / Programs, you can quickly create a program that switches between the two (or more) dictionaries quickly. You can even assign this file to a hardware button. See my past nScriptm-related articles on how this can be done.)
First, an elaboration on how this all works. Note that you will NOT need this in most cases, unless you want to add your DLL’s not existing in the two CAB’s provided in the next section; in this case, you can safely skip this section and move to the next, 1.2.
1.1 In the Registry
First, some advanced stuff. Let me clarify how the Registry keeps track of the different dictionaries.
1.1.1 eT9\AvailableLanguages
First, let’s have a look at HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ Software\Tegic\eT9\ AvailableLanguages. This lists the supported languages. That is, if a given language is enabled in here, then, it will be selectable in the dictionary selector menu (regardless of whether its dictionary DLL really exists or not).
The language codes here come right from the official ISO country codes (listed for example HERE, in the LCIDHex column), with the exception of 04 being changed to 01.
That is, while the official language code of English is 0409, you must use 0109 to refer to English in here. The same stands for all other languages: for example, French is 040C; therefore, it must be referred to as 010C in here.
Note that the order of the numbers of the different languages is also important. For example, if you want to make sure French is the first, just move 010C to the first place of the list in this Registry value; then, the latter will be something like this:
010C,0109,0107,0110,010A,0113,0105,0108,0118,0115,0116,011B,011F,010E,011D,0114,010B,0106
(This registry import script is also available HERE, should you want to play with it.)
Doing this will result in French being offered as the first in the list:
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
You will need this information particularly useful when you want to move a language otherwise not in the first section (for example, not accessible with a phonepad shortcut key). For example, this THIS screenshot, you can see Finnish is at the end of the list - you both need a lot of scrolling (even if you press Up at first) to be able to access it and you can’t use a keypad shortcut to activate it either. To fix the problem, you only need to find the language code for Finnish (040B ), change the first 04 to 01 and just move the resulting 010B to the beginning of the list as can, for example, be seen in the following screenshot:
(registry import file available HERE; in it, the list is as follows: "010B,010C,0109,0107,0110,010A,0113,0105,0108,0118,0115,0116,011B,011F,010E,011D,0114,0106")
See how easy is to bring the languages you REALLY need to the beginning of the language list?
Note that, as with all the other Registry hacks in this article, contrary what some people state (for example HERE), the changes will be visible as soon as you modify the Registry. You do NOT need to restart your handheld.
Now, let’s move on to providing the real dictionaries for the system.
1.1.2 eT9\IME\KdbDlls
As one can easily guess, dictionaries take up a lot of memory (in general, between 100 and 400 kbytes); therefore, more scare languages don’t come with all Smartphones to conserve ROM memory. (For example, a Smartphone sold in the U.K. doesn’t necessarily need the Swedish or the Finnish dictionary built-in; therefore, they’re left out.)
This means, in addition to listing the language in eT9\AvailableLanguages (see section 1.1), you must also provide the given DLL for the system.
To do this, the given DLL, firs, must be got from somewhere (for example, extracted form a ROM of a localized (non-general) Smartphone having it) and, after being copied to the \Windows directory of your handheld, must be listed under the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ Software\Tegic\eT9\ IME\KdbDlls subkey.
The values in here are pretty straightforward: their names end up at the lower byte of the country code and their values contain the name of the DLL. For example, with English (language code in hex: 0409; therefore, lower byte: 09) will be represented like this:
"00010609"="eT9.Dis.9Keys.English.kbd.dll"
The upper three bytes will always be 000106 with eT9.Dis.9Keys DLL’s and 000107 with the much rarer (for example, Greek) eT9.HQD.Libra DLL’s.
1.2 Ready-made dictionaries
Should you want to avoid direct Registry editing, all you need to do is importing the CAB file containing the language dictionary you need. For example, if you need one or more of the English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Czech, Greek, Romanian , Polish, Portuguese, Slovak, Turkish, Hungarian set, you can just download and install the CAB file provided HERE (for the HTC Vox / s710) or HERE (HTC Excalibur / s620).
Should you, on the other hand, need Scandinavian languages (yes, including Finnish, Mr. Rutkowski ), you’ll need THIS file, originally compiled by XDA-Developers forum member mriz. (I provide a link to the version hosted by me because mriz hosts his version on Rapidshare, which is known to take down its downloads after a while.)
A screenshot of the language list is HERE; an in-action screenshot with the Finnish dictionary.
1.2.1 A caveat: very important!
When you install ANY language pack, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ Software\Tegic\eT9\ AvailableLanguages (see section 1.1) will be overridden and the old dictionaries NOT present in the just-installed one will just disappear! Therefore, you MUST for example save the original contents of this entry and, after installing ANY language pack, just concatenate these numbers to the new ones.
For example, if you install the Scandinavian pack on a handheld that previously had the MoDaCo multilingual pack, eT9\AvailableLanguages will contain only the following after the import (that is, four languages; not even English):
011D,0114,010B,0106
instead of the combination of both packs, listing all the languages in both of them; that is,
0109,010C,0107,0110,010A,0113,0105,0108,0118,0115,0116,011B,011F,010E,011D,0114,010B,0106
(I’ve used italic to denote the languages installed by the previously and, by bold, the Scandinavian pack.)
Therefore, you’ll need to re-add the, now, invisible languages to eT9\AvailableLanguages. Should you be aware of this (by manually editing the Registry), just use for example THIS registry import script.
1.2.2 Compatibility
These files worked just great on my HTC Vox. They, however, didn’t work at all on my WM5 AKU3 HTC Oxygen (s310).
2. Redefining the layout of the built-in hardware keyboard (thumbboard)
Unlike on the Pocket PC, where you could quickly swap the keyboard layout by just editing (as is described in the “Change slide-out keyboard layout” section of the related XDA-Dev Wiki page)
With this platform, the situation is a bit more complicated: you must supply the full keyboard mapping file and, in addition, you must also register it in the Registry.
2.1 Keyboard layout files
The recommended (but not compulsory) naming convention for a keyboard mapping file is the following:
eT9.Vox.XXXX.kmap.txt
where XXXX is the official language code (see the already-linked MSDN page for them) and you can change “Vox” to “Excalibur” on the HTC Excalibur (or anythign similar on other, keyboard-enabled devices). Note that, the Smartphone platform (as opposed to Pocket PC) lacking related file name conventions (you must explicitly refer to the keyboard mapping file in the Registry), it can be named anything. I only use this name to be compliant with the naming conventions used by the Vox version of the MoDaCo dictionary installer.
The contents of these files may seem a bit complicated at first but you will soon be able to navigate around. For example, let’s have a look at the following (Greek) configuration file:
As one can see, there are five fields (referred to as {VK VK' CH1 CH2 KeyIndex} by the code samples) in each record defining a button. The first of them just lists what is physically printed on the key and doesn’t need to be touched – it’s only for human consumption, to give you a helping hand when editing the keyboard map file. The second is more important: it’s what you will want to modify when defining a different letter to be input when you press a button. The third and fourth fields define the symbols produced by Fn + key and the symbols entered in 123 mode (the latter two is the same). Finally, you don’t need to touch the last field either.
Note that you can entirely leave the last field (KeyIndex) off (as is in the German layout I provide below). Then, only the first field in the record will be used to determine which key you’re talking about. An example of this (with the German layout):
{Q Q @ @}
{W W ! !}
{E E 0 0}
{R R 1 1}
{T T 2 2}
{Y Z 3 3}
{U U + +}
{I I / /}
{O O ( (}
{P P ) )}
{A A ? ?}
{S S * *}
{D D 4 4}
{F F 5 5}
{G G 6 6}
{H H - -}
{J J _ _}
{K K : :}
{L L ; ;}
{Z Y 0x09 Z}
{X X # #}
{C C 7 7}
{V V 8 8}
{B B 9 9}
{N N 0xFA N} // 0xFA = Launch symbol window
{M M 0xFB M} // 0xFB = Launch SMS
{0xBE . , ,} // 0xBE = VK_PERIOD
{0x26 0x26 0x21 0x26} // 0xF1 = up arrow, 0x21 = page up
{0x28 0x28 0x22 0x28} // 0xF2 = down arrow, 0x22 = page down
{0x25 0x25 0xFD 0x25} // 0xF3 = left arrow, 0xFD = launch pIE
{0x27 0x27 0xDE 0x27} // 0xF4 = right arrow, 0xDE = '
Let’s take a closer look at the Z and the Y records above: that is, the two records you need to modify to get the German layout out of the English one (on limited keyboards not having a number row and non-alphabetic keys):
{Z Y 0x09 Z}
…
{Y Z 3 3}
As you can see, if you need to instruct the handheld to enter a ‘Y’ character when you press the “Z” button, you need to modify the “Z” record.
(Note that this map file is HERE and the accompanying Registry import file – see the next, 2.2 section – HERE)
2.2 Registering keyboard layout files in the Registry
Only providing keyboard layout files (see section 2.1) is insufficient. You must also register these files in the Registry so that the system knows you use a, from English, different keyboard layout.
To do this, you must register they layout file under both HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\ Tegic\eT9\IME\ KeyboardLayouDlls and HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\ Tegic\eT9\IME\ LanguageKeyboardIDMapping.
With the former, you must create a new value named 000007XX, where XX is the lower byte of the language code (for example, 07 for (the 0407 hexa) German), with the value containing the map file (for example, for a German map, "eT9.Vox.0407.kmap.txt").
With the latter, you must map the language and the keyboard layout together. To do this, you must create a value named after the language ID (with the changes outlined in Section 1.1.1; that is, changing 4 to 1 in the upper byte). Its value must be the lower (16-bit) word of the KeyboardLayouDlls registration – as a String (incidentally, as with, for example, the Pocket PC keyboard language string under HKCU\ControlPanel\ Keybd\Locale).
That is, with the German example, the two new values you must create are the following:
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Tegic\eT9\IME\KeyboardLayouDlls]
"00000707"="eT9.Vox.0407.kmap.txt"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Tegic\eT9\IME\LanguageKeyboardIDMapping]
"0107"="0707"
Again, the value of the second value refers back to the first.
Note that, unfortunately, defining a keyboard mapping file to fix the well-known, annoying HTC Vox bug affecting many games / emulators (for example, ScummVM) won’t work. Yes, I’ve tested this (HERE is the file completely switching off numbers in Fn mode) and it didn’t work – pressing the E, R, T, Y, D, F, G, C, V and B keys on the keyboard still resulted in the numbers 0, 1,… 9 being input.
2.3 What about AEKMap?
The well-known AEKMap has gone a LONG way since its first versions (then, only usable with external USB keyboard). This, unfortunately, also means it has gone commercial – at least as far as accessing its advanced features are concerned. The current version is pretty powerful and also supports Smartphones. Unfortunately, very few ready-made Smartphone-related config / layout files are available now, which means you will end up having to write one yourself if you want to use a non-English mapping.
As I find the non-AEKMap way is more system-friendly, I’d, myself, prefer defining your keyboard layout using it, the traditional way. However, you will still want to give AEKMap a try to see whether you can use its advanced capabilities.
3. Tips for ThinkOutstide StowAway keyboard support
Unfortunately, currently, the StowAway keyboards by Mobility Electronics, Inc. (ex- ThinkOutstide) are, officially, not supported by the manufacturer on several Smartphone models. However, this is in no way a problem: if you have a HTC Vox, just download the driver meant for Excalibur (accessible HERE), it’ll work just great. The same may stand for other, officially, not supported models - just give a try to drivers meant for other smartphones (preferably running the same operating system version).
This also means you can safely redefine the keyboard layout by both ThinkOutstide’s official tool (which must be requested by mail as can be read HERE) and, most probably, AEKMap.
Thanks for the amazing guide
do you know by chance if the symbol window is anyhow customizable? I'd like to change the first 4 symbols showing...
thanks
stepir said:
Thanks for the amazing guide
do you know by chance if the symbol window is anyhow customizable? I'd like to change the first 4 symbols showing...
thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
1, thanks
2, nope, sorry
UPDATE (09/27/2007): there are other language packs HERE. It also has a downloadable T9 word editor.
Pantech PN-820
Thanks for your detailed guide. I have contacted all sorts of vendors and tech support people and you seem to be the only out there who is able to get a handle on this. Can you please explain to me how to prevent my native T9 English dictionary (and English inputing abililty) from being wiped out when I install the russiant9.cab that you have a linked at the bottom of your page. I was so happy to find that link and install the Russian only to find that I could not then use the English. I have the PN-820 from Verizon and the only languages it lets you choose are English and Spanish. For that matter I would be happy if you told me how to just add Russian as an input method (even if I don't get T9 abilities).
Also, I downloaded the mobile registry editor but it would not allow me to make any changes and said access denied when I tried changing values. Any ideas on how to get past the protection there? Thanks! Martin
clewirm3 said:
Thanks for your detailed guide. I have contacted all sorts of vendors and tech support people and you seem to be the only out there who is able to get a handle on this. Can you please explain to me how to prevent my native T9 English dictionary (and English inputing abililty) from being wiped out when I install the russiant9.cab that you have a linked at the bottom of your page. I was so happy to find that link and install the Russian only to find that I could not then use the English. I have the PN-820 from Verizon and the only languages it lets you choose are English and Spanish. For that matter I would be happy if you told me how to just add Russian as an input method (even if I don't get T9 abilities).
Also, I downloaded the mobile registry editor but it would not allow me to make any changes and said access denied when I tried changing values. Any ideas on how to get past the protection there? Thanks! Martin
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
1, thanks and welcome to XDA-Dev
2, forget MRE. Get either Resco, Pocket Controller or, even better (because it's free) CeRegEditor ( http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=327511 ). And, of course, don't forget to app unlock your Smartphone
Menneisyys said:
1, thanks and welcome to XDA-Dev
2, forget MRE. Get either Resco, Pocket Controller or, even better (because it's free) CeRegEditor ( http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=327511 ). And, of course, don't forget to app unlock your Smartphone
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi, first of all, thanks for this guide, I´ve been playing with it for about 2 days, and I´m now a little desperate, I´m using the Rogers ROM, and I want to have the spanish dictionary installed, so, when I install the language pack, I can use the dictionary but I can´t use caps and the symbol button either. I tried to copy the needed files and I´ve been making some tweaks to the registry, with no luck til now... Could you help me to achieve this, to have only the spanish dictionary with no changes on my keyboard layout?? Thanks in advance!!!
Still in Qwerty...
Hello,
I have a french HTC with azerty keyboard with HTC_Vox_ARA_1.27.415.4_4.1.13.47 rom.
It works well, it is totally in french, except my keyboard (in abc mode) write in qwerty (when i type on visual touch A, a Q appears on the screen).
I made all the steps of the second post of this thread.
And when i want to write with keyboard, nothing appears on screen !
I maybe made a mistake in I my "eT9.Vox.040C.kmap.txt". I attached this file to the post.
Could you tell me what's wrong in this file?
What can I do?????
Thanks in advance and sorry for my poor english...
Rafael1000 said:
Hello,
I have a french HTC with azerty keyboard with HTC_Vox_ARA_1.27.415.4_4.1.13.47 rom.
It works well, it is totally in french, except my keyboard (in abc mode) write in qwerty (when i type on visual touch A, a Q appears on the screen).
I made all the steps of the second post of this thread.
And when i want to write with keyboard, nothing appears on screen !
I maybe made a mistake in I my "eT9.Vox.040C.kmap.txt". I attached this file to the post.
Could you tell me what's wrong in this file?
What can I do?????
Thanks in advance and sorry for my poor english...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have the same problem.
I have tried to change "eT9.Vox.040C.kmap.txt" with this code :
Code:
//
// N O T E: This file must be saved as Unicode
//
// This file contains the virtual keys mapping table for the
// Cavalier device. The mapping table is define as follow
//
// VK_TPOUND = 0x78
// VK_TSTAR = 0x77
// VK_TAB = 0x09
//
// We do not support escape value yet. So the key/char values should be
// entered explicitly or by encoding start with 0x
//
// Format:
// {VK VK' CH1 CH2}
// VK -> value from keyboard driver
// VK' -> printed on keys
// CH1 -> symbols produced by Fn + key
// CH2 -> symbols in 123 mode
{Q A @ @}
{W Z ! !}
{E E 0 0}
{R R 1 1}
{T T 2 2}
{Y Y 3 3}
{U U + +}
{I I / /}
{O O ( (}
{P P ) )}
{A Q ? ?}
{S S * *}
{D D 4 4}
{F F 5 5}
{G G 6 6}
{H H - -}
{J J _ _}
{K K : :}
{L L;;}
{Z W 0x09 Z}
{X X # #}
{C C 7 7}
{V V 8 8}
{B B 9 9}
{N N 0xFA N} // 0xFA = Launch symbol window
{M M 0xFB M} // 0xFB = Launch SMS
{0xBE . , ,} // 0xBE = VK_PERIOD
{0x26 0x26 0x21 0x26} // 0xF1 = up arrow, 0x21 = page up
{0x28 0x28 0x22 0x28} // 0xF2 = down arrow, 0x22 = page down
{0x25 0x25 0xFD 0x25} // 0xF3 = left arrow, 0xFD = launch pIE
{0x27 0x27 0xDE 0x27} // 0xF4 = right arrow, 0xDE = '
but nothing appears on the screen when i type a message.
Could you help me please ?
Here my config :
Code:
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Tegic\eT9\IME\KeyboardLayouDlls]
"0000070C"="eT9.Vox.040C.kmap.txt"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Tegic\eT9\IME\LanguageKeyboardIDMapping]
"010C"="070C"
Thanks and excuse my poor english...
I have found my problem.
My config (code : .reg and .txt) was Ok, my only problem was the file type for the "eT9.Vox.040C.kmap.txt".
I've tried to save the file in UNICODE type, not in ANSI type, this solve the problem.
Bye.
And, once again, excuse my poor english...
could any one create an arabic or persian one ? really thanks .
Fn+Left arrow launches Internet Explorer, even with Norwegian keymap
On my Vox (with the great Dr Gonzo's WM 6.1 1.1), Fn+left arrow launched PIE. I want it to produce the normal "Æ". I was hoping that installing the Norwegian keymap (http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=384186) would get rid of this, but it doesn't.
I've peeked around the registry for clues (according to the informative first post), with no luck.
Any ideas?
My new keymap:
Code:
{Q Q @ @}
{W W ! !}
{E E 0 0}
{R R 1 1}
{T T 2 2}
{Y Y 3 3}
{U U + +}
{I I / /}
{O O ( (}
{P P ) )}
{A A ? ?}
{S S * *}
{D D 4 4}
{F F 5 5}
{G G 6 6}
{H H - -}
{J J : :} // modified by Tegic
{K K ; ;} // modified by Tegic
{L L ' '} // modified by Tegic
{Z Z 0x09 Z}
{X X # #}
{C C 7 7}
{V V 8 8}
{B B 9 9}
{N N 0xFA N} // 0xFA = Launch symbol window
{M M , ,} // 0xFB = Launch SMS // modified by Tegic
{0xBE . Ö Ö} // 0xBE = VK_PERIOD // modified by Tegic
{0x26 0x26 Ä 0x26} // 0x26 = up arrow // modified by Tegic
{0x28 0x28 Ø 0x28} // 0x28 = down arrow // modified by Tegic
{0x25 0x25 Æ 0x25} // 0x25 = left arrow, // modified by Tegic
{0x27 0x27 Å 0x27} // 0x27 = right arrow // modified by Tegic
Link: I figured this out now.
Enable eT9/xt9 and Automatic capitalization
Sorry if this has been answered somewhere else, but I have looked to no avail.
My question:
The HTC S620 that I bought from Dubai is WM5 and has Arabic enabled (Mobidiv Software SmartArabizer) and all seems to work fine (can switch between English and Arabic just fine). However, I can't seem to enable eT9/xT9 for either English or Arabic. Hitting and long-pressing the "Fn" button does nothing, and hitting the "Fn" key with the Space only switches languages. Is there a way to enable eT9/xT9 for the English at least? What is also peculiar is that the first word of every sentence is not automatically capitalized, which I thought would be the case. I would like to have the option of word suggestions, and automatic capitalization.
I looked in the registry to try and find the entries to make these changes. I also do not appear to have the Tegit entry under software. Does that mean that I don't have eT9/xT9? I think it would be nice to have word completion and suggestion available as well as automatic capitalization. Any help on this issue would be appreciated, including tweaks or software suggestions.
Thanks.
hello,
is it difficul to create the cab-file with my own xt9-languages?
if not please send me the informations how to do that.
Or if i have already a cab file with all languages i need and some others, so how can i delete this other languages to save the ROM-memory on my phone.
Thank You
mda5
looking for a better DLL to handle CAPS!
Hi,
thank your for this guide, which really rocks.
As many have complained, upon installing eT9 you appear to lose the CAPS key which has got completely dead.
With WM3.1 you lose the ability to enter text data with MobileR as well.
This is really dramatic, since now you hav'nt got any chance at all to enter any password containing caps. Many threads with the caps problem end up without any solution.
Maybe someone has got a better DLL, to cope with the caps as well?
The original DLLs appear to originate from 12 key keyboard smartphones, does someone have a full keyboard phone with WM3.1 and CAPS working and would be able to share his DLL?
I dont' mind to loose T9, I just lack bitterly the CAPS.
RIN67630
imate jaq upgrade
hello
i m using imate jaq i wants to upgrade it 2 win 5 2 6 can any 1 help for this. thnx inadvance. awaiting for the best reply
thnx again
mahendra
I tried to install the greek laguange to my phone with windows 6.1 but because of the wrong version, I mean that the pack was for windows 2003, after the instalation complete ask me to reset the device. Then the device never reboot.The message 'Windows Mobile' appears in the screen but the windows doesn't boot. Can somebody help me? Do I need to reinstall windows? -Or hard reset the device? If one of those please describe. Thanks.
i ported a small app that does some djing related calculations on smartphone and ppc using vb.net...
i ve seen some apps on my smartphone (strtrk) that force numeric input only for inputing serials etc, do you have any idea how to do this on vb.net?
im not a developer, i just want to port my app!
For Smartphone.
Just Use.
Code:
InputModeEditor.SetInputMode(<TextBoxName>,
InputMode.Numeric)
When The Form Loads.
Regards,
OllieD
OllieD said:
Just Use.
Code:
InputModeEditor.SetInputMode(<TextBoxName>,
InputMode.Numeric)
When The Form Loads.
Regards,
OllieD
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for the reply, but i get 2 errors:
Code:
Error 1 Name 'InputModeEditor' is not declared. E:\pitchCalcSP\PitchCalcSP\mainFrm.vb 36 9 PitchCalcSP
Error 2 Name 'InputMode' is not declared. E:\pitchCalcSP\PitchCalcSP\mainFrm.vb 36 47 PitchCalcSP
Im not really into coding but ive inserted what you told me in this section: (current is the textbox name)
Code:
Private Sub mainFrm_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
InputModeEditor.SetInputMode(current, InputMode.Numeric)
End Sub
Sorry I Was Rushing.
Add A Reference To "Microsoft.WindowsCE.Forms"
Then Add
Code:
Imports Microsoft.WindowsCE.Forms
To The Top Of The Forms Code In The Declarations Section.
Should Sort It Out.
this works perfectly. thanks a lot.
sorry for exploiting your knowledge, but i have noone else to ask
my textboxes are 3 digit numbers, what should i do if i want them to have 4 digits (1 decimal)? for example 100.5.
with the code u gave me i can only input numbers, * and #.
the only thing remaining is to use the * or # to input the decimal separator.
i ll sure mention u in the about box
Here is my PicGrab Script. It will automatically download some nice (hard****) erotic Pictures for you every day. In detail, it does the following when you execute it:
1.) It enables and connects your Wireless Lan
2.) It checks if there are new Picture Galleries available
3.) If yes, it will download the newest Galleries to your Storage Card
4.) After completion, it will disable Wlan again
5.) It will launch every 24 hours later, so you receive autmatically new girls every day.
UPDATE
I attached a second Version of the Script below. It does not use your Wlan connection, instead it uses the GSM Network.
Watch out, this can become very expensive for you if you have a bad dataplan, because there will be downloaded some MB of data!
Here you can have a look at the Script for Connection over Wlan:
Code:
### Picture Grabber Script by Stronzo ###
errorlevel syntax
toggledisplay(on)
### In the next 2 lines you define the location of the Script. Default is the root of the Storage card.
### The script will run every 24 hours (86400 seconds). You can change the value below if you want.
RemoveNotifications( "\Storage Card\picgrab.mscr" )
runat (timestamp()+86400, "\Storage Card\picgrab.mscr")
Run("\Windows\CommManager.exe")
sleep(4000)
### Depending on how your CommManager looks like (wlan button position)
### you will have to replace the 410 with something like 460.
mouseClick(460,410)
sleep( 18000 )
kill("CommManager.exe")
z = 0
y = 0
while (z = 0)
### In the following line, replace the IP with the IP of your Router. This way you can check if your Wlan is connected.
### If you dont have a router you can enter for example http://www.google.com,
### but this will indicate true even if you are connected via GRPS or 3G and may become expensive
z = InternetConnected("http://192.168.0.100")
Sleep(3000)
toggledisplay(on)
y = y+1
if (y = 12)
sleepmessage(5, "No Connection to WLAN!",1)
call gooff
endif
endwhile
sleepmessage(3, "Connected to WLAN","",1)
mkdir("\Storage Card\pics\")
download( "http://www.kindgirls.com/archive.php", "\Storage Card\pics\archive.xml")
read = readfile( "\Storage Card\pics\archive.xml")
existalready = fileexists( "\Storage Card\pics\already.txt")
if (existalready=FALSE)
writefile("\Storage Card\pics\already.txt", y)
endif
readalready = readfile( "\Storage Card\pics\already.txt")
x = 1
t = formattime( "Y.m.d" )
d = "\Storage Card\pics\"&t&"\"
found = 0
while (x < 13)
search = find( read, "galh450p", found+10)
found = search
if (search = 0)
sleepmessage (2, "Found nothing new")
call gooff
else
cut = substr( read, search, 30)
s = part( cut, "/", 2)
searchalready = find( readalready, s)
if (searchalready = 0)
sleepmessage (1, "New Dataset found, downloading...")
mkdir( d )
writefile("\Storage Card\pics\already.txt", s, TRUE)
a = "http://www.kindgirls.com/galh450p/"
a2 = "/"
a3 = "_"
e = 1
f = "\Storage Card\pics\"
h = ".jpg"
while (e < 20)
download(a&s&a2&s&a3&e&h, d&s&e&h)
size = filesize(d&s&e&h)
if (size < 15000)
delete(d&s&e&h)
endif
e=(e+1)
toggledisplay(on)
endwhile
e = 1
else
sleepmessage (1, "We already have this, skipping..")
x = (x+1)
endif
endif
endwhile
sleepmessage(3, "Finished completely")
sub gooff
toggledisplay(on)
Run("\Windows\CommManager.exe")
sleep(4000)
### Depending on how your CommManager looks like (wlan button position)
### you will have to replace the 410 with something like 460.
mouseClick(460,410)
sleep( 3000 )
kill("CommManager.exe")
sleepmessage(3, "Disconnected",1)
toggledisplay(off)
exit
endsub
What you need to get it running:
1.) Install Mortscript ( if you dont have it already).
Available here for free http://mort.sto-helit.de/index.php?module=download&action=view&entry=65
2.) Download my Script from the attachment or the Code above. Save it to the root of your Storage Card. Make sure it has the Name picgrab.mscr
3.) Execute the Script and wait till the magic is done (the screen turns off in the end). You will find the pictures in your Storage Card in the folder pics. The Script will run again in 24 hours automatically after you executed it.
IMPORTANT:
Read the Commented Lines in the Script, it may be necessary to fit some lines to your device to make it working ok on your device.
Select the Script you want, either Wlan or GSM.
Have fun!
Nice Idea ...
... but it would be even nicer to mention that these is pretty HARD!
Please remember ... married men could get in trouble!
Kids also have access to this site and apps provided here!
So please ... add at least a warning!!
I think everyone who is able to read will know what he will get. I cant be responsible for a married man downloading this and getting caught by his wife
Hi,
please enable GSM Network.
with friendly greet
starbase64
What do you exactly mean?
do you want to get the files without connecting to wlan?
str0nz0 said:
do you want to get the files without connecting to wlan?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, download the new girl via GSM.
Your wish is fullfilled
Youre Script just downloaded 15 MB (72 pictures) in the firsttime run......
Too much for me!
Daily updates vary between 1 and 3 Sets, every has ~14 pics.
On the first run it may download more, but this is only on the first run!
Interesting
What about ActiveSync? Is it possible to have version which check new pictures and download them if there are any during the synchronization? (Like downloading new weather)
Thank you
theTransporter said:
Youre Script just downloaded 15 MB (72 pictures) in the firsttime run......
Too much for me!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have unlimited datentransfer, it is therefore no problem.
Edit: the gsm version works very well
ha ha ha.... u made me laugh man... but gr8 idea...
Hi,
the script freezes when the device in the standby.
Can you change it so that it runs in standby?
I use the GSM version.
with friendly greet
starbase64
starbase64 said:
Hi,
the script freezes when the device in the standby.
Can you change it so that it runs in standby?
I use the GSM version.
with friendly greet
starbase64
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
There is nothing i can do, because its a setting in your phone. Normally GSM connections are kept alive when device goes to standby. Yours seem to disable data connection. You can change this setting with different tools, for example HD Tweak.
str0nz0 said:
for example HD Tweak.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i use HD Tweak, to set my internet connection always on
Work on pro
Will it wok on my pro thanks
Revin said:
Interesting
What about ActiveSync? Is it possible to have version which check new pictures and download them if there are any during the synchronization? (Like downloading new weather)
Thank you
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I will have a look at that, maybe in a next version.
starbase64 said:
i use HD Tweak, to set my internet connection always on
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can try to set your timeout of your display standby for some more minutes. That should work.
jr5416 said:
Will it wok on my pro thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Just try it, the GSM Version will surely work, the Wlan Version has to be configfured correctly by you to enable Wlan. I have commented the lines in the Script. The main important thing are the two lines with the "mouseClick(460,410)" in the beginning and in the end. You have to set the correct coordinates where your Wlan Button is in the comm manager.
I have unlimited data too.
But are there every day 15 MB to download or only for the first run?
theTransporter said:
I have unlimited data too.
But are there every day 15 MB to download or only for the first run?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Only on the first run. And it depends when your first run is. In the worst case it will load 12 sets with 15 pics with ~200kb per pic, that means 36MB. But this is only true for the first run.
Like i said after the first run you get every day 1-3 sets, which means 3-9mb of data.
str0nz0 said:
You can try to set your timeout of your display standby for some more minutes. That should work.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
TimeOut toggle with MortScript:
Code:
### deactivate Display timeout and Standby
RegWriteDWord("HKCU", "ControlPanel\BackLight" & nbURL , "ACTimeout", "00000000")
RegWriteDWord("HKCU", "ControlPanel\BackLight" & nbURL , "BatteryTimeout", "00000000")
RegWriteDWord("HKCU", "ControlPanel\BackLight" & nbURL , "ACTimeoutUnchecked", "0000003c")
RegWriteDWord("HKCU", "ControlPanel\BackLight" & nbURL , "BatteryTimeoutUnchecked", "0000001e")
RegWriteDWord("HKLM", "System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Power\Timeouts" & nbURL , "ACSuspendTimeout", "00000000")
RegWriteDWord("HKLM", "System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Power\Timeouts" & nbURL , "BattSuspendTimeout", "00000000")
### activate Display timeout and Standby
RegWriteDWord("HKCU", "ControlPanel\BackLight" & nbURL , "ACTimeout", "0000003c")
RegWriteDWord("HKCU", "ControlPanel\BackLight" & nbURL , "BatteryTimeout", "0000001e")
RegWriteDWord("HKCU", "ControlPanel\BackLight" & nbURL , "ACTimeoutUnchecked", "00000000")
RegWriteDWord("HKCU", "ControlPanel\BackLight" & nbURL , "BatteryTimeoutUnchecked", "00000000")
RegWriteDWord("HKLM", "System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Power\Timeouts" & nbURL , "ACSuspendTimeout", "00000708")
RegWriteDWord("HKLM", "System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Power\Timeouts" & nbURL , "BattSuspendTimeout", "0000003c")
I use it, works fine. (past in your script)
with friendly greet
starbase64
Plz do not comment on this thread.
This thread is just for posting my chapters of C programing in http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=32778306 this thread.
if you wanna comment or ask doubt comment here : http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=32756564
Chapter 1
Lets Talk about programs:
So all of us have heard about the words like programming, programs , code , decode, etc etc ..
but we don't know the meaning of it.. so here it goes..
♣What is a program and programming?
-> For computer to work , we need to give some instructions. This instruction is know as CODE. Where in Each line of code instructs the computer to do something. Set of lines of these codes is commonly known as an program. (this was in common words)
As the definition of program says:
->A computer is designed to accept input, process it and generate output. A set of instructions to perform a task is known as a program. Simmilarly, A set of programs together form an Application.
-> Coding The codes above is known as Programming.
Ohk . Cool . Now lets start learning About flowcharts
♣What is FlowChart? Why use it?
->Flow chart is a graphical representation of a program. It is useful when you are working in a team. Lets say you and me are building a project in C language n you want to show me what u are thinking about the program. you would write in C n compile the program and would show me . But i may not understand how the program worked , in other words i may not understand THE FLOW OF THE PROGRAM you made. So for that reason you make a flow chart of your program on a piece of paper, and then i would understand what you made.
AND flowchart is just like a representation of your program, it is nothing to do with programing.. you cannot put the flowchart in some file in pc n compile n run it . its not possible ..
-> Flow charts are help full in developing complex programs . You will realize it as we go further with the tutorial . I bet you will make a flow chart when you are thinking of a program but you wouldnt know how to put that into set of codes. That is when you would need flow charts.
Chapter 2
FlowCharts
Theory
As Flow Chart is a graphical representation of programs, we need symbols which will help us to graphically represent it. so here they are:
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
Input:
The Input symbol is used when the user has to input something , in other words it denotes that user will input at this point of program.
eg: the program is about multiplying the two numbers, so the program will ask the user to input two numbers to multiply in this box, 2 and 4
Processing:
The Processing symbol is used to show that there will be some processing in the program now.
eg: after the two numbers are accepted, the process of multiplication is shown in this box. 2 * 4
Output:
The result after processing is done, ie after the two numbers are multiplied , the output is given to the user by this symbol.
eg: 2 * 4 = 8
Decision:
Some times , its essential for the program to make decisions, this can be achieved with the use of this symbol
eg: If you want the user to input two numbers two multiply, but both the numbers should be less then 5, here u can check if the user has given input as per that , if yes then the program will execute(do the work) the way u code for yes, if no then you have to code a different set of code or re run the program.
Subroutine:
This is usefull when you have a big program , you can make different flow charts and then add them together.
Flow Lines:
These are the Lines That will decide where your program will go .
Terminator::
It is like a start for each flowchart, and also the end of flowchart. Also known as Entry point of flow chart and Exit point of flochart.
On page connector:
When your program has the decision boxes, and different conditions satisfy in a different way and end up in a place is where you would use On page connector.
Off page connector:
When your program exceeds the page, and you continue it on some other page then we use Off page connector.
Annotation:
It is a type of comments, which you write for other developers if the part/logic of the part of your program is hard.
================================================== ================================================== ================================================== ==================================================
PracticalLets take an example, that a friend of your asks u to make a program on how to make a tea.
n u say ya ok bro, i will make a flow chart n will send it to you.
so here is the flow chart that you would make
So heres the first flow chart .
lets discuss it in detail (remember the red numbers are just so that you know what i am talking about, u need not write it while drawing flowcharts).
1. It is the terminator. It denotes that your program has started
2. It is the annotation, it is just for the reference of the reader. it is as good as an comment.
3. It is an input box, asks the user to input water, sugar , tea leaves and milk
4. It is an processing box, in this box processes takes place, in this case it is boiling the milk.
5. It is an output box, it tells that the tea is prepared.
6. It is an terminator. It denotes that your program has ended.
================================================== ==================================================*
Lets Take another example:
Suppose i ask you to make a flow chart of how do users register them self at Xda-developers.com.
How would u make it?
Something like this:
So , as you can see,
The terminal is starting the program, then the user inputs his details that are neccesary for signing up(in input box). then those details are stored in the xda developers database(in processing box) , and then the output box shows that you are registered sucessfully..
================================================== ==================================================*
So after seeing two flowcharts i guess you got a better understanding of what flowchart is all about..
So the flowcharts start with a start terminal. and ends with stop terminal. And then there are input boxes for taking inputs and processing boxes for processing the input and there is an output box for output.
So far we learned how to use:
1) Terminator
2) Input Box
3) Processing Box
4) Output Box..
Lets Give you guys an Exercise... At the end of this Post i will put it up.
Now before we move on to use the Decision Box i would like to Show you one more simple flow chart (and if you dont understand it , then i guess i am going too fast in my teaching.. lemme know if you dont get it , pm me or mail me )[/I]
================================================== ==================================================
Decision Box
So while in a program sometimes you have to make decisions.
Decisions like if the user input is right or wrong, username is less than 16 character, password is atleast 6 character etc etc.
This is when you use Decision Box in flow chart.
It is used as follows
When the user is signing up in xda-forum . this is the decision box used after the password is accepted.
It checks , "Is the password greater than 6 characters?, if yes then run so and so codes, if no then run so and so codes" The flow line of Yes have different set of codes. The flow line of No have different set of codes.
For eg:
as you can see , in the decision box, if the Username is greater than 16 characters it shows an error and then runs the program again from where the flow line indicates. If the user name is not greadter than 16 characters then it runs the program normally
Exercise::
Draw FlowCharts For the following programs:
1) To Add two numbers.
2) To multiply the numbers
3) Add two numbers which are single digit only and show appropriate error if user inputs a two digit number
(Hint: Use the decision box to check "is number1 < 10" as if the number will be less than 10 then it will be a single digit number , (we exclude the posibility of negative numbers for sake of simplicity , though will teach you to tackle it in the next chapter))4) Add the two numbers and subtract the addition with their product (eg if the user inputs 2 and 3 , then in processing box write (2*3)-(2+3) )
This Fourth one is important , plz do not skip it as we will discuss on it in next chapter.
Do it on a paper or in book.
mail me at [email protected] your scaned copy or a photo of your flowchart if you want to .. i will see each of them
Or Check From The answers Below.
Answers:
1) Answer
2) Answer
3) Answer
4) Answer
Chapter 3
FlowCharts(...Continued)I hope you have done the exercises and have checked the answers and rectified yourself if you were wrong.
Still i would like to discuss the 4th Problem of the Exercise as i Had some purpose for giving that sum.
So when you were doing the flow chart , you would have encountered a problem.
Lets not go to flow chart directly, lets talk on it as if it were a math problem .
Add the two numbers and subtract the addition with their product: (considering the two numbers are 2 and 3)
Code:
Let the two numbers be a and b.
a=2
b=3
a + b = 5
a x b = 6
(a x b) - (a + b) = 1
NOTE:
You know there are variables in maths?? like x = 2 or x= 7 or y = 10 etc etc..
Ever thought why they are called variables??
It is because their values keep on changing in other words "The value of x VARIATE"
Just Keep it in mind, i would ask you to recollect it after done with this 4th Flowchart Problem
Doesnt it seem too long and boring to write(m talking about (a x b) - (a + b) )?
That's where the flowcharts and all the computer programming languages have a plus point . You will realize it in a minute..
See the flow chart:
See the names underlined with red ink. Sum , Product and Answer.
(referring the flowchart with the above mathematical representation)
Here, when a+b is calculated , the answer is stored in "Sum"
ie:
Code:
Sum= a + b
Similarly, when a x b is calculated , the answer is stored in "Product"
ie:
Code:
Product = a x b
When Product(ie a x b) is subtracted to Sum(ie a+b) it is stored in "Answer"
ie:
Code:
Answer = Product - Sum
Recollect the note above, about the variables and read bellow.
What is a Variable?
-> Variable is a vessel that holds a Value . Where as this value is known as constant.
Eg: x , y , z , a , b , c etc etc
What is Constant?
-> Constant is that value that is stored in a Variable.
Eg, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 etc etc
In all the flow chart above,
These were the variables you used:
Number 1
Number 2
Sum
Product
Answer
You can use the Variable Number 1 again and the value of Number 1 in a different flow chart would be different . Hence it is a variable.
But in any flow chart the value of "1" will remain "1" only.. it wont ever be like 1 = 2.
Hope you are getting my point.
This variable is not just for Flow Chart. Learn Any programing , the knowledge of what is variable and constants is necessary , its like the most basic thing .
So to Sum up and give a summary of variables and constants,
A variable is something like a vessel , a vessel that holds the constants. Constants are the values that are stored in vessel which is nothing but a Variable.
We will talk on this later again when we start the c programming.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As in maths , Constants are limited to numbers. For eg , X = 10 , Y = 15 etc etc
But this is not the case with flowchart , In flowchart you can even write a word or a sentence in a variable.
Eg,
Day = " Wednesday"
Month = " October"
Name = " Mihir"
Birthdate = "1st January 0000"
Mobile no = " 123456789"
Pi = "3.148"
Etc etc...
So as you can widely distinguish , variables in FlowCharts are of 2 Types,
1) Character Variable, Eg, Name = "XDA"
2) Numeric Variable(also known as Integer variables , as Integer contains all the numbers ) , Eg, Num = " 12345"
So when you make flow chart you have to Define all the variables you use if they are number? or they are Character?
See the flow chart below to understand how.
As you can see everything is new in this flowchart.
This is the way we represent a program in a better way in flowchart.
Let me explain to you all of its components.
All of which is written in green above, is like a system command sort of a thing.
And all the red color text are variables.
And all of the blue color things are Operators ( mean + , - , x , = etc, we will talk all about operators in next chapter)
System:
START starts the program
NUMERIC defines that the following variables are Integers/numbers and is written always in processing box. (this process is called DECLARATION we will talk about it in a while).
ACCEPT Accepts constants from the user and stores it in the Variable, always written in input box.
DISPLAY Displays the constants stored in the variable.
STOP Stop/terminates the flowchart/program
Meaning of Declaration!
=> When you want to use a variable, lets suppose u want a variable Num1 , Then you first have to tell the computer that:
"Hey bro, i am using a variable named Num1 in my program which is a numeric variable"
which in flowchart is written as :
Code:
[COLOR="SeaGreen"][B]NUMERIC[/B][/COLOR] [B][COLOR="Red"]nNum1[/COLOR][/B]
As you can see that we are talking to the computer and telling that we are using the variable of this name , it is AS good AS a process?
Hence, it is written in a Processing Box.
As you can see i am prefixing all the numeric variables with n , and you might be wondering , what is this crazy guy talking ?
Basically,
All the variables are prefixed to show what type of variable it is when we use them .
meaning, when we use a numeric variable , we prefix it with n, when we use a character variable we prefix it with c
You can name the variable what ever you like , a, b ,c sum , interest , principle,Name, blah blah etc etc.. anything you like cuz when you will write it in flow chart it will be like nSum, nInterest, nPrinciple , cName. So u will know that Sum ,interest & Principle are numeric variables and Name is a Character variable. Hope now you understand whats the use of prefixing n and c in variable name.
Lets talk about the above flow chart step wise now(referring the numbers in the image above):
After the program starts,
1. There is a Process box. As you know it declares (recollect, declaration means to tell computer that you are using this variable) the variable, hence it is in the process box. In this box the Variables are declared as Numeric and hence are prefixed with n .
2. There is a Input box. What do we do in input box? we take input , and hence there is a proper word defined for it . Accept , and we then write all the variables that we want the values of , from the user.
3. There is a processing box, It adds the two numbers and then stores the value in the Variable Sum which is numeric ( nSum) (it will be clear when i teach you operators in next chapter)
4. There is a Output box, its purpose is to DISPLAY , hence we write Display and then we write all the variables in the Output box that we want to display.
and the program terminates..
======================================================================
Dont give up, let the things sink in. It will take time , you will learn! Trust your self
======================================================================
I would like to advice you to read this again. As you will get a better understanding of it now. And i have added some things in it so dont skip it.
======================================================================
Input:
The Input symbol is used when the user has to input something , in other words it denotes that user will input at this point of program.
eg: the program is about multiplying the two numbers, so the program will ask the user to input two numbers to multiply in this box, 2 and 4
When you want to accept the values from user , you write it in an Input Box. lets suppose you want to Add two numbers , for that you need Three Variables, One variable for storing The first number, second variable for storing the second number , third variable for storing the value of the addition of two variables. And lets name these variables now, nNum1,nNum2 and nSum. So how will you write it in input box?
This way
"Accept nNum1 and nNum2"
Processing:
The Processing symbol is used to show that there will be some processing in the program now.
eg: after the two numbers are accepted, the process of multiplication is shown in this box. 2 * 4
Two things that can be in processes :
The first process box is above, it is used to declare variable with its type,
lets consider the same above example , then u wud write it
"Numeric nNum1, nNum2 and nNum3"
And then you need to add those numbers? correct so you would add it in another processing box like this:
"nSum = nNum1 + nNum2 "
Output:
The result after processing is done, ie after the two numbers are multiplied , the output is given to the user by this symbol.
eg: 2 * 4 = 8
The main purpose of Output box is to show the output.
See the pic below
As we want to display , so we write "Display" in this box. Suppose you want to display Sum calculated above, you would do it this way:
"Display nSum".
We can also write what ever we want in double inverted comas.
Eg
Code:
Display "Hie this is Mihir"
You can even append a variable after it, the constant stored in that variable will be displayed,
Lets suppose there is a variable nNum , in which the Mobile number of a user is saved and the number is 123456789, then you can display it this way:
Code:
Display "Your Mobile number is" nNum
This will display , Your Mobile number is 123456789
Decision:
Some times , its essential for the program to make decisions, this can be achieved with the use of this symbol
eg: If you want the user to input two numbers two multiply, but both the numbers should be less then 5, here u can check if the user has given input as per that , if yes then the program will execute(do the work) the way u code for yes, if no then you have to code a different set of code or re run the program.
Here checking statement means to check something. Eg nSum < 10 or nSum > 10 , nNum <100 etc etc (as of now it consists only of Single Check statement , like you can just see if its a variable is less that 100 and similar things . You cant compare it with two things like a variable is greater than 50 but is less than 100. As of now i cant. We first have to understand operators, after done with operators , we will come back here and talk about it.)
If you were to check if the nSum is less than 100 you would write:
"Is nSum<100 ?"
======================================================================================
Plz read the output box again i have added something. This is for the users who have read the post yest. And i have edited it just now.
======================================================================================
A flow chart for registration.
i guess you can now understand this flowchart above , and i need not explain it to you.
======================================================================================
Chapter 4
Operators
===================================================================
Hope the above image , clears your mind about what is variable and constants.. If you still have any confusion about variables and constants then mail me at helpline mail : [email protected] or PM me..
I devote this chapter to Operators..
Operators: The symbols used to make the computer do an operation is know as an operator .
There are various various types of operators:
1)Arithmetical Operators
2)Conditional Operators
3)Relational Operators
1)Arithmetical Operators :
-> Operators used for doing mathematical operations is know as arithmetical operators. This includes the following :
=
+
-
*
/
%
you may be familiar with all the mathematical expressions above, rather than this, one %.
This is not a percentage , its a modulor division operator. Its name is Modulus.
The division operator yields the Quotient as an answer, where as Modulus yields the Remainder as an Answer.
as you can see above,
when you write an expression as 13/2 it will yield an ans 6 . Therefore, 13/2 is 6 or may be 6.5 (calculation in flowchart is not so precise as it is just to understand the flow of the program and not for calculations)
when you write an expression as 13%2 it will yield an ans 1. Therefore, 13%2 is 1.
====================
2)Conditional Operators
Operators that define conditions are known as conditional operators.
They include these
|
&
This | is "OR" operator. It is used when you want to define any conditions like : a<10|a>15. This means either a is less than 10 OR it is greater than 15 , then its yes . (refering to the decision box, cuz thats the only place where you want to put up conditions right?) Only one of the two conditions must be satisfied , in order to make it a YES
If not even one condition is satisfied then it is a NO , n it will run different set of codes .
Image below will help you understand it.
==============================
The second operator is & "AND" operator. This is used when you want conditions like : a>100&a<200. in this , a should be greater than 100 AND a should also be less than 200 , if both the conditions satisfy then only it is a yes, if either of the condition is not satisfied, then its a no.
=======================================================================
3)Relational operators:
->Operators used for relating two variables are known as Relational Operators
They are as follows:
==
<
>
<=
>=
!=
Note: '=' is used to assign the value, eg , a=4, this means a is equal to 4, where as , a==4 , is a relational operator, it checks , IS a is equal to 4?
The two operators == and != are new to you, i explained the first one above,
the second one != is "not equal to", it is used to check , eg , Is a!=4?,if a is not equal to 4 thn its a yes, if a is equal to 4 then its a no.
========================================================================
A flow chart to check whether the number input by the user is positive or negative?
Try this on your own , n then see the answer below,
You would notice , there is a circle after the processing box..
It is an on page conector. When more than one flow lines are conected to something , then this is used, (i havent used it in any of the above eg of flowcharts, just to teach you bit by bit.)
This is what i used before:
this is what is to be used :
====================================================================
This was it Small Chapter 4. On operators..
If you have done this much ,then be proud of your self, cuz u have learned half of the basics of C programming
Next chapter it about Subroutine and off page conector. And then we will commence out voyage in C programming
Chapter 5
Subroutines And Off-Page-Connector
==================================================================
So as you have seen many flow charts above, u have came to an end of learning the flow chart, are are soon going to learn about C programming.
==================================================================
So lets talk about Subroutine:
What is Subroutine?
-> It is a symbol used in Flow charts to represent the programs clearly.
You will understand it after you see the flow chart bellow.
Lets suppose you were to make a program to add the numbers (we did it before in Chapter 3) , but using subroutine makes it tidy graphical Representation , and also it is easy to understand while reading it. :
As you can see above , the function of adding the two numbers is separated from the flowchart for better representation , this is known as an Modular Approach of Programming.
(not talking just about FlowCharts , i Am talking of C programming language .)
Modular Approach of programming is , to keep the main code in a file , and then the operating codes in a separate file , as you can see above, the main code is separated from the code that adds the numbers.
It is not of a great help when such a small flowchart, but when u have a full calculator in which you would add , subtract , multiply , divide etc etc , this approach would be the best . :good:
NOTE:at the end of the subroutine , we use a terminator with "RETURN" , and not "STOP"
==================================================================
Lets take another Example.:
You wanted to make a flowchart of a program , a program that adds and subtracts both .
Then it would be represented this way :
(all the three images is one FlowChart Only)
Each image above is like a different page in a book.
So if your flow chart ever exceeds the page in a book or page in any document, then you use the off page Connector.
Lets first talk about subroutine.
As u can see above, the Subroutines add and subtract are separated from the flowchart , you can write it on any page as long as those pages are kept together .
When the page comes to an end, we use a Off-Page-Connector, and then name it what ever we like, and in a new page we make a new Off-Page-Connector with the same name, as you can see a connector with name "A" is on the both page, so the connector "A" on the first page , conects with the conector "A" on the second page , Same way with the connectors named "B"
====================================================================
One more eg and we are done With Flowcharts
A flowchart , to show a program .
The program takes the marks of the students who gave an entrance exam for College, Subjects are Math,English and French. If in each subject a student scores atleast 35 marks and the average of the 3 subject is atleast 50 marks , Then a selection letter from the college is sent , if not , then a rejection letter is sent. Also count the number of selection letters and rejection letters sent.
Note:I wont explain this flow chart. If you can understand it on your own then you are good to go further with C programming , if you cant then please read the chapters again and try understanding it again and then proceed with programming.
The only new thing in this is :
nSelect = nSelect + 1
Lets suppose nSelect is a variable with a value 0 in it , then you can say
nSelect = nSelect + 1 which means , nSelect = 0 + 1
And then suppose nSelect is 1 then
nSelect = nSelect + 1 means nSelect = 1+1 which comes to two.
You can use such type of statements in programing .
Remember ,
The Right Hand Side of an equation is calculated and then stored in the variable Left Hand Side,
NSelect + 1 is calculated and the ans is stored in nSelect on the Left Hand Side. It works as an counter.
And yeah!! you are done with flowcharts.. We will start with Programming ASAP ..
C Programming Begins!!!
So today we would have started with C programming ,but according to me and my fellow developer friend with whom i discussed of how to teach it to you and decided that we will teach you some extra things. As we are secondarily studying this for learning Android stuff though not only for android , we will try to teach everything about C but we will also try to teach you some extra things that will be helpful while you start with your android development .
So the main things are :
What is Computer?
What is an Operating System?
Where is C usefull in all this?
What is android?
==========================================
What is computer?
-> The definition of computer have changed as it has got many changes in it. Years before when computer wasnt invented , the person who used to do calculations was referred as a Computer as he used compute the Mathematical problems. But as the machine was invented to do the calculation , The machine was then named as "Computer".
==========================================
What is a Operating System?
=> Years Ago when computer was first invented,
it had a monitor of small size, one full room of chips and stuff (today it fits into a small box and we call it CPU) the name of the room was Central Processing Unit , (the room was the core of the computer , and as you know a room is also called as a Unit) . That room used to get commands from other room where the input from user was taken , and then processed and sent back to the same room for displaying it on Monitor. Hence it was a processing room too. So the room with chips used to Process things , it was the Core thing and hence it is named as Central Processing Unit(CPU).
(If you are interested in all the things I said above, then you must study Computer Architecture , as study of all these stuff is known as Computer Architecture .)
When this Computer was invented , it was just for the sake of calculation , you can say it was a 2 room huge calculator. And when you start the computer , You just see a black screen , and then you had to write the whole calculator program in a programming language you like (idk what language was used at that time ) and then do the work. The calculator program was very huge and it was very tiring job of writing it everytime you turn on the computer. So then someone invented "something" that stored the things in it. This "something" was named as Memory. As it stored the calculator program, it was kind of a Memory for the Brain(CPU) of the computer, Hence named as Memory. (This memory was very small it wasnt even 1kb ) And then the Calculator Program was written again and then stored to the memory . So everytime you turn on the Computer you dont have to Write the whole calculator program you just have to write some set of codes to go to memory and run that calculator program. Eventually when the need of computers increased from just calculation to many other Office work , like Storing the customer information, making the list of expenses and profits of an company many such applications were made . But still to run any of these application , some set of codes were neccesary and hence it was useless till some extent for normal people. So a new era was started, The era of operating systems. It was like you will have applications for using APPLICATIONS, eg if you want to use calculator in windows operating system, you will go to Start menu and then accesories and then select calculator. This is called GUI, meaning Graphical User Interface. Today we can make a folder by right clicking and selecting "New Folder" this wasnt the scenerio at that point of time , they had some set of commands to create a folder.(even today you can make a folder with this command in Command Prompt "mkdir NewFolder" mkdir meaning make directory , and then "NewFolder" is the name of the folder. If we want to see what folders we have in c drive, we just go to MyComputer and then go to c drive, this wasnt the case at that time, they had to write set of commands to navigate till that directory , and then had another command to List all the files and folders in that place. So everything was based on Commands Given by the User. So an need of Operating System was essential , where in commands were given by user interface(eg right clicking and making a folder is as good as opening command prompt, navigating to the location and then giving commands to make a new folder .) So when all these things are put together and then the need of Commands is decrease for day to day work , this package of software is known as Operating System.
There are different companies making Operating Systems depending upon the hardware capabilities of a Computer. eg, Windows, Linux and Mac(apple).
Note: The Definition of an Operating System is way too big than i explained above, but this is what you should know as of now.
==============================================================
Where is C usefull in all this?
=> The whole operating System is made in C language. It is a fact that, Windows consists of 13,000 lines of codes where in only 800 lines are not writen in C launguage . Now you can see what is the value of C . (will be writing C rather than C language ) C is widely used in making Operating Systems , Games and Kernels in other electronic Devices.
==============================================================
What is kernel?
=> A set of codes writen in C language that lets the Software and the Hardware communicate is known as kernel. For eg , if you press the volume Down button (hardware) how does android phone knows that the volume down button was pressed and the he has to lower the volume by a level in the phone?
See the image below:
The Hardware says the kernel that the user wants to lower the volume , the kernel comunicates with Operating System(OS) and tells to lower the volume by one level , and then it displays that the volume is decreased .
===================================================
Why C in everything?
=> C is widely used in everything because it is very fast as it is in direct contact with Hardware via kernels. So it is faster than any other programming language. It is not only used in computers. The Food Processor with Timing, the Tv Remote etc everything has C in it.
===================================================
What is Android?
=> Android can be simpt explained by saying "The mobile version of Linux is known as Android"
This was just a chapter for some extra information that would be usefull in your future when you will start doing some work in android or windows, or even when you will try to make some programs in C while you are learning from this tutorial.
Chapter 1 Theory On C prgramming
So basically What is C?
=> C is a programming language developed at AT & T's Bell Laboratories of USA in 1972. It was designed and written by only one person "Dennis Ritchie". In the late seventies C began to replace the other programming languages like PL/I,ALGOL,etc. No one pushed C neither was it 'official' Bell Labs language nor was it advertised by any means. Still C's reputation spread and its pool of users grew. Ritchie seems to have been rather surprised that so many programmers preferred C over the older languages, including FORTRAN. Still it is choosen over the newer languages like PASCAL and APL.
Probbaly , why C seems so popular is because it is reliable, simple and easy to use. Moreover, In an industry where newer languages, tools and technologies emerge and vanish day in and day out, a language that has survived for more than three decades has to be really good.
An opinion that is often heard today is -
"C has already superceded by languages like C++, C# and Java, so why bother to learn C today!!". I seriously beg to differ with this opinion. There are several reasons for this(according to the aurthor of the book "Let Us C"-Yashwant Kanetkar, and i agree with him):
I believer that nobody can learn C++ or Java directly. This is because while learning these languages you have things like Classes , Objects, Inheritance , polymorphism , Templates , etc. and also the elements like loop , if-else, nested if-else, switch,etc. These elements like loop etc should be learned in C , then about objects in C++ and then Exception handling in Java , so it is like a proper flow in the boat of Knowledge. Though this Three-Step learning process may take more time, but at the end of it you will definitely find it worth the trouble.
C++,C# or Java make use of principle called Object Oriented Programming(OOP) to organize the program. This organizing principle has lots of advantages to offer . But eve while using this organizing principle you would still need a good hold over the language elements of C and the basic programming Skill
Though many C++ and Java based tools and frameworks have evoleved over the years the importance of C is still unchanged because knowingly or unknowingly while using these frameworks and tools you would be still required to use the core C language elements -another good reason whu one should learn C before C++ , C# or Java.
Major parts of popular operating system like Windows, UNIX, Linux are still written in C (As we talked on it earlier) This is because even today when it comes to performance (speed of execution Nothing beats c) Moreover, if one is to extend the operating system to work with new devices one needs to write device driver programs. This programs are exclusively written in C (this is what you will do when you will build android kernels after learning C)
Mobile devices like Cellular phones and palmtops have become rage of today. Also, common consumer devices like mirowaveovens , washing machines and digital cameras are getting smarter by the day. This smartness comes from a microprocessor, an operating system and program embedded in this devices. These programs not only have to run fast but also have to work in limited amount of memory. No wonder that such programs are written in C. With these costraints on time and space, C is the language of choice while building such operating system and programs.
You must have seen several professional 3F computer games where the user navigates some object, like say a spaceship and fires bullets at the invaders. The essence of all such games is speed. Needless to say, such games wont become popular if they take a long time to move the spaceship or to fire a bullet . To match the expectations of the player the game has to react fast to the user inputs. This is where C language scores over the other languages. Many popular gaming frameworks have been built using C language
At times one is required to very closely interact with the hardware devices. Since C provides several languages elements that make this interaction feasible without compromising the performance, it is the preferred choice of the programmer.
I hope that these are very convincing reasons why you should adopt C as the first and the very important step in your quest for learning programming languages.
================================================================================
Getting Started with CCommunicating with a computer involces speaking the language the computer understands , which immediately rules out English as the language of communication with computer. However, there is a close analogy between learning English language and learning C language. The best method to learn English is to first learn the alphabets used in the language , then learn to combine these alphabets to form words, which , in turn, are combined to form sentences and sentences are combined to form paragraphs. Learning C is similar and easier . Instead of straight-away learning how to write programs , we must first know what alphabets, number and special symbols are used in C , then how using them,constants, variables and keywords are constructed and finally, how are these combined to form an instruction. It is illustrated below:
=========================================================================
C Character SetA character denotes any alphabet, digit or special symbol used to represent information. The Valid aplphabets, numbers and special symbols allowed in C are :
We would talk about what are variables,constants and keywords and set up the programming environment and also make our first prorgram with its flowchart
CHAPTER 2
I can bet you will relate most of the things with C programming , from flowcharts.
When you run an application , it first reserves the memory required for it to run . Lets suppose you are playing a game on computer, "pinball", this game will first reserve the memory locations in the RAM or storage. And then only THE PINBALL game can access those memory locations. The image below depicts is properly.
as you can see above , memory is made up of cells, each cell has its address (0x111 to 0x142 are the adresses, dont worry about the numbers like 0x111 n stuff i just wrote it to show you , the real memory locations are like 2031576,2031577,2031578,2031579 and so on. We will see it in real when we go further down with the chapters )
Lets say your computer has a memory from 0x000 to 0x999, and then you open the pinball game , the pinball game needs 32memory cells, and it started getting cells from 0x111 and then reserved till 0x142 so that it can run smoothly , and lets suppose you open another app in backgroud , lets say you opened Calculator, and also suppose Calculator needs 50 cells of memory , then it willl start from 0x143 to 0x193.
These cells are nothing but Bytes.
1Gigabyte = 1000Mega Byte
1MegaByte= 1000 Killobyte
1Kilobyte = 1000 byte
This is what we know right? its wrong
1Gigabyte = 1024 Mega Byte
1MegaByte= 1024 Killobyte
1Kilobyte = 1024 byte
What is 1 byte equal to??
1byte = 8bits
NOTE: Google this "1 byte = how many bits"
You will see this at the start , as you can see it works like a converter, just goof around with it have a lil fun n learn mean while.
This was just off topic things, but keep these things in mind while learning C , this is like the general knowledge required for learning C , so now we are starting with Real C programming.
===================================================================================
So now what is variables?
Various Definitions:
Code:
"A variable is the name for a place in the computer's memory where you store some data."
"A variable is a way of referring to a memory location used in a computer program. "
Lets not go into theory again , lets talk about a program in which you want to add two numbers.
First of all you want to accept 2 numbers from users , add them and then store it to another variable?
Lets say you accept two numbers 'x' and 'y' from the user , you cant just write x + y, right? cuz x + y what? you will have to use one more variable 'z' and then store the value sum of 'x' and 'y' in it. ie z=x+y
so now here the three variable 'x' , 'y' and 'z' are variables, agreed?
so these variables WILL be stored in memory?
Each of them will use their own memory cells? or to be precise each one of the variable will use a BYTE from memory?
lets say the three memory locations used are 0x200,0x201,0x202
So you can conclude that the NICKNAMES of the memory location 0x200,0x201,0x202 , are 'x' , 'y' and 'z' respectively.
which in other words means the variable 'x' is reffering to 0x200 , so what ever you store in variable x is gonna be stored in the memory cell with address 0x200 and the same with 'y' and 'z' . so the above definitions are true, If you may read it again , you will understand better . Still you dont know what is DATA in this right? we will talk about it in a while.
What are constants?
The value of a variable is constant.
lets talk about the above program again , the variable x, y and z.
The user inputs the number 2 and 4,
so x = 2 , y = 4 and as these numbers are supposed to add and the answer is stored in z , so z=6.
now the value of x will change from program to program , if i make another program , i can use variable x and it may have a different value.
But the VALUE of value of variable , (2, is the value of x) this will never change, 2 will remain 2 , it wont ever mean 3, like 2=3 or something.
Hence it is a constant. This constant is stored in memory. The image below depicts is clearly.
============================================================================
Lets get in actoin?
So lets download the compiler now.
So the compiler we gonna use is DJGPP, it it like command line GCC (GNU C Compiler) , we will write program in notepad++, and then save it and then open up command prompt and then compile it from there and then we will get an .exe file .(dont worry if you arent getting it, everything will be taught )
Links:
DJGPP
Notepad++
How to download things?
For DJGPP:
select these fields:
The selection of Operating system may change according to your OS. If on Windows 7/vista select windows XP in that os section.
then click on tell me which files to download .
then download each of the zip file .
NOTE : If you are on linux then you have gcc compilers already, google it how to use it.
For notepad++:
go to the link above , then click on download button on left botom panel:
then:
.
===========================================================
Put the downloaded files from DJGPP in a folder named DJGPP.
now open the note pad plus plus exe and install it ..
then copy the DJGPP folder to C drive:
now open notepad++
and then write the name of the files in that DJGPP folder in the notepad++ (write unzip32 and then the file name):
and then save it as DJGPP.bat (dont forget to write .bat in that DJGPP folder..
if you have done the downlaod the way i have said and you have 8 files in the folder then copy this and paste in notepad :
Code:
unzip32 bnu2211b
unzip32 djdev203
unzip32 faq230b
unzip32 gcc472b
unzip32 mak3791b
unzip32 pakk023b
unzip32 rhid15ab
unzip32 txi412b
now go to DJGPP folder and open this DJGPP.bat file.. it will extract things for you..
now go to start menu , right click on my computer then click on properties:
now follow the instructions in the screen shots below(in some screen shots i have show the PATH in note pad, its jst to show you the path in bigger font. you need not write it on notepad):
click on advanced system properties, for windows xp users, you will have a box opened like the image below , click on advanced tab , for vista users IDK i never used Windows vista goof arround with it you will find what to do..
click on environment variables
click on path and then click on EDIT .
Note that in the path , there should be a ':' semicolon , then write c:/djgpp/bin;%PATH% , then click on ok.
now click on new
write these things in the Variable name and variable value , click on ok , then again ok then again ok. and you will be done..
now we have set up our Compiler .
Now lets write our first C program, just to check whether the compiler is running or not.
copy this and paste it in notepad++ ,
Code:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
printf("Hello XDA!!!");
}
now save it with the name hello.c , dont forget to write ".c" at the end.
now open command prompt ,
write
Code:
cd desktop
then write
Code:
gcc hello.c
then write
Code:
a
if you got something like this then you are done.. if you got a error like Gcc is not an internal comand or something.. you messed it up , try the steps above from setting the environment variables.. and still you fail then you mail me at [email protected]
NOTE: Dont worry , we were just checking if its working or no , m gona teach you to use command prompt soon trust me , the boring part is over now. Its all the fun now :good:
Chapter 5 - Part II
Integer and float conversions
In last tutorial you learnt about the operators used in C programming. Now we will see about how to use them effectively, i am making this tutorial by writing it because it has some tables which will take time for you to understand, and for that its better to write it than to show it in video.
So in order to effectively develop C programs, it will be necessary to understand the rules that are used for the implicit conversion of floating point(means a float variable) and integer values in C. These are mentioned below : (read them carefully , remember float variable, floating point and real variable , all mean one and the same thing)
An arithmetic operation between an integer and integer will always yield an integer result.
Eg. 2*2=4
An operation between real and real will always yield a real result.
Eg, 2.000000 * 2.000000 = 4.000000
Point to remember: : Float variable has 6 digits after the decimal , so if you write ,
Code:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
float a;
a=10;
print("%f",a);
}
then it will print 10.000000 as float value has 6 digits of precision..
An operation between an integer and real will always yield a real result.
eg, 6/2.0 = 3.000000 , you see that 6 is integer , 2.0 is real and they are divided, the 6 gets promoted to real value (6.000000) and then 6.000000 is divided with 2.000000 and the answer is 3.000000
Lets list all the operators we know so far:
+ (Addition operator)
- (Subtracting operator)
* (Multiplying operator)
/ (Dividing operator)
% (Modulus)
= (Assignment operator)
== (Equality operator)
Lets suppose you were to write a expresion like this:
Code:
x=2*3+4;
Now there are two possibilities in this ,
The compiler can first multiply:
Code:
2*3
and then add 4 to it.
OR
The compiler can first add:
Code:
3+4
and then multiply it by 2.
These two possibilities can create confusions while making programs, hence to solve these, C has something known as "Operators Precedence".
See the Image Below :
As you can see, that the */% have more precedence then the + -, hence , When there is a expression like:
Code:
x=2*3+4;
First multiplication is carried out , and then it is added. and then it is assigned(the assignment operator has last precedence) to the variable in left.
NOTE: The =! is NOT EQUAL to operator and is used when you compare it. will be explained in following chapters with examples.
===========================================================================================================
In addition to these operators, there are more operators, which we will see as we need them further, and will be explained as we encounter them.,
Chapter 6 (DECISION!! DECISION!! DECISION!!)
Chapter 6
If you have a calculator which will just ADD the two numbers, then calculator will be pretty useless , wont it?
Hence,There is something in the calculator that decides whether to add or subtract or multiply the two or more numbers provided by the users. This is when we need decision control.
The C language too must be able to perform different sets of actions depending on the circumstances. Actually, this is what makes C popular and very widely usable.
C has three decision making instruction(Reminder:a line of code is instruction)
If Statement
If-Else Statement
Switch
The if StatementLike most languages, C uses the keyword(if you forgot what is keywords check out the FAQ) if to implement the decision control instruction. The syntax(look FAQ) of if statement looks like this:
Code:
if(condition)
{
[B][I]code[/I][/B];
}
where the CODE is the instructions that you want to run.
And if the CONDITION is true then the CODE is executed.
The keyword if tells the compiler that what follows the keyword if in the ( ) "parenthesis" is the condition. If this condition is true then the CODE in the pair of { } "braces" is executed. if the condition is not true then the statement is not executed, in fact the program skips it.
How to evaluate if the condition is true or false?
With the help of relational operators.(will be taught in the second part of chapter 5, when it will be updated for now just remember that the operators used for relating is known as relational operators Eg. == , !=, < , > , <= , >=.
== is to compare the right hand side with the left hand side and != means not equal and others are simple. Will be taught in detail in Chapter 5 part 2 i will link you as soon as that chapter is done by my friend.)
Lets try a program now:
Code:
//This is a coment
//A program for demonstration of [B][I]if[/I][/B]
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int number;
printf("Please enter a number with less than 100\n");
scanf("%d",&number);
if(number<100)
{
printf("What a good student you are!!");
}
}
NOTE:
Never put semi colon after if statement Like this
Code:
if(a<10);
printf("A is less than 10!");
As the program will think that you terminated the if statement after checking the condition , it will think of it this way
Code:
if(a<10)
{
}
printf("A is less than 10!!");
So no matter what the value of a is , it will always print A is less than 10.
A flowchart for the above program to make things clear:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Another Eg:
If your bill is above 10$ in McDonald's then you get 5% discount, if not then no discount.
(try making a flowchart your self , and then see the C program below)
Code:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
float billamount;
[COLOR="Green"]/*float data type because bill can be in decimal. eg 10.40$*/[/COLOR]
int discount;
[COLOR="Green"]/*discount will remain 10% only*/[/COLOR]
float totalamount;
[COLOR="Green"]/*the amount after deducting the discount from the bill we will store the value in the "totalamount" variable*/[/COLOR]
printf("Enter your bill amount in Dollars\n");
scanf("%f",&billamount);
if(billamount>=10)
{
discount=5; //If billamount will be more than or equal to 10$ then we will give discount of 5%
}
totalamount=[COLOR="RoyalBlue"]billamount[/COLOR]-[COLOR="Red"]billamount*discount/100[/COLOR];
[COLOR="Green"]/*here [COLOR="red"]billamount*discount/100[/COLOR] is to calculate the percentage and then subtract it with the real [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]billamount[/COLOR]*/[/COLOR]
printf("The total amount is : %f",totalamount);
}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The If Else Statement
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The if -Else statement is the real thing, the if statement was derived from it. Will explain you how and why at the end of the If-Else discussion .
The Syntax(syntax means general form )of the IF-ELSE statement is.
Code:
if(CONDITION)
{
CODE If true;
}
else
{
CODE if the CONDITION is false;
}
Lets go through it Step by step:
The CONDITION is evaluated
The CODE IF TRUE will run if the CONDITION is TRUE
if the condition is false then the CODE IF THE CONDITION IS FALSE will run.
Lets see a example
Code:
/*A program to add or subtract the numbers*/
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int a,b,c; /*a and b for accepting number for user and c for storing the addition or subtraction*/
char op;
printf("Hello, Please enter your operation (Addition or Subtraction only)?\n");
scanf("%d%c%d",&a,&op,&b);
if(op=='+')
{
c=a+b;
}
else
{
c=a-b;
}
printf("The answer is : %d",c);
}
Some examples tested in the program.
Found it complicated? The lets simplify:
scanf("%d%c%d",&a,&op,&b);
The %d will accept the first integer and save it in a
The %c will accept the Operator(+ or - ) and save it in op
The %d will accept the second integer and save it in b
Then the If will check if the op=='+', if it is + then it will add and store the answer in the variable c. It will skip the ELSE .
If op is not + then it will skip the if and the codes in the Else will run, meaning it will skip the codes in the if and then subtract the two integers and then store the value in variable c.
After this the printf functions prints the variable c, which is the answer.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revising Stuffs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Let me brush up your basics again:
%d is for integers
%c is for characters
%f is for floats
Defining: To tell the computer you want a variable of int/float/char type is called as defining a variable.
Eg.
char a;
int b;
float c;
Initializing: To give a value to a variable is known as initializing a variable.
Eg.
char a;
a='Z';
int b;
b=2;
float c;
c=3.000000; (decimal is not neccesary while initializing, but when you will print a float variable , you will see the decimals)
CAN ALSO BE INITIALIZED THIS WAY:
char a='Z';
int b=2;
float c=3.000000;
Note: To initialize a char type of variable, you use ' ' single inverted commas, Eg. char a = 'Z';. This is what we have used in the if condition in the above example , if(op=='+');
When we write only the variable name like, (supposing int x = 10
printf("%d",x);
We will get 10 as output , that is the value of the varaible.
But when we write a variable name with ampersand(&), (supposing int x is located at 25834 on the memory)
printf("%d",&x);
We will get 25834 as output, as the &(ampersand) is a operator that tells the program to related the variable's address rather than its value.
Now you know why we write
scanf("%d",&a);
Rather than:
scanf("%d",a);
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Switch
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------When we have to make only two decisions depending upon only TWO possibilities then we use If-Else.
Eg,
If the numbers are even then add them and if not , then subtract them
If the user is male then he have to pay 25.5% as tax from his income and if not male then 25.0% tax from her income
If a number less than 10 then multiply it by 100, if it is not less than 10 then divide it by 100, Etc.
But what if you want to make various decisions depending on various possibilities
Eg,
If the number is less than 10, then add 10. If the number is greater than 20 then subtract 10, if the number is 0 then add 20.
If the character entered by user is 'a' then print A, if 'b' then B,if 'c' then C, if'd' then D, if 'e' then E , Etc.
This is when you use switch case.
The Syntax of switch case is as follows:
Code:
[COLOR="DarkGreen"]Switch[/COLOR](CASE NUMBER)
[COLOR="DarkGreen"]Case [/COLOR]NUMBER 1:
{
CODES HERE;
}
[COLOR="DarkGreen"]Case [/COLOR]NUMBER 2:
{
CODES HERE;
}
[COLOR="DarkGreen"]Case [/COLOR]NUMBER 3:
{
CODES HERE;
}
[COLOR="DarkGreen"]Case [/COLOR]NUMBER 4:
{
CODES HERE;
}
Default:
{
CODES HERE;
}
Post Under Construction
hello i just stared my introduction to programing class and my first project is to make a program that can calculate a tringle area CAN SOMEONE PLESE GIVE ME A LINK WITH A TUTORIAL OR A GUIDE WHERE I CAN SEE ALL THE COMMANDS AND FUNCION
Its a very very simple program.
First you need to think about the algorithm to be used. In this case a very simple one.
area = base * height
Code should be as follows:
Code:
base = input("base length: ")
height = input("height: ")
area = base * height
print("Area is " + area)
For a command listing, python comes with an extensive set of help files with every single API function for the basic install documented.
You might find this helpfull.
http docs python (dot) org/2/library/functions (dot) html
This is not spam right?
theLolipro said:
http docs python (dot) org/2/library/functions (dot) html
This is not spam right?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
relevant to the question so I would say no, not spam.
You get on black ops and shoot people with it how much simpler can it get?
Sent from my SCH-I500 using Tapatalk 2